scholarly journals The Methyl-CpG-binding Protein MeCP2 Links DNA Methylation to Histone Methylation

2002 ◽  
Vol 278 (6) ◽  
pp. 4035-4040 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fuks ◽  
Paul J. Hurd ◽  
Daniel Wolf ◽  
Xinsheng Nan ◽  
Adrian P. Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Mecp2

The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 and neurological disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Bird
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Mecp2 Gene ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Protein Mecp2

The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 was discovered over 15 years ago as part of a search for proteins that selectively bind methylated DNA. It is a nuclear protein that is largely chromatin-bound and has a strong preference for binding to methylated DNA sequences in vivo. Evidence from model systems shows that MeCP2 can recruit the Sin3a co-repressor complex to promoters leading to transcriptional repression, therefore suggesting that MeCP2 can interpret the DNA methylation signal to bring about gene silencing. Mutations in the human MECP2 gene cause the autism spectrum disorder Rett Syndrome. MeCP2 is most highly expressed in neurons, and mice lacking this protein show symptoms that strikingly parallel those of Rett patients. Surprisingly, these symptoms are efficiently reversed by delayed activation of a ‘stopped’ Mecp2 gene, raising hopes that human Rett syndrome may also be reversible. Future studies of MeCP2 promise to shed light upon brain function, neurological disease and the biology of DNA methylation.

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors modulate histone methylation: epigenetic crosstalk between H3K4me3 and DNA methylation during sperm differentiation

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liliana Burlibaşa ◽  
Alina-Teodora Nicu ◽  
Carmen Domnariu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase Inhibitors ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Advanced Stages

Summary The process of cytodifferentiation in spermatogenesis is governed by a unique genetic and molecular programme. In this context, accurate ‘tuning’ of the regulatory mechanisms involved in germ cells differentiation is required, as any error could have dramatic consequences on species survival and maintenance. To study the processes that govern the spatial–temporal expression of genes, as well as analyse transmission of epigenetic information to descendants, an integrated approach of genetics, biochemistry and cytology data is necessary. As information in the literature on interplay between DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in the advanced stages of murine spermatogenesis is still scarce, we investigated the effect of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, at the cytological level using immunocytochemistry methodology. Our results revealed a particular distribution of H3K4me3 during sperm cell differentiation and highlighted an important role for regulation of DNA methylation in controlling histone methylation and chromatin remodelling during spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals The major histocompatibility complex class II promoter-binding protein RFX (NF-X) is a methylated DNA-binding protein.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6810-6818 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Y Zhang ◽  
N Jabrane-Ferrat ◽  
C K Asiedu ◽  
S Samac ◽  
B M Peterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Dna Binding Protein ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Mammalian Protein

A mammalian protein called RFX or NF-X binds to the X box (or X1 box) in the promoters of a number of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II genes. In this study, RFX was shown to have the same DNA-binding specificity as methylated DNA-binding protein (MDBP), and its own cDNA was found to contain a binding site for MDBP in the leader region. MDBP is a ubiquitous mammalian protein that binds to certain DNA sequences preferentially when they are CpG methylated and to other related sequences, like the X box, irrespective of DNA methylation. MDBP from HeLa and Raji cells formed DNA-protein complexes with X-box oligonucleotides that coelectrophoresed with those containing standard MDBP sites. Furthermore, MDBP and X-box oligonucleotides cross-competed for the formation of these DNA-protein complexes. DNA-protein complexes obtained with MDBP sites displayed the same partial supershifting with an antiserum directed to the N terminus of RFX seen for complexes containing an X-box oligonucleotide. Also, the in vitro-transcribed-translated product of a recombinant RFX cDNA bound specifically to MDBP ligands and displayed the DNA methylation-dependent binding of MDBP. RFX therefore contains MDBP activity and thereby also EF-C, EP, and MIF activities that are indistinguishable from MDBP and that bind to methylation-independent sites in the transcriptional enhancers of polyomavirus and hepatitis B virus and to an intron of c-myc.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications During Sex Change Repress Gonadotropin Stimulation of Cyp19a1a in a Teleost Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 2881-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shen Zhang ◽  
Zhixin Liu ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Weimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gonadal Differentiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract In vertebrates, cytochrome P450 aromatase, encoded by cyp19a1, converts androgens to estrogens and plays important roles in gonadal differentiation and development. The present study examines whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in cyp19a1a expression and subsequent gonadal development in the hermaphroditic ricefield eel. The expression of the ricefield eel cyp19a1a was stimulated by gonadotropin via the cAMP pathway in the ovary but not the ovotestis or testis. The CpG within the cAMP response element (CRE) of the cyp19a1a promoter was hypermethylated in the ovotestis and testis compared with the ovary. The methylation levels of CpG sites around CRE in the distal region (region II) and around steroidogenic factor 1/adrenal 4 binding protein sites and TATA box in the proximal region (region I) were inversely correlated with cyp19a1a expression during the natural sex change from female to male. In vitro DNA methylation decreased the basal and forskolin-induced activities of cyp19a1a promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that histone 3 (Lys9) in both regions I and II of the cyp19a1a promoter were deacetylated and trimethylated in the testis, and in contrast to the ovary, phosphorylated CRE-binding protein failed to bind to these regions. Lastly, the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine reversed the natural sex change of ricefield eels. These results suggested that epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and histone deacetylation and methylation may abrogate the stimulation of cyp19a1a by gonadotropins in a male-specific fashion. This may be a mechanism widely used to drive natural sex change in teleosts as well as gonadal differentiation in other vertebrates.

The Emerging Role of Epigenetic Methylation in Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wen ◽  
Hong-liu Yang ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Ping Fu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Epigenetic Methylation

: Kidney disease has complex and multifactorial pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic methylation changes, namely DNA methylation, histone methylation and non-histone methylation, are strongly implicated in various forms of kidney diseases. This review provides a perspective on the emerging role of epigenetic methylation in kidney disease, including the effects of DNA methylation in diverse promoter regions, regulation and implication of histone methylation, and recent advances and potential directions related to non-histone methylation. Monitoring or targeting epigenetic methylation has potential to contribute to development of therapeutic approaches for multiple kidney diseases.

scholarly journals DNA methylation pathways and their crosstalk with histone methylation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamu Du ◽  
Lianna M. Johnson ◽  
Steven E. Jacobsen ◽  
Dinshaw J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Methylation
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