scholarly journals Is interpreting of China’s political discourse becoming more target-oriented?

Babel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan ◽  
Binhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Abstract Interpreting is an activity embedded in a particular socio-cultural context that underpins norms of interpreting. Adopting the descriptive translation studies approach, this study aims to find out whether the interpretation for the Chinese government by institutional interpreters is becoming more target-oriented in the decade of the 2010s in comparison with the 1990s. Through both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the Corpus of Interpreted Chinese Government Press Conferences in the 1990s and that of the 2010s, the study reveals that there is a significant increase in the total number of target-oriented shifts in the 2010s, manifested predominantly in “inserting hedges before propositional statements” and “modality shifts to attenuate ST’s categorical force.” Only minimal differences are found for the number of shifts in “explicitation of emphatic meanings,” “specification of Chinese source deictic lexis,” and “explicitation of implicit logic relations” between the two periods. The results thus indicate a general trend of becoming more target-oriented in interpreting, particularly a tendency to mitigate ST’s illocutionary force to a greater extent in the 2010s. Such changes in China’s institutional interpreting are correlated with the evolving socio-political context and the norms of institutional interpreting.

Descriptive translation studies: uma revisão crítica

Gragoatá ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Amaral Peixoto Martins
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies

O objetivo deste artigo e, em um primeiro momento, fazer uma breve revisão das principais contribuições do modelo teórico dos Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), desenvolvido em meados dos anos 70 por um grupo de estudiosos de Israel e dos Países Baixos preocupados com a estudo da literatura traduzida, para em seguida apontar alguns problemas e lacunas teóricas que não parecem ter sido satisfatoriamente resolvidos em posteriores refinamentos da teoria. A abordagem descritivista fundamenta-se nos seguintes pressupostos: (i) uma visão da literatura como um sistema dinâmico e complexo; (ii) a convicção de que deve haver uma interação permanente entre modelos teóricos e estudos de caso; (iii) uma abordagem da tradução literária de caráter descritivo (portanto, não normativa) e voltada para a texto-alvo, além de funcional e sistêmica; e (iv) um interesse pelas normas e coerções que governam a produção e a recepção de traduções, pela relação entre a tradução e outros tipos de reescritura e pelo lugar e função da literatura traduzida tanto num determinado sistema literário quanto na interação entre literaturas. Nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, a abordagem descritivista vem informando inúmeros estudos sabre o sistema de literatura traduzida de inúmeras culturas, principalmente europeias, mas ainda apresenta alguns problemas que precisam ser melhor trabalhados no âmbito da teoria. Entre estes, destacamos a risco de incorrer num “descritivismo” puro e simples, desprovido de uma elaboração crítica, e a relativa despreocupação em explicitar os fundamentos epistemológicos da teoria e em (re)definir conceitos importantes.

scholarly journals Inquiries on Cultural Markers in Translation

Tradterm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Francis Henrik Aubert
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Cultural Markers ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

In descriptive translation studies, the identification of cultural markers brings with it certain theoretical and methodological difficulties: the very conceptualization of the cultural marker; its subcategories, both linguistic and extra-linguistic; the appropriate procedures to carry out its identification. The present essay seeks to map the extent of these difficulties and make a number of proposals, yet to be tested in descriptive practice.

scholarly journals Textual Criticism, Translation Studies, and Symmachus’s Version in the Book of Job

Textus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Alison Salvesen
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Variant Reading ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies

Abstract The late second century CE translator/reviser Symmachus took a very different approach to the versions of his predecessor Aquila. His renderings do not appear to have survived in Jewish circles but were much admired by early Christian scholars, thanks to their preservation in Origen’s Hexapla. However, for textual critics of the Hebrew Bible Symmachus’ free approach has limited his value since his readings cannot be easily retroverted, unlike those of Aquila or Theodotion. In the case of the book of Job, although Symmachus’ “transformations” (to use a term from Descriptive Translation Studies) differ in nature from the freedoms observed in OG Job, while rejecting the narrow isomorphism of Aquila and Theodotion he nevertheless adheres quite closely to his Hebrew Vorlage. This offers the possibility of identifying elements significant for textual criticism in his rendering, including variant reading traditions or a different consonantal text.

scholarly journals Political context is associated with extent of everyday physiological synchrony in older couples

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 924-925
Author(s):  
Theresa Pauly ◽  
Karolina Kolodziejczak ◽  
Johanna Drewelies ◽  
Nilam Ram ◽  
Denis Gerstorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Couple Dynamics ◽  
Political Spectrum

Abstract Social units such as couples exist within a broader societal and cultural context. Characteristics of this macro-level context may indirectly shape couple dynamics by influencing opportunities and motivation for interdependence, e.g. through legislation and prevalent norms/values. The current study investigates the association between political context (left-right political spectrum) and physiological linkage (cortisol synchrony) in older couples’ daily lives. Older adult couples (N = 162) aged 56 to 89 years (M age = 72.3 years) and residing in Germany provided salivary cortisol samples 7 times daily for a 7-day period. Political context in which dyads lived was quantified with respect to where the federal state of residence was located on the left-right political spectrum using voting data from the 2017 federal election. Links between macro-context and extent of cortisol synchrony were examined using multilevel models, controlling for differences in diurnal rhythm, sex, age, body mass index, and individual-level political orientation. On average, there was evidence of synchrony in fluctuations in partners’ cortisol (b = 0.08, SE = 0.02, p < .001). The extent of cortisol synchrony was moderated by macro-context, such that couples living in a federal state placed further right on the left-right political spectrum exhibited greater cortisol synchrony (b = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p = .010). This new evidence provides a foundation for theorizing about and investigating how specific mechanisms contributing to political context, including family values, gender role attitudes, and laws supporting gender equality contribute to interpersonal linkages of physiological stress responses in daily life.

scholarly journals Mohammad in Archipelago: Spatializing Spirituality in Majelis Shalawat Syubbanul Muslimin in Kalikajar Probolinggo

2018 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Religious Landscape

Using Mohammad in Archipelago as a metaphor of the postmodern religious landscape, this article argues that Mohammad, a prophet of Muslim born in Mecca Saudi Arabia, has undoubtedly become a consumer item in shalawat council (Majelis Shalawat) practiced in many areas of Indonesia, including Probolinggo. This new religious phenomenon has been reproduced in line with the emergence of blurred negotiation between the profane and the sacred, and by the fact that religion is always posed in social life and in business life, shalawat practice also depends itself on the meaning and process making, or the certain socio-cultural context. This study sets the Majelis Shalawat Syubbanul Muslimin, located at Probolinggo, in relation with the ways they reproduced its penetration of religion vis-a-vis market economy. It also portrays how Syubbanul Muslimin produced a spatial order of certain followers since they have successfully practiced modes and techniques of production, consumption, and structuration of their own spiritual market. Additionally, it also contributes to the construction of charisma they have shaped by using the economic-political discourse of media.

scholarly journals Opportunity for marine fisheries reform in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Cao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Shuanglin Dong ◽  
Arthur Hanson ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Marine Resource ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Marine Resource Management

China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, launched in March 2016, provides a sound policy platform for the protection of marine ecosystems and the restoration of capture fisheries within China’s exclusive economic zone. What distinguishes China among many other countries striving for marine fisheries reform is its size—accounting for almost one-fifth of global catch volume—and the unique cultural context of its economic and resource management. In this paper, we trace the history of Chinese government priorities, policies, and outcomes related to marine fisheries since the 1978 Economic Reform, and examine how the current leadership’s agenda for “ecological civilization” could successfully transform marine resource management in the coming years. We show how China, like many other countries, has experienced a decline in the average trophic level of its capture fisheries during the past few decades, and how its policy design, implementation, and enforcement have influenced the status of its wild fish stocks. To reverse the trend in declining fish stocks, the government is introducing a series of new programs for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, with greater traceability and accountability in marine resource management and area controls on coastal development. As impressive as these new plans are on paper, we conclude that serious institutional reforms will be needed to achieve a true paradigm shift in marine fisheries management in China. In particular, we recommend new institutions for science-based fisheries management, secure fishing access, policy consistency across provinces, educational programs for fisheries managers, and increasing public access to scientific data.

Introduction: Transnational Film Remakes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Robert Smith ◽  
Constantine Verevis
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
Transnational Film

Film remakes are often dismissed within critical discourse as unoriginal, derivative and inferior to their source texts, yet this mode of critique takes on additional layers of meaning when films are remade transnationally as this process raises further issues surrounding national and/or ethnic identity and questions of cultural power. In order to investigate these kinds of complexities, this chapter focuses its attention on the phenomenon of transnational film remakes and the wider social and cultural issues that they raise. What happens when a film is remade in another national context? To what extent can a film embedded within one cultural context be adapted for another? How might a transnational perspective offer us a deeper understanding of a specific socio-political context, and of the politics underpinning film remaking more generally? Given the increasing emphasis on reworking existing material within global film (and screen) culture, there is a pressing need for scholarship to address this phenomenon in a rigorous and systematic way.

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