scholarly journals Role of Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy protein (ELOVL4) in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (35) ◽  
pp. 12843-12848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-P. Agbaga ◽  
R. S. Brush ◽  
M. N. A. Mandal ◽  
K. Henry ◽  
M. H. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Macular Dystrophy ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiang Ma ◽  
Reshma Vasu ◽  
Hu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated disease involving multiple pathogenic factors. The complex relationships between long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and the morbidity of IBD drive numerous studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of LCFAs in IBD will substitute or boost the current IBD therapies, thereby obtaining mucosal healing. In this review, we focused on the roles of LCFAs on the important links of inflammatory regulation in IBD, including in the pathogen recognition phase and in the inflammatory resolving phase, and the effects of LCFAs on immune cells in IBD.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of long-chain fatty acids absorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
A. Kh. Kade ◽  
A. I. Trofimenko ◽  
P. P. Polyakov ◽  
L. R. Gusaruk ◽  
O. P. Ishevskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Binding Proteins ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The article presents about the role of several lipid-binding proteins expressed by the small intestine brush border membrane in the main steps of intestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids and about changes in lipid profile caused by failed absorbtion. The system literature search is performed on Scopus databases, Web of Science, MedLine.

scholarly journals Increased Accumulation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids by Dynamic Degradation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Mucor circinelloides

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Syed Ammar Hussain ◽  
Alexis Garcia ◽  
Md. Ahsanul Kabir Khan ◽  
Shaista Nosheen ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Concerns about global warming, fossil-fuel depletion, food security, and human health have promoted metabolic engineers to develop tools/strategies to overproduce microbial functional oils directly from renewable resources. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs, C8–C12) have been shown to be important sources due to their diverse biotechnological importance, providing benefits ranging from functional lipids to uses in bio-fuel production. However, oleaginous microbes do not carry native pathways for the production of MCFAs, and therefore, diverse approaches have been adapted to compensate for the requirements of industrial demand. Mucor circinelloides is a promising organism for lipid production (15–36% cell dry weight; CDW) and the investigation of mechanisms of lipid accumulation; however, it mostly produces long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). To address this challenge, we genetically modified strain M. circinelloides MU758, first by integrating heterologous acyl-ACP thioesterase (TE) into fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex and subsequently by modifying the β-oxidation pathway by disrupting the acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) and/or acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) genes with a preference for medium-chain acyl-CoAs, to elevate the yield of MCFAs. The resultant mutant strains (M-1, M-2, and M-3, respectively) showed a significant increase in lipid production in comparison to the wild-type strain (WT). MCFAs in M-1 (47.45%) was sharply increased compared to the wild type strain (2.25%), and it was further increased in M-2 (60.09%) suggesting a negative role of ACOX in MCFAs production. However, MCFAs in M-3 were much decreased compared to M-1,suggesting a positive role of ACOT in MCFAs production. The M-2 strain showed maximum lipid productivity (~1800 milligram per liter per day or mg/L.d) and MCFAs productivity (~1100 mg/L.d). Taken together, this study elaborates on how the combination of two multidimensional approaches, TE gene over-expression and modification of the β-oxidation pathway via substantial knockout of specific ACOX gene, significantly increased the production of MCFAs. This synergistic approach ultimately offers a novel opportunity for synthetic/industrial biologists to increase the content of MCFAs.

scholarly journals Sphingolipids with Very Long-chain Fatty Acids Regulate Vacuole Fusion During Tethering and Docking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan R. Hurst ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Thomas D.D. Kazmirchuk ◽  
David A. Rivera-Kohr ◽  
Christopher L. Brett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Vacuole Fusion ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThe role of sphingolipids in controlling the endolysosomal membrane trafficking remains unclear. Here, we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae sphingolipids containing very long-chain fatty-acids (VLCAs) promote homotypic vacuolar fusion. Yeast that lack the C26 VLCA elongase Elo3p display morphological and vacuolar abnormalities. Vacuoles isolated from these cells displayed reduced levels of in vitro fusion, which we traced to a block in tethering and docking. We found that C26 VLCFA deficient yeast mislocalize fusion markers, and the small GTPases Rho1p and Ypt7p fail to selectively concentrate at the boundary and vertex domains of vacuoles isolated from these yeasts. Surprisingly, we only observed mild changes to the localization of other regulatory lipids, but membrane fluidity and solubility was significantly altered. Taken together, these results suggest that sphingolipids containing C26 VLCFAs act as regulatory lipids in the homotypic vacuolar fusion cascade by assembling membrane microdomains that promote the protein and lipid machinery required for the tethering and docking of vacuoles.SummaryMany sphingolipids contain very-long chain fatty-acids with 26 carbons. The deletion of Elo3, the elongase that adds the final two carbons results in pleiotropic effects that negatively alter membrane fusion at the tethering and docking stages.

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