A Contrastive Analysis of Word-formation of NOUNS in English and Chinese

Babel ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Mary M.Y. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis

scholarly journals at-Tahlil Ghair at-Taqobul Litahlil al-Akhtha'

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mabruroh Mabruroh
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis

In learning Arabic, each student will experience difficulties in the learning process. The difficulties faced by these students will affect the process of acquiring and absorbing the knowledge channeled by the instructor. Some of the effects of these difficulties are the existence of errors in understanding the rules of writing letters (Imla '), the rules of compilation of sentences (Nahwu), the process of word formation and so forth. To overcome errors in language acquisition in learning Arabic, the theory of contrastive analysis and error analysis in learning Arabic was born. Contrative analysis aims to predict the difficulties students will face in the learning process. While error analysis aims to understand the nature of errors that occur. However, in fact error analysis is the result of reflection from contrastive analysis and complementary to one another in realizing effective Arabic learning.

Testing the acquisition of English productive and non-productive derivatives by native-Arabic speakers

1996 ◽  
Vol 113-114 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Nassir Saleh Al-qadi
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Learning English

Abstract Vocabulary development can be achieved by helping the foreign learner of English to acquire productivity and non-productivity in English derivation. In addition, the English productive derivatives should be given special attention in teaching to and learning by native-Arabic speakers because the Arabic language is a language of derivation and it is highly productive. This paper tests how the adult native-Arabic speakers learning English as a foreign language acquire English productive and non-productive derivatives. This will be done by comparing productivity in standard written Arabic and standard written English through contrastive analysis. The concept of contrastive analysis (CA) is initially called upon the fact that Arabic is a language of productive derivation while English is a language of more than one source of word-formation; borrowing, compounding and derivation. Moreover, productivity in English is not high. Secondly, morphology is subject to avoidance phenomenon by foreign learners. Hence, the predictive value of CA and also its testing in this paper should be very helpful for English teachers to native-Arabic speakers learning English and other foreign learners, language acquisition researchers, applied linguists, methodologists and textbook-writers.

scholarly journals The Use of Lexeme HEAD in English and Indonesian Compound Words: A Contrastive Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Truly Almendo Pasaribu ◽  
Danang Satria Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Common Word ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Compounding is a common word-formation process in Bahasa Indonesia (BI) and English (EN) as it can be found in constructions of the words headline, headmaster, and kepala berita, kepala sekolah in BI, which are widely used by the speakers of the languages. This study scrutinizes the constructions and the senses of lexeme HEAD and KEPALA from contrastive linguistic perspective. It aims at describing (1) The constructions of compound words containing lexeme HEAD and (2) the extended senses of lexeme HEAD in the compound word constructions in BI and EN. The data, taken from Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia and Cambridge Online Dictionary, were collected and analyzed using contrastive analysis. The data were collected and analyzed through observation and close reading techniques. The discussion highlighted the similarities and differences of the constructions and extended senses of compound words containing lexeme HEAD. In BI, lexeme kepala is combined with nouns, adjectives, while in English lexeme HEAD is combined with nouns, adjectives, gerunds, and prepositions. In BI the extended senses of lexeme head refer to leader, hair, the most important, the tip of things, and personality, while there are six extended senses in EN, namely leader, hair, the most important part, the tip of things, personality, and movement. The extensions show human creativity to produce and comprehend metaphors and metonymy in context to express ideas that are abstract with something more familiar and concrete

scholarly journals THE EXPRESSION OF GENERAL NEGATION IN BULGARIAN AND GERMAN THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Krasimira CHAKAROVA ◽  
Radostina KOLEVA
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Verbal Category ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Linguistic Means

The object of analysis in the present study are some characteristic features of the linguistic means expressing negation (and in particular – general negation) in two unrelated languages – Bulgarian and German. The paper presents a brief outline of the basic concepts of negation as a linguistic phenomenon, and a contrastive study of the specific linguistic means of its verbalization in the two languages, focusing on the cases of interlingual asymmetry. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of rich taxonomic material, excerpted from literary texts translated from German into Bulgarian and from Bulgarian into German. A number of arguments are presented in support of the thesis that in the contemporary Bulgarian language there is a process of grammaticalization of the verbal negation within an independent morphological verbal category, called existential status of the action (result of an action) or a state. In contrast, there is no single formal indicator of negation in German; there are no manifestations of synthetic forms, as for example – the Bulgarian auxiliary verbs няма and недей, and the degree of separability of the negative markers is high. In the final part of the study a conclusion is drawn that the linguistic concepts of general negation and status negation are not identical. The first one is semantic-syntactic and encompasses the cases in which the action of negation refers to the whole sentence. As for the status negation in the Bulgarian language, it means absence (negation) of an action (result of an action) or a state and is expressed morphologically – on the level of the verb word formation.

scholarly journals CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTICOMPONENT NEOLOGISMS IN MODERN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE: NEOLOGICAL ERGONOMICS

2018 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
O. V. Doubkova ◽  
M. V. Zakharova-Sarovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Front Line ◽  
New Name ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
Active Change ◽  
Active Formation ◽  
Modern Russian

Extra-linguistic factors in the languages of different typological systems require compressive means to express new names of  enterprises, which leads to active formation of complex ergonyms.  However, the types and models of composing remain the same.  There is an active change of their productivity, the previously  unimportant models of compounding come to the front line. The  analysis of the lexical material confirms the hypothesis that the well-known word-formation models are filled with new lexical content.  The character of the enterprise and the naming principles lead to the  formation of ergonyms that are different in structure and  semantics. The analysis has revealed a high percentage of  neologisms with abbreviations, foreign components and unusual  graphics. Speech game is widely used to create a unique name that  attracts the attention of potential customers. In addition, both  languages experience significant influence of English in the process  of naming of new objects. Naming principles (such as reflecting the  business profile, uniqueness and clarity of the name) are not  maintained when a new name is coined.

Word-Formation in the World's Languages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Stekauer ◽  
Salvador Valera ◽  
Livia Kortvelyessy
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation

His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Independent Model

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.

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