scholarly journals How robust are exemplar effects in word comprehension?

2015 ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Iris Hanique ◽  
Ellen Aalders ◽  
Mirjam Ernestus
Keyword(s):  
Word Comprehension

Facilitation of Verb Recognition by MR Subjects through Syntactic Cuing

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Kandace A. Penner ◽  
Betsy Partin Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ◽  
Syntactic Form ◽  
Standard Version

It has been our experience in using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test that an inordinate number of verbs are missed by mentally retarded individuals. This study attempts to determine whether verb errors were due to a lack of word comprehension or a failure to understand what was being requested by the morphological-syntactic form of the stimulus. Twenty-eight subjects residing in a state facility for the mentally retarded were given a standard version and a modified version of the PPVT. On the modified version of the test, the stimulus "verbing" was altered to incorporate a syntactic helper, forming the stimulus "somebody verbing." As a result, there was a mean reduction of verb error by almost 50%.

scholarly journals Word comprehension in temporal cortex and Wernicke area

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. e224-e233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Marsel Mesulam ◽  
Benjamin M. Rader ◽  
Jaiashre Sridhar ◽  
Matthew J. Nelson ◽  
Jungmoon Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Core Components

ObjectiveTo explore atrophy–deficit correlations of word comprehension and repetition in temporoparietal cortices encompassing the Wernicke area, based on patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).MethodsCortical thickness in regions within and outside the classical Wernicke area, measured by FreeSurfer, was correlated with repetition and single word comprehension scores in 73 right-handed patients at mild to moderate stages of PPA.ResultsAtrophy in the Wernicke area was correlated with repetition (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) but not single word comprehension (r = −0.072, p = 0.553). Correlations with word comprehension were confined to more anterior parts of the temporal lobe, especially its anterior third (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). A single case with postmortem autopsy illustrated preservation of word comprehension but not repetition 6 months prior to death despite nearly 50% loss of cortical volume and severe neurofibrillary degeneration in core components of the Wernicke area.ConclusionsTemporoparietal cortices containing the Wernicke area are critical for language repetition. Contrary to the formulations of classic aphasiology, their role in word and sentence comprehension is ancillary rather than critical. Thus, the Wernicke area is not sufficient to sustain word comprehension if the anterior temporal lobe is damaged. Traditional models of the role of the Wernicke area in comprehension are based almost entirely on patients with cerebrovascular lesions. Such lesions also cause deep white matter destruction and acute network diaschisis, whereas progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with PPA do not. Conceptualizations of the Wernicke area that appear to conflict, therefore, can be reconciled by considering the hodologic and physiologic differences of the underlying lesions.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Word Comprehension in Infancy: Developments in Timing, Accuracy, and Resistance to Acoustic Degradation

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Zangl ◽  
Lindsay Klarman ◽  
Donna Thal ◽  
Anne Fernald ◽  
Elizabeth Bates
Keyword(s):  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Timing Accuracy

Understanding words in context: The role of Broca's area in word comprehension

2007 ◽  
Vol 1146 ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Bedny ◽  
Justin C. Hulbert ◽  
Sharon L. Thompson-Schill
Keyword(s):  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Word Comprehension

scholarly journals Efficacy of spoken word comprehension therapy in patients with chronic aphasia: a cross-over randomised controlled trial with structural imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324256
Author(s):  
Victoria Fleming ◽  
Sonia Brownsett ◽  
Anna Krason ◽  
Maria A Maegli ◽  
Henry Coley-Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Spoken Language Comprehension

ObjectiveThe efficacy of spoken language comprehension therapies for persons with aphasia remains equivocal. We investigated the efficacy of a self-led therapy app, ‘Listen-In’, and examined the relation between brain structure and therapy response.MethodsA cross-over randomised repeated measures trial with five testing time points (12-week intervals), conducted at the university or participants' homes, captured baseline (T1), therapy (T2-T4) and maintenance (T5) effects. Participants with chronic poststroke aphasia and spoken language comprehension impairments completed consecutive Listen-In and standard care blocks (both 12 weeks with order randomised). Repeated measures analyses of variance compared change in spoken language comprehension on two co-primary outcomes over therapy versus standard care. Three structural MRI scans (T2-T4) for each participant (subgroup, n=25) were analysed using cross-sectional and longitudinal voxel-based morphometry.ResultsThirty-five participants completed, on average, 85 hours (IQR=70–100) of Listen-In (therapy first, n=18). The first study-specific co-primary outcome (Auditory Comprehension Test (ACT)) showed large and significant improvements for trained spoken words over therapy versus standard care (11%, Cohen’s d=1.12). Gains were largely maintained at 12 and 24 weeks. There were no therapy effects on the second standardised co-primary outcome (Comprehensive Aphasia Test: Spoken Words and Sentences). Change on ACT trained words was associated with volume of pretherapy right hemisphere white matter and post-therapy grey matter tissue density changes in bilateral temporal lobes.ConclusionsIndividuals with chronic aphasia can improve their spoken word comprehension many years after stroke. Results contribute to hemispheric debates implicating the right hemisphere in therapy-driven language recovery. Listen-In will soon be available on GooglePlay.Trial registration numberNCT02540889.

Multilink: a computational model for bilingual word recognition and word translation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 657-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
TON DIJKSTRA ◽  
ALEXANDER WAHL ◽  
FRANKA BUYTENHUIJS ◽  
NINO VAN HALEM ◽  
ZINA AL-JIBOURI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Connectionist Model ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Lexical Similarity ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Direction Model

The computational BIA+ model (Dijkstra &amp; Van Heuven, 2002) has provided a useful account for bilingual word recognition, while the verbal (pre-quantitative) RHM (Kroll &amp; Stewart, 1994) has often served as a reference framework for bilingual word production and translation. According to Brysbaert and Duyck (2010), a strong need is felt for a unified implemented account of bilingual word comprehension, lexical-semantic processing, and word production. With this goal in mind, we built a localist-connectionist model, called Multilink, which integrates basic assumptions of both BIA+ and RHM. It simulates the recognition and production of cognates (form-similar translation equivalents) and non-cognates of different lengths and frequencies in tasks like monolingual and bilingual lexical decision, word naming, and word translation production. It also considers effects of lexical similarity, cognate status, relative L2-proficiency, and translation direction. Model-to-model comparisons show that Multilink provides higher correlations with empirical data than both IA and BIA+ models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document