scholarly journals Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors (Tnfr) in Mouse Fibroblasts Deficient in Tnfr1 or Tnfr2 are Signaling Competent and Activate the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway with Differential Kinetics

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (45) ◽  
pp. 28097-28104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kalb ◽  
Horst Bluethmann ◽  
Mark W. Moore ◽  
Werner Lesslauer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Kinase Pathway ◽  
Necrosis Factor

scholarly journals The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)-Activated Protein Kinases MK2 and MK3 Cooperate in Stimulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Biosynthesis and Stabilization of p38 MAPK

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ronkina ◽  
A. Kotlyarov ◽  
O. Dittrich-Breiholz ◽  
M. Kracht ◽  
E. Hitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT MK2 and MK3 represent protein kinases downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Deletion of the MK2 gene in mice resulted in an impaired inflammatory response although MK3, which displays extensive structural similarities and identical functional properties in vitro, is still present. Here, we analyze tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and expression of p38 MAPK and tristetraprolin (TTP) in MK3-deficient mice and demonstrate that there are no significant differences with wild-type animals. We show that in vivo MK2 and MK3 are expressed and activated in parallel. However, the level of activity of MK2 is always significantly higher than that of MK3. Accordingly, we hypothesized that MK3 could have significant effects only in an MK2-free background and generated MK2/MK3 double-knockout mice. Unexpectedly, these mice are viable and show no obvious defects due to loss of compensation between MK2 and MK3. However, there is a further reduction of TNF production and expression of p38 and TTP in double-knockout mice compared to MK2-deficient mice. This finding, together with the observation that ectopically expressed MK3 can rescue MK2 deficiency similarly to MK2, indicates that both kinases share the same physiological function in vivo but are expressed to different levels.

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