Relationship Between Survival Rate and Survival-Time of Rabbits, Oryctolagus-Cuniculus (L), Challenged With Myxoma Virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
The Mean

The mean survival times of small groups of rabbits challenged with myxoma virus have been used to estimate survival rates and to allocate virulence grades to field strains of myxoma virus. The slope of the regression Line relating survival percentage to mean survival time in days was shown to be less steep than has been previously estimated. This overestimation of the regression slope has, in the past, resulted in most field strains of myxoma virus being allocated to the Grade III level of virulence when allocation to Grade I would have been more appropriate.

Effect of Intravenous Iron in Experimental Traumatic Shock

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-556
Author(s):  
Donn L. Smith ◽  
Irvin I. Kibbey ◽  
Max E. Bierwagen ◽  
J. R. Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean

Intravenous administration of colloidal saccharated iron oxide prior to intestinal traumatization in the albino rat resulted in a significant reduction of the mean survival time. Sodium gold thiosulfate and colloidal manganese hydroxide employed in the same manner did not significantly alter mean survival times. ACTH and cortisone did not modify the deleterious effects of iron in experimental traumatic shock. A decrease in soluble liver iron was observed when traumatization followed the injection of iron. It was concluded that the reduction of mean survival time in iron injected, traumatized animals was due to a specific action of iron and is not the result of generalized heavy metal toxicity.

Virulence of Strains of Myxoma Virus and the Resistance of Wild Rabbits, Oryctolagus-Cuniculus (L), From Different Locations in Australasia

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parer ◽  
WR Sobey ◽  
D Conolly ◽  
R Morton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Innate Resistance

Wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), caught at six locations in Australia and one in New Zealand in 1976-80, were bred in Canberra and their offspring (n=1392) challenged with seven strains of myxoma virus. Innate resistance varied between locations and was higher in rabbits from inland Australia. The virulence (lethality) of the myxoma strains in the rabbits from the different localities was not correlated with mean survival times. As the correlation between survival time and virulence has previously been the basis for the allocation of virulence grades by survival times, it is suggested that the virulence of field strains may be different from, and higher than, published results. On the basis of survival rates of unselected New Zealand wild rabbits the field strains collected in 1973-78 were allocated virulence grades of I and II.

CLO19-061: Clinical Features and Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients With Esophagus Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3.5) ◽  
pp. CLO19-061
Author(s):  
Weihui Zheng ◽  
Weimin Mao ◽  
Jianlin Lou
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Metachronous Cancer ◽  
Esophagus Cancer ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study investigated the clinical and prognostic characteristics of head and neck cancer in patients with esophagus cancer. Methods: Information on 124 patients with head and neck cancer with esophagus cancer was collected from head and neck and thoracic surgery departments between January 2007 and December 2016 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. The incidence of synchronous and metachronous cancer was described. The clinical characteristics and prognosis were also compared in synchronous and metachronous cancer. The number of hospitalization and different treatments were analyzed the affection on the survival time. Results: 32 cases were synchronous cancer and 72 cases were metachronous cancer. The rate of surgery and the number of hospitalization were significantly different in synchronous and metachronous cancer (χ2=4.661; P<.05). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 39.9%, 19.9%, and15.2%, respectively in patients with synchronous cancer and the mean survival time was 18.4±6.2 months. In contrast, the survival rates were 78.7%, 77.8%, and 59.1% respectively in metachronous cancer and the mean survival time was 122.2±17.2 months. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=10.934; P=.001). The number of hospitalizations greater than or equal to 5 times were significantly different from those with less than 5 times (χ2=10.574; P=.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of OS by single operation, chemotherapy, and target treatment. The P value was only slightly less than .05 in the radiation therapy. Conclusions: Head and neck cancer in patients with esophagus cancer have a high survival rate through active combined-modality therapies, especially in metachronous carcinoma.

Survival benefit of repeat liver resections for recurrent colorectal metastases: 143 cases. Association Francaise de Chirurgie.

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1491-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Nordlinger ◽  
J C Vaillant ◽  
M Guiguet ◽  
P Balladur ◽  
F Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Colorectal Metastases ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Liver Resections ◽  
The Mean

PURPOSE Resection is the only chance for cure in patients with colorectal liver metastases (LM). Five-year survival rates are close to 25%. Unfortunately, recurrences occur in most patients. Some recurrent LM are technically resectable. The aim of this study was to determine the risks and benefits of repeat resections for recurrent LM. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 130 patients who received 143 repeat liver resections for recurrent LM were collected. In 116 patients, only the liver was involved, while 14 had both liver and extrahepatic recurrences. RESULTS In the first group, the operative mortality and morbidity rates were 0.9% and 24.7%, respectively. Two- and 3-year survival rates were 57% and 33%, respectively. Recurrences were observed in 66% of patients. Twelve patients underwent a third hepatectomy for recurrence. The mortality rate was nil, and the mean survival time was 12.5 months. In the group with liver and extrahepatic metastases, the operative mortality and morbidity rates were 0% and 25%. The mean survival time was 16 months. Eleven patients died and 13 had recurrences during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Some hepatic recurrences after surgical excision of colorectal metastases can be resected with a low operative risk and with a long-term survival rate similar to that obtained after first resections. This emphasizes the need for a careful follow-up after hepatectomy for colorectal metastases to detect resectable recurrences.

scholarly journals P1345CATHETER FAILURE AND MORTALITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH THE TUNNELLED-CUFFED CATHERTER TIP POSITIONED IN THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Cheng ◽  
Shen-Ju Gou ◽  
Jing Yi ◽  
Qian Ren ◽  
Tian-Lei Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims For patients with multiple central vein obstruction (CVO) and exhausted all options for arteriovenous accesses, how to establish a new effective vascular access is an urgent problem, and the key point to solve this problem is where to locate the tip of catheter. This study focused on these patients and investigated the safety and efficient of tunnelled cuffed catheter (TCC) with the tip placed in the inferior vena cava (IVC). Method Thirty-three maintenance haemodialysis patients with vascular access malfunction presented to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from March 2013 to December 2016 were included in this retrospective study and followed up until their catheter failure or death or until June 30, 2019. The short-term efficacy and safety of the procedure placing TCC tip in IVC were observed. The survival rates of TCC with catheter tip in IVC and patients were analysed. Results All thirty-three patients achieved adequate blood flow to complete the first session of haemodialysis after catheterization procedure and no obvious complications, such haemorrhage, arrhythmia and pulmonary embolism. The mean survival time of the TCC with catheter tip in IVC was 58.5 (95% CI 48.8–63.4) months by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The survival rates of TCC with catheter tip in IVC were 87, 83, 75, 71% in 1, 2, 3, 4 years, respectively. The highest incidence of catheter dysfunction was at 12 months after catheterization. The mean survival time of patients was 56.2 (95% CI 46.9–65.4) months by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The patient survival rates were 88, 82, 70, 67 % in 1, 2, 3, 4 years, respectively. The highest mortality was at 12 months after catheterization. Conclusion Our study suggested that placement of the tunnelled-cuffed catheter tip in the IVC was safety and efficacy in the end-stage haemodialysis patients who has exhausted vascular resources with CVO. The TCC with tip in the IVC was feasible to be a long-term vascular access for these patients.

scholarly journals Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A Retrospective Study of 14 Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Zhu ◽  
Liming Gao ◽  
Yunxiao Meng ◽  
Wenwen Diao ◽  
Xiaoli Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Atypical Carcinoid ◽  
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Typical Carcinoid ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs) are rare and highly heterogeneous which present a wide spectrum of pathological and clinical manifestations. Fourteen patients with histologically demonstrated LNEC were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The 14 cases were classified into 3 subtypes: typical carcinoid in 2, atypical carcinoid in 5, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in 7. The mean survival time of the 14 patients in this study was 112.5 months (95% CI, 81.5–143.6). Surgeries were performed for 2 patients of typical carcinoid, and they were alive with no evidence of recurrence after 24 and 47 months of follow-ups. Patients in the atypical carcinoid group were treated with surgeries and postoperative radiotherapy. After 58.4 months of follow-ups (range: 9–144), 2 patients showed no evidence of disease and 1 was lost to follow-up after 72 months. The other 2 patients died of other unrelated diseases. In the small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma group, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was applied. The mean survival time was 79.7 months (95% CI, 37.9–121.4), and the 5-year survival rate was 53.6%. In conclusion, the clinical behaviors, treatment protocols, and prognosis are different for each subtype of LNECs.

A permutation test based on the restricted mean survival time for comparison of net survival distributions in non-proportional excess hazard settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1612-1623
Author(s):  
Anna Wolski ◽  
Nathalie Grafféo ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Net Survival ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Restricted Mean Survival Time ◽  
Type Test

Net survival is used in epidemiological studies to assess excess mortality due to a given disease when causes of death are unreliable. By correcting for the general population mortality, it allows comparisons between regions or periods and thus evaluation of health policies. The Pohar-Perme non-parametric estimator of net survival has been recently proposed, soon followed by an appropriate log-rank-type test. However, log-rank tests are known to be under-optimal in non-proportional settings (e.g. crossing of the hazard functions). In classical survival analysis, one solution is to compare the restricted mean survival times. A difference in restricted mean survival time represents a life benefit or loss over the studied period. In the present article the restricted mean net survival time was used to derive a specific test statistic to compare net survivals in proportional and non-proportional hazards settings. The new test was generalized to more than two groups and to stratified analysis. The test performance was assessed on simulation study, compared to the log-rank-type test, and its use illustrated on a population-based colorectal cancer registry. The new test for net survival comparisons proved robust to non-proportionality and well-performing in proportional hazards situations. Furthermore, it is also suited to the classical survival framework.

The probability that the largest observation is censored

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 602-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Maller ◽  
S. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Consistent Estimator ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Practical Difficulty ◽  
Independent Censoring ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Suppose n possibly censored survival times are observed under an independent censoring model, in which the observed times are generated as the minimum of independent positive failure and censor random variables. A practical difficulty arises when the largest observation is censored since then the usual non-parametric estimator of the distribution of the survival time is improper. We calculate the probability that this occurs and give necessary and sufficient conditions for this probability to converge to 0 as n →∞. As an application, we show that if this probability is 0, asymptotically, then a consistent estimator for the mean failure time can be found. An almost sure version of the problem is also considered.

scholarly journals Big End Double-Layer Stents for the Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Caused by Stomach Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ding Shi ◽  
Dong Wu ◽  
Yongpan Liu ◽  
Feng Ji ◽  
Yinsu Bao
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Gastric Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Distal Gastric Cancer ◽  
The Mean

Objectives. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of the big end double-layer uncovered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) for the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) caused by distal stomach cancer.Methods. Seventy three patients receiving big end double-layer uncovered SEMS for the treatment of GOO caused by distal gastric cancer will be included in this multicenter prospective clinical trial. The main outcome measures included the functional outcome, the complications, the reinterventional rates, the average treatment charges, and the mean survival time. Monthly telephone calls were needed to assess the food intake until the patients died.Results. The technical and the clinical success rates were 98.6%. The stent obstruction caused by tumor ingrowth was observed in one patient (1.4%). The incidence of food impaction was 2.9% (2/70) and the reinterventional rate was 4.3% (3/70). However, stent migration and obstruction caused by overgrowth were not observed. No perforation and severe bleeding were observed. The median cost of endoscopic stenting and total hospitalization (including reinterventions) for the big end double-layer uncovered SEMS in this study was $2945 and $3408, respectively. The mean survival time was 212.5 days.Conclusions. The placement of big end double-layer uncovered SEMS is a safe and effective modality and has the potential to be one of the options for the treatment of GOO caused by the distal gastric cancer.

scholarly journals A Combination of UTMD-Mediated HIF-1α shRNA Transfection and TAE in the Treatment of Hepatic Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangying Liao ◽  
Haibo Luo ◽  
Zhizhong He ◽  
Yongpei Kuang ◽  
Peifen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Cancer ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean

To explore the antitumor effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α short hairpin RNA (HIF-1α shRNA) delivered by ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on rats with hepatic cancer. After the models of transplantation hepatoma were established, Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group, UTMD group, TAE group, and UTMD+TAE group. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to monitor tumor size on day 14 after four different treatments. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were applied to measure the protein level of HIF-1α and VEGF in the hepatic cancer tissue. In comparison with UTMD+TAE group (21.25±10.68 days), the mean survival time was noticeably shorter in the Control group and TAE group (13.02±4.30 days and 15.03±7.32 days) (p<0.05, respectively). There was no statistical difference between UTMD+TAE group and UTMD group of the mean survival time (p>0.05). In addition, our results proved that the tumor sizes in UTMD+TAE group were obviously smaller than those in other groups (p<0.05, respectively). By CEUS, we clearly found that the tumor size was the smallest on day 14 in the UTMD+TAE group. The western blotting and immunohistochemistry results proved that the protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in UTMD+TAE group were obviously lower than those in TAE group and Control group on days 7 and 14 (p<0.05, respectively). However, there was no statistical difference between UTMD+TAE group and UTMD group (p>0.05). In this study we tried to explore the antitumor effect through a combination of UTMD-mediated HIF-1α shRNA transfection and TAE on rats with hepatic cancer. Our results showed that UTMD-mediated HIF-1α shRNA transfection and TAE can obviously silence HIF-1α and VEGF expression, thereby successfully inhibiting the growth of the tumor.

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