scholarly journals Synergistic Transmembrane Alignment of the Antimicrobial Heterodimer PGLa/Magainin

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (43) ◽  
pp. 32089-32094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Tremouilhac ◽  
Erik Strandberg ◽  
Parvesh Wadhwani ◽  
Anne S. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Transmembrane Helix ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Lipid Ratio ◽  
First Case ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
T State

The antimicrobial activity of amphipathic α-helical peptides is usually attributed to the formation of pores in bacterial membranes, but direct structural information about such a membrane-bound state is sparse. Solid state 2H-NMR has previously shown that the antimicrobial peptide PGLa undergoes a concentration-dependent realignment from a surface-bound S-state to a tilted T-state. The corresponding change in helix tilt angle from 98 to 125° was interpreted as the formation of PGLa/magainin heterodimers residing on the bilayer surface. Under no conditions so far, has an upright membrane-inserted I-state been observed in which a transmembrane helix alignment would be expected. Here, we have demonstrated that PGLa is able to assume such an I-state in a 1:1 mixture with magainin 2 at a peptide-to-lipid ratio as low as 1:100 in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol model membranes. This 2H-NMR analysis is based on seven orientational constraints from Ala-3,3,3-d3 substituted in a non-perturbing manner for four native Ala residues as well as two Ile and one Gly. The observed helix tilt of 158° is rationalized by the formation of heterodimers. This structurally synergistic effect between the two related peptides from the skin of Xenopus laevis correlates very well with their known functional synergistic mode of action. To our knowledge, this example of PGLa is the first case where an α-helical antimicrobial peptide is directly shown to assume a transmembrane state that is compatible with the postulated toroidal wormhole pore structure.

scholarly journals Ancestral reconstruction of mammalian FMO1 enables structural determination, revealing unique features that explain its catalytic properties

2020 ◽  
pp. jbc.RA120.016297
Author(s):  
Gautier Bailleul ◽  
Callum Robert Nicoll ◽  
Maria Laura Mascotti ◽  
Andrea Mattevi ◽  
Marco W. Fraaije
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Transmembrane Helix ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Ancestral Reconstruction ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Membrane Bound Enzymes ◽  
Related Compounds

Mammals rely on the oxidative flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) to detoxify numerous and potentially deleterious xenobiotics; this activity extends to many drugs, giving FMOs high pharmacological relevance. However, our knowledge regarding these membrane-bound enzymes has been greatly impeded by the lack of structural information. We anticipated that ancestral sequence recon¬struction could help us identify protein sequences that are more amenable to structural analysis. As such, we hereby reconstructed the mammalian ancestral protein sequences of both FMO1 and FMO4, denoted as AncFMO1 and AncFMO4, respectively. AncFMO1, sharing 89.5 % sequence identity with human FMO1, was successfully expressed as functional enzyme. It displayed typical FMO activity as demonstrated by oxygenating benzydamine, tamoxifen and thioanisole, drug-related compounds known to be also accepted by human FMO1, and both NADH and NADPH cofactors could act as electron donors, a feature only described for the FMO1 paralogs. AncFMO1 crystallized as a dimer and was structurally resolved at 3.0 Å resolution. The structure harbors typical FMO aspects with the FAD and NAD(P)H binding domains and a C-terminal transmembrane helix. Intriguingly, AncFMO1 also contains some unique features, including a significantly porous and exposed active site, and NADPH adopting a new conformation with the 2’-phosphate being pushed inside the NADP+ binding domain instead of being stretched out in the solvent. Overall, the ancestrally reconstructed mammalian AncFMO1 serves as the first structural model to corroborate and rationalize the catalytic properties of FMO1.

Structural Characterization of Complex Bacterial Glycolipids by Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kondakov ◽  
Buko Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Multiphoton Dissociation ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function

Bacterial glycolipids are complex amphiphilic molecules which are, on the one hand, of utmost importance for the organization and function of bacterial membranes and which, on the other hand, play a major role in the activation of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system of the host. Already small alterations to their chemical structure may influence the biological activity tremendously. Due to their intrinsic biological heterogeneity [number and type of fatty acids, saccharide structures and substitution with for example, phosphate ( P), 2-aminoethyl-(pyro)phosphate groups ( P-Etn) or 4-amino-4-deoxyarabinose (Ara4N)], separation of the different components are a prerequisite for unequivocal chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance structural analyses. In this contribution, the structural information which can be obtained from heterogenous samples of glycolipids by Fourier transform (FT) ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric methods is described. By means of recently analysed complex biological samples, the possibilities of high-resolution electrospray ionization FT-MS are demonstrated. Capillary skimmer dissociation, as well as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis utilizing collision-induced dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation, are compared and their advantages in providing structural information of diagnostic importance are discussed.

Interaction of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide with a model bilayer platform mimicking bacterial membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 04E404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Niu ◽  
Thorsten Wohland ◽  
Wolfgang Knoll ◽  
Ingo Köper
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Bacterial Membranes

Interactions of the Antimicrobial Peptide Maculatin 1.1 and Analogues with Phospholipid Bilayers

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Fernandez ◽  
Marc-Antoine Sani ◽  
Frances Separovic
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Helical Content ◽  
Lipid System ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Mixed Bilayer

The interactions of the antimicrobial peptide, maculatin 1.1 (GLFGVLAKVAAHVVPAIAEHF-NH2) and two analogues, with model phospholipid membranes have been studied using solid-state NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Maculatin 1.1 and the P15G and P15A analogues displayed minimal secondary structure in water, but with zwitterionic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles displayed a significant increase in α-helical content. In mixed phospholipid vesicles of DMPC and anionic dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), each peptide was highly structured with ~80% α-helical content. In DMPC vesicles, the native peptide displayed moderate head group interaction and significant perturbation of the lipid acyl chains. In DMPC/DMPG vesicles, maculatin 1.1 promoted formation of a DMPG-enriched phase and moderately increased disorder towards acyl chain ends of DMPC in the mixed bilayer. Both analogues showed reduced phospholipid head group interactions with DMPC but displayed significant interactions with the mixed lipid system. These effects support the preferential activity of these antimicrobial peptides for bacterial membranes.

scholarly journals X-ray structures of catalytic intermediates of cytochrome c oxidase provide insights into its O2 activation and unidirectional proton-pump mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (17) ◽  
pp. 5818-5833
Author(s):  
Atsuhiro Shimada ◽  
Yuki Etoh ◽  
Rika Kitoh-Fujisawa ◽  
Ai Sasaki ◽  
Kyoko Shinzawa-Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Transmembrane Helix ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Proton Pumping ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Network ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Intermediates ◽  
Bond Network

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) reduces O2 to water, coupled with a proton-pumping process. The structure of the O2-reduction site of CcO contains two reducing equivalents, Fea32+ and CuB1+, and suggests that a peroxide-bound state (Fea33+–O−–O−–CuB2+) rather than an O2-bound state (Fea32+–O2) is the initial catalytic intermediate. Unexpectedly, however, resonance Raman spectroscopy results have shown that the initial intermediate is Fea32+–O2, whereas Fea33+–O−–O−–CuB2+ is undetectable. Based on X-ray structures of static noncatalytic CcO forms and mutation analyses for bovine CcO, a proton-pumping mechanism has been proposed. It involves a proton-conducting pathway (the H-pathway) comprising a tandem hydrogen-bond network and a water channel located between the N- and P-side surfaces. However, a system for unidirectional proton-transport has not been experimentally identified. Here, an essentially identical X-ray structure for the two catalytic intermediates (P and F) of bovine CcO was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. A 1.70 Å Fe–O distance of the ferryl center could best be described as Fea34+ = O2−, not as Fea34+–OH−. The distance suggests an ∼800-cm−1 Raman stretching band. We found an interstitial water molecule that could trigger a rapid proton-coupled electron transfer from tyrosine-OH to the slowly forming Fea33+–O−–O−–CuB2+ state, preventing its detection, consistent with the unexpected Raman results. The H-pathway structures of both intermediates indicated that during proton-pumping from the hydrogen-bond network to the P-side, a transmembrane helix closes the water channel connecting the N-side with the hydrogen-bond network, facilitating unidirectional proton-pumping during the P-to-F transition.

scholarly journals In Silico Study of the Mechanism of Binding of the N-Terminal Region of α Synuclein to Synaptic-Like Membranes

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Navarro-Paya ◽  
Maximo Sanz-Hernandez ◽  
Alfonso De Simone
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Presynaptic Protein

The membrane binding by α-synuclein (αS), a presynaptic protein whose aggregation is strongly linked with Parkinson’s disease, influences its biological behavior under functional and pathological conditions. This interaction requires a conformational transition from a disordered-unbound to a partially helical membrane-bound state of the protein. In the present study, we used enhanced coarse-grained MD simulations to characterize the sequence and conformational determinants of the binding to synaptic-like vesicles by the N-terminal region of αS. This region is the membrane anchor and is of crucial importance for the properties of the physiological monomeric state of αS as well as for its aberrant aggregates. These results identify the key factors that play a role in the binding of αS with synaptic lipid bilayers in both membrane-tethered and membrane-locked conformational states.

scholarly journals Interaction of antimicrobial peptide Plantaricin149a and four analogs with lipid bilayers and bacterial membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luiz de Souza Lopes ◽  
Denise Cavalcante Hissa ◽  
Vânia Maria Maciel Melo ◽  
Leila Maria Beltramini
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Bacterial Membranes

scholarly journals Proteomic Adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the Antimicrobial Peptide Human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD3) in Comparison to Other Cell Surface Stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexander Mücke ◽  
Anne Ostrzinski ◽  
Sven Hammerschmidt ◽  
Sandra Maaß ◽  
Dörte Becher
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Surface Stresses

The antimicrobial peptide human Beta defensin 3 (hBD3) is an essential part of the innate immune system and is involved in protection against respiratory pathogens by specifically permeabilizing bacterial membranes. The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious diseases including pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia, despite being frequently exposed to human defense molecules, including hBD3 during colonization and infection. Thus, the question arises how pneumococci adapt to stress caused by antimicrobial peptides. We addressed this subject by analyzing the proteome of S. pneumoniae after treatment with hBD3 and compared our data with the proteomic changes induced by LL-37, another crucial antimicrobial peptide present in the human respiratory tract. As antimicrobial peptides usually cause membrane perturbations, the response to the membrane active cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was examined to assess the specificity of the pneumococcal response to antimicrobial peptides. In brief, hBD3 and LL-37 induce a similar response in pneumococci and especially, changes in proteins with annotated transporter and virulence function have been identified. However, LL-37 causes changes in the abundance of cell surface modification proteins that cannot be observed after treatment with hBD3. Interestingly, CTAB induces unique proteomic changes in S. pneumoniae. Though, the detergent seems to activate a two-component system that is also activated in response to antimicrobial peptide stress (TCS 05). Overall, our data represent a novel resource on pneumococcal adaptation to specific cell surface stresses on a functional level. This knowledge can potentially be used to develop strategies to circumvent pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobial peptides.

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