scholarly journals Intertextuality as cognitive modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-267
Author(s):  
Tatyana Karpenko-Seccombe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Dynamic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Research ◽  
Analogical Mapping

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a way in which the concept of cognitive modelling can be applied to studies of intertextuality. The paper suggests a fresh way of looking at intertextuality – from the perspective of the cognitive processes involved in decoding intertextual references, namely, analogical mapping across different domains. Our knowledge of cognitive processes is largely based on the study of cognitive processing of texts, but texts with intertextual references have until now been a less studied area of cognitive research. I define three different ways in which texts relate to each other: hard modelling, soft modelling and loose association. From a cognitive perspective, I suggest that mental processing of these texts involves different knowledge structures which I describe using Schank’s (1982, 1986, 1999) theory of dynamic memory.

Experimentalism and cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-58
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Farsi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Research ◽  
Text Language

Abstract This study approaches experimental literary texts from a cognitive perspective. It investigates if a constructivist modeling of cognition can be applied to such texts, and contends that there is a two-way relation between memory and literary experimentations. It suggests a fresh look at literary experimentalism – from the perspective of the cognitive processes involved in challenging (text, language, and world) schemata to varying degrees. There exists a vast body of knowledge on experimental texts, but the study of cognitive processing of such texts has until now been a less studied area of cognitive research. This study defines two main types of experimental texts based on their closeness to or divergence from the schematic parameters of world, text, and language: proximal and distal. The study shows how distal experimentations are conventionalized over the course of time and call for re-innovation.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH ON MUSICAL METAPHORS IN THE POEM “SONG OF MYSELF” BY W. WHITMAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (97) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
OLGA S. KAMYSHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Cognitive Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Poetic Work

The author considers the primary and secondary musical metaphors in the poem “Song of Myself” by W. Whitman. The article classifies distinguished metaphorical models according to the frame-slot analysis technique. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the main and secondary metaphors are closely connected, revealing the cognitive processes related to the basic concept of this poetic work.

Achievement in School in Relation to Simultaneous and Sequential Cognitive Processes among Young Egyptian Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadia Z. Elwan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reading Decoding

The present study was designed to examine whether a relationship exists between scores on simultaneous and sequential cognitive processes, on one hand, and performance on the Reading Decoding and Arithmetic subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K–ABC), on the other hand, using a sample of 170 Egyptian school children in Grades 1, 3, and 5. To examine the differential magnitudes of the relationship between scores for cognitive processing and school achievement a two by two (simultaneous × sequential) analysis of variance was calculated with reading decoding and arithmetic scores as dependent variables. The results indicated that cognitive processing, especially simultaneous synthesis, is related to arithmetic as well as decoding during reading. Scores on sequential processing were not significantly related to scores for decoding reading and may not be important as simultaneous processing for mathematical skills. The findings were interpreted in the context of the Arabic orthographic system and in view of the nature of the cognitive and mathematical tasks employed in this study.

scholarly journals The Perceptual and Cognitive Processes That Govern Egg Rejection in Hosts of Avian Brood Parasites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hanley ◽  
Samantha L. Rutledge ◽  
Juliana Villa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Egg Recognition ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Receptor Noise

Hosts of avian brood parasites are under intense selective pressure to prevent or reduce the cost of parasitism. Many have evolved refined egg discrimination abilities, which can select for eggshell mimicry in their parasite. A classic assumption underlying these coevolutionary dynamics is that host egg recognition depends on the perceivable difference between their own eggs and those of their parasite. Over the past two decades, the receptor noise-limited (RNL) model has contributed to our understanding of these coevolutionary interactions by providing researchers a method to predict a host’s ability to discriminate a parasite’s egg from its own. Recent research has shown that some hosts are more likely to reject brown eggs than blue eggs, regardless of the perceived differences to their own. Such responses suggest that host egg recognition may be due to perceptual or cognitive processes not currently predictable by the RNL model. In this perspective, we discuss the potential value of using the RNL model as a null model to explore alternative perceptual processes and higher-order cognitive processes that could explain how and why some hosts make seemingly counter-intuitive decisions. Further, we outline experiments that should be fruitful for determining the perceptual and cognitive processing used by hosts for egg recognition tasks.

Personalization With Digital Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
New Learning ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Innovative Learning

How to personalize learners' learning with digital technology so that learners derive optimal experiences in learning is a key question facing learning scientists, cognitive psychologists, teachers, and professional instructional designers. One of the challenges surrounding personalization and digital technology is how to promote learners' cognitive processes at a deeper level so that they become optimally engaged in critical and creative thinking, making inferences in learning, transferring knowledge to new learning situations, and constructing new knowledge during innovative learning process. This chapter examines the literature relating to deep cognitive processes and the idiosyncratic features of digital technology that support learners' deep cognitive processes in learning. Guidelines pertaining to personalization with digital technology in regard to deep cognitive processing are proposed, followed by the discussions on future research with a focus on verifying the theoretical constructs proposed in the guidelines.

Anxiety and Cognitive Processes in Problem Solving

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Sinclair ◽  
Terence A. Heys ◽  
Stephen de C. Kemmis
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Human Problem

In this paper a trait-state conception of anxiety is presented which incorporates a number of extensions to current theorizing. The conception is a cognitive one in that it emphasizes information processing that occurs with respect to both the trait and state components of anxiety. The conception indicates a number of insights into human problem solving that can be made through a consideration of cognitive processing, anxiety processing, and their interaction. In particular, the role of coping styles in threat reduction and the influence of A-state on specific cognitive processes are examined. Implications for theory and further research are discussed.

Verbal hallucinations and language production processes in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
External Source ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Verbal Imagery

AbstractHow is it that many schizophrenics identify certain instances of verbal imagery as hallucinatory? Most investigators have assumed that alterations in sensory features of imagery explain this. This approach, however, has not yielded a definitive picture of the nature of verbal hallucinations. An alternative perspective suggests itself if one allows the possibility that the nonself quality of hallucinations is inferred on the basis of the experience of unintendedness that accompanies imagery production. Information-processing models of “intentional” cognitive processes call for abstract planning representations that are linked to goals and beliefs. Unintended actions - and imagery - can reflect planning disruptions whereby cognitive products do not cohere with concurrent goals. A model of schizophrenic speech disorganization is presented that postulates a disturbance of discourse planning. Insofar as verbal imagery can be viewed as inwardly directed speech, a consequence of such planning disturbances could be the production of unintended imagery. This link between the outward disorganization of schizophrenic speech and unintended verbal imagery is statistically supported by comparing the speech behavior of hallucinating and nonhallucinating schizophrenics. Studies of “borderline” hallucinations during normal, “goal-less” relaxation and drowsiness suggest that experiential unintendedness leads to a nonpathological variant of hallucinatory otherness that is correctable upon emerging from such passive cognitive states. This contrasts with the schizophrenic case, where nonconcordance with cognitive goals reinforces the unintendedness of verbal images and sustains the conviction of an external source. This model compares favorably with earlier models of verbal hallucinations and provides further evidence for a language production disorder in many schizophrenics.Short Abstract: How is it that many schizophrenics identify certain instances of verbal imagery as hallucinatory? This paper proposes that the critical feature identifying hallucinations is the experience of unintendedness. This experience is nonpathological during passive conscious states but pathological if occurring during goal-directed cognitive processing. A model of schizophrenic speech disorganization is presented that postulates a disturbance of discourse planning that specifies communicative intentions. These alterations could generate unintended verbal imagery as well. Statistical data are offered to support the model, and relevant empirical studies are reviewed.

Understanding retrospection: Blended joint attention and the multimodal construction of film flashbacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gordejuela
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Multimodal Cues ◽  
Film Discourse

The analysis of film discourse from a multimodal and cognitive perspective has shown in recent years that such an approach to the study of cinema is a very fruitful one. Among the various cinematic techniques that may be analysed as pieces of multimodal discourse, the flashback seems to be particularly appealing because, while being very rich and versatile, it is also a fixed device and common enough in film as to be studied in a systematic way. Given those characteristics – formal variety alongside stability – a relevant question would be: how do spectators make sense of film retrospections? To address this question, this paper suggests an examination of the multimodal cues offered by flashbacks in three different films – Ordinary People (1980), Big Fish (2003) and The Help (2011) – and analyses the cognitive processes that those cues activate and which make the comprehension of the flashback possible. What lies at the basis of the flashback scenes proposed is a joint-attention triangle formed by the viewer and the camera, who look together, first at the character in the present and then at the events taking place in the past. Ultimately, such scenes can only be understood in terms of blended joint attention, and they also reveal the importance of other cognitive processes at work, namely time compression, viewpoint integration, and identity and analogy connections.

scholarly journals 1070 An Examination of the Relationship Between Language Use in Post-Trauma Nightmares and Psychological Sequelae in a Treatment Seeking Population

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A407-A408
Author(s):  
C Paquet ◽  
J Davis
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Studying language use in dreams and nightmares has become an increasingly used tool to understand underlying emotional and cognitive processes. Specifically, in regards to post-trauma nightmares (PTNMs), nightmare transcriptions can offer a lens to understand a survivor’s interpretation of their trauma. The current study will utilize a method of quantitative text analysis to analyze the relationship between specific psychological constructs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nightmare qualities. It is hypothesized that there will be a positive correlation between words related to perceptual processes and negative emotions in nightmares and PTSD symptom and nightmare severity. There will be a negative correlation between cognitive processes and positive emotion words, and PTSD symptom and nightmare severity. Methods Fifty-three nightmares were collected from participants that were recruited from the community in a Midwestern city as part of an ongoing investigation of the effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for PTNM, Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT). All participants were over the age of 18, have experienced a criterion A trauma, and have nightmares at least once weekly. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was utilized to analyze the nightmare transcriptions. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Trauma-related Nightmare Survey (TRNS) were used to measure symptom severity. A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used for this exploratory study. Results Words related to perceptual processes were significantly positively correlated with PTSD symptom and nightmare severity (p<.05) Neither negative nor positive emotion words were significantly related to PTSD and nightmare symptoms (p>.05). Cognitive processing words were significantly negatively correlated with PTSD and nightmare symptoms (p<.05). Conclusion The results of this study support the hypothesis that language use in nightmares reveals important information about underlying cognitive and emotional functioning. The results of this study may have an important impact on treatment considerations for those who have experienced trauma. Analyzing language use in PTNM may help to understand the etiology and maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Support Support for this study comes from the University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice.

scholarly journals Comparison of the level of cognitive processing between case-based items and non-case-based items on the Interuniversity Progress Test of Medicine in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cecilio-Fernandes ◽  
Wouter Kerdijk ◽  
Andreas Johannes Bremers ◽  
Wytze Aalders ◽  
René Anton Tio
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Progress Test ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Phi Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Case Based

Purpose: It is assumed that case-based questions require higher-order cognitive processing, whereas questions that are not case-based require lower-order cognitive processing. In this study, we investigated to what extent case-based and non-case-based questions followed this assumption based on Bloom’s taxonomy.Methods: In this article, 4,800 questions from the Interuniversity Progress Test of Medicine were classified based on whether they were case-based and on the level of Bloom’s taxonomy that they involved. Lower-order questions require students to remember or/and have a basic understanding of knowledge. Higher-order questions require students to apply, analyze, or/and evaluate. The phi coefficient was calculated to investigate the relationship between whether questions were case-based and the required level of cognitive processing.Results: Our results demonstrated that 98.1% of case-based questions required higher-level cognitive processing. Of the non-case-based questions, 33.7% required higher-level cognitive processing. The phi coefficient demonstrated a significant, but moderate correlation between the presence of a patient case in a question and its required level of cognitive processing (phi coefficient= 0.55, P< 0.001).Conclusion: Medical instructors should be aware of the association between item format (case-based versus non-case-based) and the cognitive processes they elicit in order to meet the desired balance in a test, taking the learning objectives and the test difficulty into account.

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