Translation quality assessment demystified

Babel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Karoubi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Key Terms

The current paper aims at developing a conceptual framework to describe translation quality assessment as a complex process of decision making. It starts with a discussion about the great amount of confusion that exists in the usage of terminologies related to the area of translation quality assessment and tries to disambiguate and (re)define key terms that are often taken for granted such as translation, assessment, and quality. The article then deals with developing a theoretical model to explain different stages of the process of translation quality assessment, i.e., collection, synthesis, and interpretation of data with an emphasis on the significance of the role of assessors in the process.

scholarly journals Consciousness, decision making, and volition: freedom beyond chance and necessity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Liljenström
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Neural Information Processing ◽  
Stochastic Population Model ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWhat is the role of consciousness in volition and decision-making? Are our actions fully determined by brain activity preceding our decisions to act, or can consciousness instead affect the brain activity leading to action? This has been much debated in philosophy, but also in science since the famous experiments by Libet in the 1980s, where the current most common interpretation is that conscious free will is an illusion. It seems that the brain knows, up to several seconds in advance what “you” decide to do. These studies have, however, been criticized, and alternative interpretations of the experiments can be given, some of which are discussed in this paper. In an attempt to elucidate the processes involved in decision-making (DM), as an essential part of volition, we have developed a computational model of relevant brain structures and their neurodynamics. While DM is a complex process, we have particularly focused on the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) for its emotional, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) for its cognitive aspects. In this paper, we present a stochastic population model representing the neural information processing of DM. Simulation results seem to confirm the notion that if decisions have to be made fast, emotional processes and aspects dominate, while rational processes are more time consuming and may result in a delayed decision. Finally, some limitations of current science and computational modeling will be discussed, hinting at a future development of science, where consciousness and free will may add to chance and necessity as explanation for what happens in the world.

scholarly journals An empirical investigation into the role of values in occupational therapy decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Thomas ◽  
David Seedhouse ◽  
Vanessa Peutherer ◽  
Michael Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Therapy Decision ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Psychological Influences

Introduction The importance of values in occupational therapy is generally agreed; however, there is no consensus about their nature or their influence on practice. It is widely assumed that occupational therapists hold and act on a body of shared values, yet there is a lack of evidence to support this. Method The research tested the hypothesis that occupational therapists’ responses to ethically challenging situations would reveal common values specific to the occupational therapy profession. A total of 156 occupational therapists were asked to decide what should be done in five common-place yet ethically complex situations, presented as scenarios for debate. Results The results show that while most occupational therapists share very general values, they frequently disagree about what to do in practice situations, often justifying their choices with different and sometimes conflicting specific values. In some cases, the same respondents espouse contradictory values in similar situations. Conclusion The extensive literature about decision-making – together with the study’s results – confirm that when occupational therapists make decisions, they draw on multiple factors, consciously and unconsciously. These factors vary between individuals. Value judgements are one part only of a complex process which includes personal experience, intuition, social influences, culture, psychological influences and relationships with both colleagues and clients.

Managerial perceptions of energy in logistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Busse ◽  
Alexander Regelmann ◽  
Hariganesh Chithambaram ◽  
Stephan M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Perceptions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Awareness Raising

Purpose Because of the major contribution of logistics to the greenhouse gas effect, logistics research has begun to address the topic of energy, but it has not yet targeted the role of energy within logistical decision-making processes. To facilitate such endeavors, the purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of energy which managers in logistics organizations portray. Design/methodology/approach This investigation is based on interviews with 17 managers. The findings are embedded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and stakeholder theory (SHT). Findings The study depicts initial insights on which energy-related perceptions exist, how they can be categorized into attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls (PBCs), and how different stakeholders seem to affect them. Research limitations/implications This research suggests a tentative comprehensive conceptual framework that describes the role of energy in logistical decision-making processes. The findings on attitudes and subjective norms appear to be unspecific to the logistics domain, whereas some of the PBCs are presumably unique to the logistics context. Future logistics research should hence focus its efforts on the PBCs. Generalizability and completeness of the managerial perceptions must be validated by future research. Practical implications The findings help logistics organizations in scrutinizing managerial perspectives on energy and in developing awareness-raising measures. Originality/value The behavioral perspective applied in this study can complement extant, more technically oriented views. The conceptual framework that integrates the TPB and SHT may also be useful for organizational research beyond the logistics domain.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED MODEL OF THE AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCT QUALITY ASSESSMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Hadi Amineh ◽  
Nataliya Kosach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
High Technologies

Issues on building an integrated model of the automotive product quality assessment are studied herein basing on widely applicable methods and models of the quality assessment. A conceptual model of the automotive product quality system meeting customer requirements has been developed. Typical characteristics of modern industrial production are an increase in the production dynamism that determines the product properties; a continuous increase in the volume of information required for decision-making, an increased role of knowledge and high technologies implementing absolutely new scientific and technical ideas. To solve the problem of increasing the automotive product quality, a conceptual structural and hierarchical model is offered to ensure its quality as a closed system with feedback between the regulatory, manufacturing, and information modules, responsible for formation of the product quality at all stages of its life cycle. The three module model of the system of the industrial product quality assurance is considered to be universal and to give the opportunity to explore processes of any complexity while solving theoretical and practical problems of the quality assessment and prediction for products for various purposes, including automotive.

scholarly journals The role of non-medical factors in physicians’ decision-making process in a pediatric telemedicine service

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1152-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motti Haimi ◽  
Shuli Brammli-Greenberg ◽  
Yehezkel Waisman ◽  
Nili Stein ◽  
Orna Baron-Epel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Telemedicine Service ◽  
Medical Factors ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

The complex process of medical decision-making is prone also to medically extraneous influences or “non-medical” factors. We aimed to investigate the possible role of non-medical factors in doctors’ decision-making process in a telemedicine setting. Interviews with 15 physicians who work in a pediatric telemedicine service were conducted. Those included a qualitative section, in which the physicians were asked about the role of non-medical factors in their decisions. Their responses to three clinical scenarios were also analyzed. In an additional quantitative section, a random sample of 339 parent -physician consultations, held during 2014–2017, was analyzed retrospectively. Various non-medical factors were identified with respect to their possible effect on primary and secondary decisions, the accuracy of diagnosis, and “reasonability” of the decisions. Various non-medical factors were found to influence physicians’ decisions. Those factors were related to the child, the applying parent, the physician, the interaction between the doctor and parents, the shift, and to demographic considerations, and were also found to influence the ability to make an accurate diagnosis and “reasonable” decisions. Our conclusion was that non-medical factors have an impact on doctor’s decisions, even in the setting of telemedicine, and should be considered for improving medical decisions in this milieu.

God and the World

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-86
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Abdulsater
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
The World

This chapter explains the conceptual framework of Murtaḍā’s system by detailing his views of God and the natural world. It presents a discussion of the major epistemological tools needed to construct an understanding of being, such as his view on the role of reason, the method of investigation and the need for evidence. Following is a study of the basic ontological claims that govern both divine and natural realms; atoms and accidents, the constitutive units of the world, are studied both as independent entities and as the basis for casual relations that govern all existents. The last part concentrates on God’s attributes, with emphasis on Murtaḍā’s efforts to create a coherent system to satisfy various conceptual requirements while still preserving the integrity of earlier Shiʿi doctrines. The key is his classification of attributes into essential and accidental, informed by the Muʿtazilī ‘Theory of States’. The chapter is divided into four sub-headings: Epistemological Sketch; Ontological Sketch; God’s Attributes; Theoretical Model

A value- and expectancy-based approach to understanding residents’ intended response to a wildfire threat

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona M. McNeill ◽  
Patrick D. Dunlop ◽  
Timothy C. Skinner ◽  
David L. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Fire Threat ◽  
Scenario Study

To motivate residents to evacuate early in case of a wildfire threat, it is important to know what factors underlie their response-related decision-making. The current paper examines the role of the value and expectancy tied to potential outcomes of defending vs evacuating on awareness of a community fire threat. A scenario study among 339 Western Australians revealed that residents intending to leave immediately on awareness of a community fire threat differ from those not intending to leave immediately in both value and expectancy. For one, intended leavers were more likely than those intending to defend their property to have children. Also, the data showed a trend towards intended leavers being less likely to have livestock. Furthermore, intended leavers placed less importance on the survival of their property than those with other expressed intentions. They also reported lower expectancies regarding the likelihood of achieving positive outcomes by defending than those intending to defend or wait and see before deciding what to do. Finally, intended leavers perceived it more likely that they would avoid harm to their pets by evacuating than those intending to defend throughout or wait and see. These findings have important implications for strategies to influence residents’ response-related decision-making.

Organisational learning and export performance of emerging market entrepreneurial firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F.L. Chung ◽  
Zhujun Ding ◽  
Xufei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Organisational Learning ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Nation Wide Survey

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate the resource-based view (RBV) with organisational learning theory by investigating the role of the RBV mechanism in the preceding performance-current performance linkage. The authors further examine the role of the decision-making approach on the RBV-prior-current performance paradigm. Using China as the research setting, they empirically test the theoretical model based on 229 firms selected from a nation-wide survey. Design/methodology/approach This study has used China as the research setting. The authors empirically test the theoretical model based on 229 firms selected from a nation-wide survey. Findings This study reveals that prior export performance is a key determinant of current export performance, and this effect is enhanced by product certification (an internal RBV mechanism) and the intention to make an initial public offering (and external RBV mechanism). Moreover, the internal RBV-prior-current performance paradigm is positively moderated by the delegated decision-making approach, while the external RBV-prior-current performance paradigm is negatively moderated by this decision-making approach. Research limitations/implications The results related to RBV and prior organisational learning also extends the extant literature and offer implications in two important ways. One, this research advances existing research that has only considered the direct effect of organisational learning on current performance ( Lages et al., 2008 ). In addition to its direct effect, this study suggests that the interplay of organisational learning and resource commitment also provides important determinants of export performance. These new results imply that future research should not only explore the effect of organisational learning theory but also that of firm resource in the research on the prior-current performance dyad ( Lages et al., 2008 ). Two, this study also advances the theoretical development of the export venture resource and management commitment research by revealing two new factors ( Cavusgil and Zou, 1994 ). As a result, when conducting exporting activity from an emerging economy, exporting firms should consider committing their resources on acquiring international certification and seeking external funding. These new findings provide new guidance on the choice of the type of resource commitments and their roles in the prior-current performance conceptualisation when operating in the emerging markets. Practical implications The results also contribute to the conceptualisation of the decision-making literature in the context of emerging economies ( Garnier, 1982 ; Kao, 1993 ; Redding, 1993 ; Solberg, 2000 ), where an owner decision-making approach is associated with a number of negative effects ( Kao, 1993 ; Redding, 1993 ). This study suggests that an owner decision-making approach can actually help firms to implement the effect of external RBV’s influence in the prior-current performance framework. As a result, the findings imply that researchers and managers of EMEFs should now consider including the effect of decision-making governance when exploring the interactive effect of RBV and organisational learning in export performance research ( Lages et al., 2008 ). Originality/value This three-way interaction results have implications for the development of organisational learning theory, the RBV, decision-making, export performance and emerging market literature.

Role of Institutional Ecosystem in Entrepreneurship Education: An Empirical Reiteration

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Mukesh ◽  
Rajasekharan Pillai K.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms

This study examines the influence of higher education institutions’ (HEIs’) ecosystem on entrepreneurship education (EE) and attempts to map the complex relationship between both. It also captures the actual practice of EE in HEIs. A two-stage empirical approach was used in the research design. Drawing upon literature, a conceptual framework was developed to relate HEIs’ ecosystem and EE in the first stage. This framework was tested with the data obtained from 264 academicians. The findings yielded eight factors of HEIs’ ecosystem and six factors of EE. In the second stage, opinion of 15 experts in the area of EE was sought to develop cause–effect relationships between the two constructs. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach was used to examine the cause–effect relationship. Findings indicate that entrepreneurship promotion activity and institutions’ attitude towards entrepreneurship is important causal factors leading to effective EE. The research contributes to literature by fusing two theoretical paradigms. The outcomes of the study have a strong implication for HEIs to build a conducive educational ecosystem for entrepreneurship development.

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