Factors Influencing Flight Activity of Colonies of the Stingless Bee Trigona-Carbonaria (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Heard ◽  
JK Hendrikz
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Diel Pattern ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Trigona Carbonaria

Temporal patterns of flight activity and influence of climatic variables on activity of colonies of the potentially useful crop pollinator, Trigona carbonaria Smith, were investigated. Colonies of T. carbonaria were active all the year at the experimental site but the daily activity period was longer in the warmer months. Intensity of daily flight activity was greatest in September and least in May. Temperature and radiation were the most important variables affecting flight activity. They impose thresholds on activity, with flight occurring only at temperatures greater than 18-degrees-C and radiation greater than 15 W m-2. Temperature and radiation also influence the intensity of activity above the thresholds. Relative humidity, vapour pressure, cloud cover and wind speed had no significant effect. A variable measuring the hours from daily peak of activity was significantly correlated with flight activity, indicating an intrinsic diel pattern of activity. Daily variation in flight activity, representing the influence of unmeasured variables, was also significant.

scholarly journals Daily activity of four tropical intertidal hermit crabs from Southeastern Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turra ◽  
M. R. Denadai
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Intertidal Flat ◽  
Circadian Activity

This study describes the daily activity in a simulated high tide situation of four species of hermit crabs (Pagurus criniticornis, Clibanarius antillensis, C. sclopetarius, and C. vittatus) that coexist in an intertidal flat in southeastern Brazil. Observations were done in two-hour intervals during two subsequent days (48 h) in three replicate pools with thirty crabs each. Among species (between and within genera) there was an evident variation in activity patterns, of which three could be distinguished. The circadian activity patterns of C. antillensis and C. vittatus could be characterized as evening and nocturnal, with resting peaks during the morning and afternoon. The circadian activity pattern of C. sclopetarius was characterized by two marked peaks of inactivity, corresponding to dawn and evening, which could represent an intrinsic association with the semi-lunar tidal cycles of the study area. Pagurus criniticornis showed high activity not influenced by day/night conditions during the entire observed period. These activity pattern variations of the studied hermit crabs should be taken into account in designing further experiments. More precise and accurate interspecific behavioral comparisons among species could be achieved in nocturnal experiments, the high activity period of all species.

scholarly journals Responses to climatic factors by foragers of Plebeia pugnax Moure (in litt.) (Apidae, Meliponinae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. HILÁRIO ◽  
V. L. IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA ◽  
A. de M. P. KLEINERT
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Recorded Data

Flight activity of Plebeia pugnax Moure (in litt.) was studied in six colonies coming from Cunha, SP, from July to October 1994. Twice a week, from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., for 5 minutes every half-hour, all the bees entering and leaving the hives were counted. Six hundred counts were made and the materials that foragers carried were recorded. Data were analysed in relation to temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and day time. Foragers' flight activity was relatively constant in a wide range of temperature, from 22°C to 34°C. The minimum temperature for the beginning of flight activity was 14°C. Effective flight activity (when foragers of all colonies were leaving the hives) occurred at 15°C. These bees also flew within a wide range of relative humidity, from 30% to 100%, decreasing slowly after 50%. Flight activity increased as light intensity rose and it has also increased as the hours passed by, reaching a peak around midday and decreasing gradually afterwards. Pollen was collected all day long, while resin collection was relatively constant and debris transportation was slightly higher after 10:00 h. From all known Plebeia species, this one flew on the lowest temperature ever registered for this genus.

Testosterone and Daily Activity Period in Laboratory-Housed Mountain Spiny Lizards, Sceloporus jarrovi

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Klukowski ◽  
Betty Ackerson ◽  
Craig E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Sceloporus Jarrovi

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Nitrogenase Activity (Acetylene Reduction) by Root Nodules of Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. C. Nambiar ◽  
P. J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Reduction Assay

Abstract Acetylene reduction assay, used to measure nitrogenase activity of legume root nodules, is influenced by environmental factors, which limit its application. The effects of some of the environmental factors on acetylene reduction by groundnut root nodules are described. The activity was nonlinear during the first hour of incubation. Assay temperature above 25 C decreased the activity. Washing the nodulated roots prior to the assay also decreased the activity. The activity was influenced by light intensity, soil moisture, and moisture content in the incubation bottle. Diurnal fluctuation with one maximum and one minimum activity period during a 24 hour cycle was observed. Nitrogenase activity was higher during the postrainy season compared to that of the rainy season. A virginia cultivar Kadiri-71 had higher nitrogenase activity than a dwarf valencia cultivar, MH 2.

scholarly journals Extreme Effects of Season on the Foraging Activities and Colony Productivity of a Stingless Bee (Melipona asilvaiMoure, 1971) in Northeast Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Lima do Nascimento ◽  
Fabio Santos Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Colony Productivity

This study reports the influence of season on foraging activities and internal colonial parameters ofMelipona asilvaiin an Atlantic forest area of northeast Brazil. We used video cameras connected to a PC to monitor all departures and returns of foragers and the types of materials they carried. Foraging activities decreased almost 90% from dry to rainy seasons, but temperature and humidity were not the main factors influencing departures. Observed honey storage and an extreme cutback in activities during the rainy period suggest a seasonal diapause in this species.

scholarly journals Flight activity and colony strength in the stingless bee Melipona bicolor bicolor (Apidae, Meliponinae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. HILÁRIO ◽  
V. L. IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA ◽  
A. de M. P. KLEINERT
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
General State ◽  
Pollen Collection ◽  
Melipona Bicolor ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Number Of Cells

Flight activity of Melipona bicolor bicolor, coming from Cunha (23º05'S, 44º55'W), Atlantic Forest, was studied in ten colonies, and in two periods: from July to September 1993 and from August to September 1995. The colonies were grouped in weak, medium and strong, according to the diameter of the combs, which can provide a good idea of the number of cells built. 855 observations were accomplished for 5 minutes, every half-hour, from 8 to 18 hours. The total number of bees that entered and left the hive and the number of bees that arrived with mud, pollen and resin, besides the number that went out with debris in that period were counted. It was also registered the temperature and the relative humidity of the air. The total external activity, as well as pollen collection, was maximum in the first hours of the morning, mainly in strong colonies. Weak colonies moved their maximum activity approximately to 12 hours. Pollen collection declined gradually, while mud and resin collection rose; removal of debris was greater in the beginning of the morning and in the end of the afternoon. Flight activity increased as relative humidity of the air rose, being optimum for strong colonies in the range between 80%-89%, and for the weakest colonies between 70%-79%. The minimum temperature observed for exit of the bees was 11ºC, with optimum temperatures ranging between 17ºC and 22ºC. The results showed that the general state of the colony influences the different strategies of food collection and that these bees should be adapted to environments of high relative humidity as the Atlantic forest.

Characterization of microsatellite loci for Trigona carbonaria , a stingless bee endemic to Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Green ◽  
Pierre Franck ◽  
Benjamin P. Oldroyd
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Trigona Carbonaria

Diel and annual variation in plasma cortisol concentrations among wild and captive harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Gardiner ◽  
Ailsa J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Diel Pattern ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Juvenile Males

Annual and diel changes in plasma cortisol concentrations were investigated among wild and captive harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) of various sex and age classes. No significant effects of age, sex, or season were found in captive animals. However, significant inter-individual differences between two juvenile males were noted during both the breeding/molt (p = 0.041) and postbreeding/postmolt (p = 0.001) seasons. Seasonal and sex- and age-related differences were found among wild harbor seals. Across all sex and age categories, mean cortisol concentrations during the postbreeding and prebreeding seasons were significantly different from those measured during the breeding season (p = 0.014 and p = 0.038, respectively), but did not differ from each other. When each sex and age group was examined separately, seasonal effects were significant for mature females (p = 0.009) and mature males (p = 0.048). Differences in plasma cortisol concentration between captive and wild animals of the same sex during the same seasons were highly significant, particularly in mature animals (between p < 0.0001 and p = 0.035). There was a diel pattern of plasma cortisol concentrations in samples collected from captive animals over a 24-h period. Mean concentrations differed between samples collected during the hours of light and dark, being highest at night (p = 0.009), peaking around 01:00, and dropping again at around 13:00. Annual and diel patterns of plasma cortisol concentrations occur in harbor seals, and seasonal differences may relate to important physiological and behavioral phases in the harbor seals' annual cycle.

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