Towards a comprehensive view of language change: Three recent evolutionary approaches

2008 ◽  
pp. 215-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Winter-Froemel
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Comprehensive View

scholarly journals Subjektive und objektive Daten in der Sprachwandelforschung.

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Helmut H. Spiekermann
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Language System ◽  
Mutual Dependency ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Evaluative Language

Language change is generally regarded as change of linguistic items or of the language system. In this sense it might be described and explained by the observation of varying use and evaluation of language. Developments concerning the conditions of use and the characteristics of evaluation are rarely regarded as cases of language change itself. Recently, however, there seems to be a shift towards a wider understanding of language change, distinguishing change of structure, use and evaluation. This shift is accompanied by the distinction of subjective and objective language data. Studies that combine objective and subjective data enable a comprehensive view of the characteristics and causes of language change. The present paper uses data from speakers of two different age groups from the Grafschaft Bentheim district on the German-Dutch border to illustrate the mutual dependency of structural and evaluative language change. The investigation will be carried out in an apparent-time-analysis based on a translation tasks (as a type of objective data) and semantic differentials (subjective data). Although the attested differences between the age groups turned out to be comparatively small, there are correlations between the results regarding subjective and objective data to be stated.

Analysis of Functioning the School Council at Primary School

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Jitka Vidláková
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
School Council ◽  
School Life ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Student Council

The topic of the contribution is pupil participation in school life. In this framework we will focus on student councils, which represent one of the possible forms of pupil participation. The study analyzes the foundation and the existence of a student council at a selected primary school using a modified Lagerwei’s model of stages of change. In the text we present a comprehensive view on the functioning of student council, as we confront the data relating to its activities obtained from the headmaster, teachers and pupils. The study focuses primarily on researchers dealing with the issue of pupil participation but its focus also brings ideas and inspiration for other professionals and for school practice.

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