Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis as an Early Biomarker to Differentiate Sepsis from Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Cakir ◽  
Gamze Gok ◽  
Ozcan Erel ◽  
Isil Ozkocak Turan
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Group Index ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
Research Period

Background: It is possible that patients with pneumonia also may have sepsis and the separation of these two clinical entities may induce some trouble to clinicians Objective: In order to separate a patient with pneumonia and a patient with sepsis, we qualify thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a potential biomarker. Method: This study designed between February 2018 – February 2019 prospectively. All patients in the intensive care unit with pneumonia and sepsis were enrolled in the study. At the time of hospitalization, thiol/disulfide homeostasis was measured. Patients diagnosed with sepsis and pneumonia were compared, in regards to thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Conclusion: In this study, we showed that thiol/disulfide homeostasis can be used as new markers in the early period in order to separate patients with sepsis and patients with pneumonia. Results: During research period, 103 patients with sepsis and 120 patients with pneumonia were enrolled into the study. When we compared native-thiol, total-thiol, and disulfide levels in both sepsis and pneumonia patients, we had similar results (p>0.05). In sepsis group, index-1 (disulfide/native thiol ratio) and index-2 (disulfide/total thiol ratio) were found out to be statistically higher than the pneumonia group, and index-3 (native thiol/total thiol ratio) was statistically lower than the pneumonia group (p=0.020, p= 0.021, p=0.021, respectively).

The Synod on the Family

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Church Teaching

This chapter provides a case analysis of the Catholic Church’s Synod on the Family, an assembly of bishops convened in Rome in October 2014 and October 2015, to address the changing nature of Catholics’ lived experiences of marriage and family life. The chapter argues that the Synod can be considered a postsecular event owing to its deft negotiation of the mutual relevance of doctrinal ideas and Catholic secular realities. It shows how its extensive pre-Synod empirical surveys of Catholics worldwide, its language-group dialogical structure, and the content and outcomes of its deliberations, by and large, met postsecular expectations, despite impediments posed by clericalism and doctrinal politics. The chapter traces the Synod’s deliberations, and shows how it managed to forge a more inclusive understanding of divorced and remarried Catholics, even as it reaffirmed Church teaching on marriage and also set aside a more inclusive recognition of same-sex relationships.

Asian tongue root systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van der Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Language Group ◽  
High Vowels

This chapter is devoted to tongue root (ATR or RTR) harmony in Tungusic languages (a.o. Classical Manchu) and Mongolian languages (Khalka and Buriat), which all belong the Altaic language group. In addition to TR-harmony, most Tungusic and Mongolian languages also have a limited form of labial harmony, especially among low vowels. After discussing the Tungusic and Mongolian systems the chapter will focus on the behavior of high vowels, which do not participate in labial harmony, and are either transparent or opaque. A notable difference between Tungusic and Mongolic regards the fact that whereas [i] is transparent to labial harmony in Mongolic, it is opaque in Tungusic. High round vowels are opaque in both groups.

Naming the Baga: Problems in the Identity of a Guinean Cultural Amalgamation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Frederick John Lamp
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Along the coast of the Republic of Guinea, the term “Baga” has been used to cover a large amalgamation of cultural groups, always previously misinterpreted. There are five dialect groups called Baga within the Temne language group. The question raised here concerns the etymology of the name Baga, as it has evolved in juxtaposition to the name Temne in Sierra Leone. It is an attempt to parse the intricate use of language to describe the historical and hierarchical relationship between these two segments of the same group.

scholarly journals Towards lab-on-chip ultrasensitive ethanol detection using photonic crystal waveguide operating in the mid infrared

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rostamian ◽  
Ehsan Madadi-Kandjani ◽  
Hamed Dalir ◽  
Volker J. Sorger ◽  
Ray T. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Slow Light ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Group Index ◽  
Photonic Crystal Waveguide ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
On Chip

Abstract Thanks to the unique molecular fingerprints in the mid-infrared spectral region, absorption spectroscopy in this regime has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Contrary to commercially available infrared spectrometers, which are limited by being bulky and cost-intensive, laboratory-on-chip infrared spectrometers can offer sensor advancements including raw sensing performance in addition to use such as enhanced portability. Several platforms have been proposed in the past for on-chip ethanol detection. However, selective sensing with high sensitivity at room temperature has remained a challenge. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an on-chip ethyl alcohol sensor based on a holey photonic crystal waveguide on silicon on insulator-based photonics sensing platform offering an enhanced photoabsorption thus improving sensitivity. This is achieved by designing and engineering an optical slow-light mode with a high group-index of n g  = 73 and a strong localization of modal power in analyte, enabled by the photonic crystal waveguide structure. This approach includes a codesign paradigm that uniquely features an increased effective path length traversed by the guided wave through the to-be-sensed gas analyte. This PIC-based lab-on-chip sensor is exemplary, spectrally designed to operate at the center wavelength of 3.4 μm to match the peak absorbance for ethanol. However, the slow-light enhancement concept is universal offering to cover a wide design-window and spectral ranges towards sensing a plurality of gas species. Using the holey photonic crystal waveguide, we demonstrate the capability of achieving parts per billion levels of gas detection precision. High sensitivity combined with tailorable spectral range along with a compact form-factor enables a new class of portable photonic sensor platforms when combined with integrated with quantum cascade laser and detectors.

scholarly journals Freestanding bilayer plasmonic waveguide coupling mechanism for ultranarrow electromagnetic-induced transparency band generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Yuzhang Liang ◽  
Shuwen Chu ◽  
Huixuan Gao ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Transmission Band ◽  
Waveguide Structure ◽  
Plasmonic Waveguide ◽  
Plasmonic Nanostructures ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Group Index ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Induced Transparency ◽  
Electromagnetic Induced Transparency

AbstractStrong electromagnetic coupling among plasmonic nanostructures paves a new route toward efficient manipulation of photons. Particularly, plasmon-waveguide systems exhibit remarkable optical properties by simply tailoring the interaction among elementary elements. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a freestanding bilayer plasmonic-waveguide structure exhibiting an extremely narrow transmission peak with efficiency up to 92%, the linewidth of only 0.14 nm and an excellent out of band rejection. The unexpected optical behavior considering metal loss is consistent with that of electromagnetic induced transparency, arising from the destructive interference of super-radiative nanowire dipolar mode and transversal magnetic waveguide mode. Furthermore, for slow light application, the designed plasmonic-waveguide structure has a high group index of approximately 1.2 × 105 at the maximum of the transmission band. In sensing application, its lowest sensing figure of merit is achieved up to 8500 due to the ultra-narrow linewidth of the transmission band. This work provides a valuable photonics design for developing high performance nano-photonic devices.

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