scholarly journals Substrates and Non-transportable Analogues Induce Structural Rearrangements at the Extracellular Entrance of the Glial Glutamate Transporter GLT-1/EAAT2

2008 ◽  
Vol 283 (39) ◽  
pp. 26391-26400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaogang Qu ◽  
Baruch I. Kanner
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter

Antisense knockdown of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 exacerbates hippocampal neuronal damage following traumatic injury to rat brain

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemuganti L. Raghavendra Rao ◽  
Aclan Dogan ◽  
Kellie K. Bowen ◽  
Kathryn G. Todd ◽  
Robert J. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Antisense Knockdown

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Memantine on Bergmann Glia and Purkinje Cells Morphology in Optogenetic Model of Neurodegeneration in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7822
Author(s):  
Anton N. Shuvaev ◽  
Olga S. Belozor ◽  
Oleg I. Mozhei ◽  
Elena D. Khilazheva ◽  
Andrey N. Shuvaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Bergmann Glia ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Gfap Immunoreactivity ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Spinocerebellar ataxias are a family of fatal inherited diseases affecting the brain. Although specific mutated proteins are different, they may have a common pathogenetic mechanism, such as insufficient glutamate clearance. This function fails in reactive glia, leading to excitotoxicity and overactivation of NMDA receptors. Therefore, NMDA receptor blockers could be considered for the management of excitotoxicity. One such drug, memantine, currently used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, could potentially be used for the treatment of other forms of neurodegeneration, for example, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). We previously demonstrated close parallels between optogenetically induced cerebellar degeneration and SCA1. Here we induced reactive transformation of cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) using this novel optogenetic approach and tested whether memantine could counteract changes in BG and Purkinje cell (PC) morphology and expression of the main glial glutamate transporter—excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1). Reactive BG induced by chronic optogenetic stimulation presented increased GFAP immunoreactivity, increased thickness and decreased length of its processes. Oral memantine (~90 mg/kg/day for 4 days) prevented thickening of the processes (1.57 to 1.81 vs. 1.62 μm) and strongly antagonized light-induced reduction in their average length (186.0 to 150.8 vs. 171.9 μm). Memantine also prevented the loss of the key glial glutamate transporter EAAT1 on BG. Finally, memantine reduced the loss of PC (4.2 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.2 vs. 4.1 ± 0.3 cells per 100 μm of the PC layer). These results identify memantine as potential neuroprotective therapeutics for cerebellar ataxias.

scholarly journals Regulation of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 by glutamate and δ-opioid receptor stimulation

FEBS Letters ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 425 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorleif Thorlin ◽  
Raymond S Roginski ◽  
Kanakendu Choudhury ◽  
Michael Nilsson ◽  
Lars Rönnbäck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Δ Opioid Receptor

Continuous versus intermittent theta burst stimulation in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a glutamate transporters study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Ninkovic ◽  
Mirjana Djukic ◽  
Bojana Mancic ◽  
Petar Milosavljevic ◽  
Ivana Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Theta Burst

Abstract Background: Synaptic overload with glutamate aggravates neurotransmission and worsen the progression of the neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats is a well-established animal model to study MS. Glutamate reuptake occurs by glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1), and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) localized predominantly in astrocytes terminals. The focus of the study addressing the expression of these transporters in EAE rats and those subjected to theta burst stimulation (TBS), that promotes long-lasting modulation of neuronal activity in rats/humans. Leading by the reported outcomes of TBS, we examined if TBS underlying mechanisms refer to astroglial glutamate transporters status.Methods : We studied changes in the expression of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in the spinal cord of EAE rats, subjected to intermittent (iTBS) and continuous (cTBS) theta burst stimulation. We quantified the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GFAP by immunofluorescence in control and experimental groups of Dark Agouti rats.Results: EAE elevated expression of GFAP, GLAST, and GLT-1. Both TBSs reduced the expression of GFAP. Continual TBS did not interfere with glutamate transporters in EAE rats, while iTBS decreased GLT-1, and increased GLAST.Conclusion: Continual TBS reduced astrogliosis more efficiently than iTBS, in EAE rats. Besides, it did not mitigate the glutamate transporters' expression; thus, glutamate reuptake remained upraised in cTBS exposed EAE rats. Accordingly, we concluded that cTBS might advance the remyelination of damaged neuronal cells in EAE rats. The future clinical trials on the treatment of MS may consider the data of this pre-clinical animal study.

scholarly journals Altered glial glutamate transporter expression in descending circuitry and the emergence of pain chronicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 174480691882504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Satoshi Imai ◽  
Shiping Zou ◽  
Jiale Yang ◽  
Mineo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Transporter Expression

scholarly journals Functional roles of the glial glutamate transporter (GLAST) in emotional and cognitive abnormalities of mice after repeated phencyclidine administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 914-924
Author(s):  
Mizuki Uchida ◽  
Hirotake Hida ◽  
Kentaro Mori ◽  
Akira Yoshimi ◽  
Shinji Kitagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter
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