scholarly journals Protein-disulfide Isomerase Regulates the Thyroid Hormone Receptor-mediated Gene Expression via Redox Factor-1 through Thiol Reduction-Oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. 1706-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Hashimoto ◽  
Susumu Imaoka
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Protein Disulfide Isomerase ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Disulfide Isomerase ◽  
Protein Disulfide

scholarly journals The thyroid hormone receptor gene (c-erbA alpha) is expressed in advance of thyroid gland maturation during the early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5079-5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Banker ◽  
J Bigler ◽  
R N Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Xenopus Development

The c-erbA proto-oncogene encodes the thyroid hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor which plays an important role in vertebrate growth and development. To define the role of the thyroid hormone receptor in developmental processes, we have begun studying c-erbA gene expression during the ontogeny of Xenopus laevis, an organism in which thyroid hormone has well-documented effects on morphogenesis. Using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) as a sensitive assay of specific gene expression, we found that polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA is present in Xenopus cells at early developmental stages, including the fertilized egg, blastula, gastrula, and neurula. By performing erbA alpha-specific PCR on reverse-transcribed RNAs from high-density sucrose gradient fractions prepared from early-stage embryos, we have demonstrated that these erbA transcripts are recruited to polysomes. Therefore, erbA is expressed in Xenopus development prior to the appearance of the thyroid gland anlage in tailbud-stage embryos. This implies that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play ligand-independent roles during the early development of X. laevis. Quantitative PCR revealed a greater than 25-fold range in the steady-state levels of polyadenylated erbA alpha RNA across early stages of development, as expressed relative to equimolar amounts of total embryonic RNA. Substantial increases in the levels of erbA alpha RNA were noted at stages well after the onset of zygotic transcription at the mid-blastula transition, with accumulation of erbA alpha transcripts reaching a relative maximum in advance of metamorphosis. We also show that erbA alpha RNAs are expressed unequally across Xenopus neural tube embryos. This differential expression continues through later stages of development, including metamorphosis. This finding suggests that erbA alpha/thyroid hormone receptors may play roles in tissue-specific processes across all of Xenopus development.

scholarly journals Repression of Cardiac Phospholamban Gene Expression Is Mediated by Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α1 and Involves Targeted Covalent Histone Modifications

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 2946-2956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madesh Belakavadi ◽  
Jason Saunders ◽  
Noah Weisleder ◽  
Preethi S. Raghava ◽  
Joseph D. Fondell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Covalent Histone Modifications

scholarly journals Protein Disulfide Isomerase Modulates the Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. O. Campos ◽  
Tabata R. Doratioto ◽  
Natalia B. Videira ◽  
Helder V. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Fernanda A. H. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Protein Disulfide Isomerase ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Disulfide Isomerase ◽  
Protein Disulfide

scholarly journals NCoR1-independent mechanism plays a role in the action of the unliganded thyroid hormone receptor

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (40) ◽  
pp. E8458-E8467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Mendoza ◽  
Inna Astapova ◽  
Hiroaki Shimizu ◽  
Molly R. Gallop ◽  
Lujain Al-Sowaimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Bona Fide

Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is considered to be the major corepressor that mediates ligand-independent actions of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) during development and in hypothyroidism. We tested this by expressing a hypomorphic NCoR1 allele (NCoR1ΔID), which cannot interact with the TR, in Pax8-KO mice, which make no thyroid hormone. Surprisingly, abrogation of NCoR1 function did not reverse the ligand-independent action of the TR on many gene targets and did not fully rescue the high mortality rate due to congenital hypothyroidism in these mice. To further examine NCoR1’s role in repression by the unliganded TR, we deleted NCoR1 in the livers of euthyroid and hypothyroid mice and examined the effects on gene expression and enhancer activity measured by histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation. Even in the absence of NCoR1 function, we observed strong repression of more than 43% of positive T3 (3,3′,5-triiodothyronine) targets in hypothyroid mice. Regulation of approximately half of those genes correlated with decreased H3K27 acetylation, and nearly 80% of these regions with affected H3K27 acetylation contained a bona fide TRβ1-binding site. Moreover, using liver-specific TRβ1-KO mice, we demonstrate that hypothyroidism-associated changes in gene expression and histone acetylation require TRβ1. Thus, many of the genomic changes mediated by the TR in hypothyroidism are independent of NCoR1, suggesting a role for additional signaling modulators in hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Overexpression of thyroid hormone receptor beta1 is associated with thyrotropin receptor gene expression and proliferation in a human thyroid carcinoma cell line

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Chen ◽  
HY Shieh ◽  
JD Lin ◽  
KS Chang ◽  
KH Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor ◽  
Tshr Gene

To correlate the differentiation phenotype of two human thyroid cancer cell lines with their expression of various molecular markers, we analyzed the mRNA levels of four thyroid-specific genes, including thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and paired-box containing transcription factor-8 (PAX-8) genes. The results showed a differentiation-status-related pattern in which a well-differentiated cell line (WRO) expressed all the four genes, in contrast to an anaplastic cell line (ARO) that expressed TTF-1 and reduced levels of TSHR, but no Tg or PAX-8 genes. Furthermore, to verify the finding of concomitant loss of beta subtype thyroid hormone receptor (TRbeta) and TSHR gene expression in neoplastic thyroid tumors (Bronnegard et al. 1994), we examined the expression levels of TRbeta1 gene in these cell lines. Whereas the WRO cells produced an abundant amount of TRbeta1 protein detectable by immunoprecipitation, the ARO cells produced none. This new observation prompted us to investigate whether overexpression of TRbeta1 protein in ARO cells might produce changes in the differentiation phenotypes. We found that the level of expression of the TSHR gene and the proliferative index of ARO cells were significantly upregulated in the cells stably transfected with wild-type TRbeta1. These findings suggest that TRbeta1 protein overexpression can affect the differentiation phenotypes and induce more efficient cell proliferation of the anaplastic ARO cells.

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