Comparative Dimensions of Testes, Epididymides and Spermatozoa of Australian Dingoes (Canis-Familiaris-Dingo) and Domestic Dogs (Canis-Familiaris-Familiaris) - Some Effects of Domestication

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Woodall ◽  
P Pavlov ◽  
LK Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis ◽  
Free Ranging

The dimensions of testes, epididymides and spermatozoa of Australian dingoes (Canis familiaris dingo) and a sample of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris familiaris), chosen to lie within the range of dingo body weights, were compared. There were no significant differences for body weight or testis weight but total epididymal weight, the caput + corpus weights and sperm numbers in the cauda epididymidis were significantly larger in dogs. Dimensions of the spermatozoa were similar for dogs and dingoes except for a small but significantly larger head length in dingoes. Seminiferous tubule diameters were significantly larger in dingoes and epididymal tubule diameters were similar in dogs and dingoes except for significantly wider tubules in the cauda of dogs. The estimated length of tubules in the total epididymis and in the cauda was significantly greater in dogs than in dingoes. Greater size of the epididymis and especially of the cauda epididymidis probably reflect selection for larger sperm stores in free-ranging domestic dogs where there is a greater chance of intermale sperm competition. Two possible hybrids (determined by skull morphometry) were intermediate between dogs and dingoes for some of these dimensions.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal dynamics of space use by free‐ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris in rural Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared K. Wilson‐Aggarwal ◽  
Cecily E.D. Goodwin ◽  
Tchonfienet Moundai ◽  
Metinou K. Sidouin ◽  
George J.F. Swan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Free Ranging

Comparative performance of Omani goats and sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. S. Al-Nakib ◽  
E. S. S. Al-Shukaily ◽  
S. S. S. Al-Hanai ◽  
S. A. M. Al-Nabhani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Performance Trial

SUMMARYAs part of a long-term breeding programme aimed at improving the performance of Omani goats and sheep, a 3-year performance trial was carried out between 1991 and 1993 to evaluate the reproductive and productive performance of three breeds of goat: Batinah (BT), Dhofari (DH) and Jabal Akhdar (JA), and one breed of local Omani sheep. In each year, flushing started on 1 September, mating started on 1 October and terminated on 15 November, and the kidding/lambing season started on average on 1 March. Kids and lambs were weaned at c. 3 months of age, then put on a 3-month performance test, fed on concentrates ad libitum and Rhodes grass hay. Some 3706 dam and 3011 progeny performance records were available over a 3-year period from 1991 to 1993. Ewes were lighter in body weight and lower in litter size weaned but higher in fertility than the does. Although the lambs had lighter birth weights, they were heavier at weaning and at 6 months of age. Among the goats, the DH does had lighter body weight but higher litter size weaned than both the BT and the JA goats. DH kids were somewhat lighter at birth, weaning and 6-month body weights than the other two breeds but had higher survival.The sheep had higher output per ewe exposed (3·28 kg, 33%) and per ewe lambed (3·27 kg, 26%) and were 35% more efficient in production than the goats. Although the DH goats had a lower output per doe exposed than the BT and JA goats (0·9 kg, 9 % and 0·76 kg, 7% respectively) and per doe kidded (1·11 kg, 9% and 1·29 kg, 10%), they had higher efficiency of production than both BT (0·05 units, 6%) and JA (0·11 units, 14%).In view of these results, attention should be paid to the sheep industry through the introduction of promotion schemes. The DH goats would be even more useful if involved in a crossbreeding scheme and the JA goats would benefit from selection for maternal care.

Studies on Growth Performance and Genetic Parameters of Three Varieties of Domesticated Japanese Quail

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Monika ◽  
J J Rokade ◽  
R Narayan ◽  
V K Saxena ◽  
Snehasmita Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mortality Percentage

The quantitative genetic study involving a pure line mating of 160 pairs of three varieties of domesticated Japanese quails (CARI-Ujjawal; CARI-Suneheri and CARI-Brown) were maintained under individual pedigree cages for breeding. A total of 6221 quail chicks from three hatches comprising three varieties were used for this study. Among them, CARI-Ujjawal has higher hatchability with less rearing mortality percentage. CARI-Ujjawal had highest (plessthan0.01) body weight at all ages when compared to the other two varieties. The heritability estimates on body weight (0-5 weeks) among the varieties range from low to moderate in all the three varieties. The positive correlation was observed among all the varieties at different ages. High genetic correlations between body weights at early as well as later ages confirms that selection for body weight at early ages would improve body weight at later (maturity) ages. Amongst all, CARI-Suneheri was having better heritability values and during further generations of selections it performed also well to improve because of its better heritability. Also from above results this variety could be recommended for broiler quail breeding after field testing.

Selection for weaning weight in Merino sheep. 3. Maintenance requirements and the efficiency of conversion of feed to wool in mature ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
WA Pattie ◽  
AJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Net and gross efficiencies of wool growth have been estimated for ewes from three Trangie selection flocks, one selected for high weaning weight (Weight Plus), one for low weaning weight (Weight Minus), and a random control flock. Weight Plus ewes had 15 and 11 per cent heavier body weights than Weight Minus ewes at maintenance and unlimited levels of feeding respectively. At each level, feed intake was proportional to body weight both between and within flocks. In addition, the feed costs of a unit gain and loss of body weight were the same for each flock at each level of feeding. The Weight Plus ewes grew 7 and 10 per cent more wool than Weight Minus ewes at maintenance and unlimited levels of feeding. Consequently, there was only a small difference between the flocks in efficiency of conversion of feed to wool at maintenance, and there was no difference on unlimited intake. These results indicate that there is no genetic correlation between weaning weight and efficiency of conversion of feed to wool. At the three levels of controlled feeding (543, 725, 902 grams of dry matter a day) there were no differences in gross efficiency of wool growth, either between flocks or between levels within flocks, despite differing changes in body weight. During unlimited feeding, gross efficiency of wool growth was lower than that during controlled feeding. This was due to a reduced response in wool growth, as feed costs per unit body weight change were constant. As both production and feed intake changed in proportion to body weight, it is concluded that attention to weaning weight has little place in a Merino breeding program aimed at increasing wool production. However, selection for high weaning weight may be a useful tool in selecting ewes for crossbreeding because of the associated increases in milk production and lamb growth rate.

scholarly journals Two-way within-family and mass selection for 8-week body weight in different mouse populations

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines von Butler ◽  
Henning Willeke ◽  
Franz Pirchner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYTwo mouse populations, randombred albino mice and a cross of four inbred strains, were divergently selected for high (H8) and low (L8) 8-week body weight over 18 generations using within-family and individual selection. The crossbreds showed asymmetry of selection response and realized heritabilities (H8 0·29 ± 0·01; L8 0·17 ± 0·01). In the randombred population realized heritabilities were symmetrical (H8 0·23 ± 0·01; L8 0·22 ± 0·02). Over the first nine generations individual selection was nearly 40 per cent better than within-family selection, as was expected from the full sib correlation in both populations. As selection progressed, within-family selection reached 82% and 61% of the responses obtained with individual selection in the crossbreds and randombred respectively. Correlated responses for 3-week (weaning) and 5-week body weights agreed with observations made on direct responses, but selection for L8 did not reduce weaning weight. Selection for L8 decreased and selection for H8 increased first litter size at birth. However, mass-selected L8-pairs had a higher life-reproduction and life-span than H8-pairs.

scholarly journals Effects of selection for independent changes in two highly correlated body weight traits of mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McCarthy ◽  
D. P. Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Independent Culling ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Highly Correlated

SUMMARYMice were selected for high and low body weight at 5 and at 10 weeks of age. Selection was performed (1) separately for each trait, and (2) for various combinations of the two traits, using (a) independent culling levels and (b) restricted indices. Two-way selection for each trait separately gave large responses and correlated responses. Selection by independent culling levels intended to increase 5-week weight while restricting change in 10-week weight gave no demonstrable response; selection by culling levels intended to decrease 5-week weight while restricting change in 10-week weight resulted in decreases in body weights at both ages. Index selection, intended to change weight at one age while holding that at the other age constant, was generally successful. Observed responses did not conform very well with predicted responses for either index or culling levels selection. The significance of these observations in regard to the problem of selection involving restriction of traits is discussed.

Predicted and realized responses to selection for an index of bone length and body weight in Scottish Blackface sheep 2. Correlated responses in lifetime productivity

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Atkins ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACTA selection experiment with Scottish Blackface sheep was used to compare predicted and realized correlated responses to selection. Three lines were maintained between 1956 and 1974 in which selection was either at random or for high and low values of an index of cannon-bone length at 8 weeks of age adjusted for body weight at the same age.There was no evidence of asymmetrical responses in any trait. Selection for increased cannon-bone length, adjusted for body weight, resulted in (i) increased body weights at all ages between birth and maturity, (ii) increased reproduction rate, principally from increased litter size but also from small responses in ewe fertility and lamb survival and (iii) decreased survival of adult ewes. The realized genetic correlations were relatively small (up to 0·3) but mostly significantly different from zero, whereas base population genetic correlation estimates were very imprecise. The realized responses in reproduction rate were probably a consequence of the genetic response in body weight.

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