Influence of High-Temperatures on the Survival of Rhopalosiphum-Padi (L) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Irrigated Perennial Grass Pastures in South-Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Debarro ◽  
DA Maelzer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
C 32

A field experiment in a perennial grass pasture showed that the survival of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was reduced when aphids were exposed to air temperatures of at least 36-degrees-C (32-degrees-C at the base of the sward). The longevity, rate of reproduction and fecundity of individuals also declined as the exposure temperature and duration of exposure increased. The results of the field experiment were later corroborated by sampling an aphid population every 4-6 days over summer and regressing aphid numbers on daily maximum temperature and duration of exposure to temperature. A model is proposed to estimate the numbers of aphids that survive in refuge areas over summer in relation to temperature-induced mortality.

scholarly journals The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on dailyCampylobactercases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MILAZZO ◽  
L. C. GILES ◽  
Y. ZHANG ◽  
A. P. KOEHLER ◽  
J. E. HILLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYCampylobacterspp. is a commonly reported food-borne disease with major consequences for morbidity. In conjunction with predicted increases in temperature, proliferation in the survival of microorganisms in hotter environments is expected. This is likely to lead, in turn, to an increase in contamination of food and water and a rise in numbers of cases of infectious gastroenteritis. This study assessed the relationship ofCampylobacterspp. with temperature and heatwaves, in Adelaide, South Australia.We estimated the effect of (i) maximum temperature and (ii) heatwaves on dailyCampylobactercases during the warm seasons (1 October to 31 March) from 1990 to 2012 using Poisson regression models.There was no evidence of a substantive effect of maximum temperature per 1 °C rise (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·995, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·993–0·997) nor heatwaves (IRR 0·906, 95% CI 0·800–1·026) onCampylobactercases. In relation to heatwave intensity, which is the daily maximum temperature during a heatwave, notifications decreased by 19% within a temperature range of 39–40·9 °C (IRR 0·811, 95% CI 0·692–0·952). We found little evidence of an increase in risk and lack of association betweenCampylobactercases and temperature or heatwaves in the warm seasons. Heatwave intensity may play a role in that notifications decreased with higher temperatures. Further examination of the role of behavioural and environmental factors in an effort to reduce the risk of increasedCampylobactercases is warranted.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Temperature Weather on Human Sleep Quality and Appetite

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhong Zheng ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Yajing Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Meal Time ◽  
C 32

High-temperature weather appears in high frequency, big strength, and long duration in the summer. It is therefore important to study the effects of high-temperature weather on sleep quality and appetite. Ten healthy college students were selected as subjects. The experiment conditions were divided by the daily maximum temperature into 28 °C, 32 °C, 36 °C, and 38 °C. The objective sleep quality was measured by an intelligent sleep monitoring belt, and the subjective sleep quality was measured by a questionnaire survey. The subjective appetites were assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS), and the objective appetites were assessed by the meal weight and the meal time. For sleep quality, the objective results indicated that the sleep quality at 32 °C was the best, followed by 28 °C, while the sleep quality at 36 °C and 38 °C was the worst. Significant effects were mainly reflected in sleep duration and shallow sleep. The subjective results showed that temperature had significant effects on sleep calmness, difficulty in falling asleep, sleep satisfaction, and sleep adequateness. For appetite, the VAS results indicated that high temperatures mainly led to a reduction of appetite at lunch time. The meal weights of lunch were larger than those of supper except for 28 °C, and the meal time of lunch and supper was longer than that of breakfast. The meal time of lunch was longer than that of supper except for 36 °C. This paper can provide a study method and reference data for the sleep quality and appetite of human in high-temperature weather.

Seasonal analysis of warm extreme events in Serbia from 1949 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Tosic ◽  
Suzana Putniković ◽  
Milica Tošić
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Extreme Temperature Events ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Novi Sad

<p>Worldwide studies revealed a general increase in frequency and severity of warm extreme temperature events. In this study, extreme temperature events including Heat waves (HWs) are examined. Extreme indices are calculated based on daily maximum temperature (Tx). The following definitions are employed: SU - number of days with Tx > 25 °C, umber of days with Tx > 90<sup>th</sup> percentile, and WSDI - number of days in intervals of at least six consecutive days for which Tx is higher than the calendar day 90<sup>th</sup> percentile. Daily values of air temperatures from 11 meteorological stations distributed across Serbia were used for the period 1949–2017.</p><p>Trends of extreme temperature events and their frequencies are examined. The period 1949–2017 are characterised by a warming of extreme temperature indices (SU, Tx90, HWs). It is found that maximum air temperatures increased at all stations, but statistically significant at 6 stations in winter, 4 stations in summer and two stations in spring. The average number of SU per station was between 63.1 in Novi Sad to 73.5 in Negotin during the summer season. Significant increase of SU is recorded in summer for 10 out of 11 stations. Positive trends of SU and Tx90 are observed for all stations and seasons, except in Novi Sad. The average number of Tx90 is about 9 for all stations in all seasons. The longest heat waves prevailed in 2012, but the most severe are recorded in 2007. Increasing of warm extreme events in Serbia are in agreement with studies for different regions of the world.</p>

scholarly journals Modeling and projecting health-relevant combined ozone and temperature events in present and future Central European climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Jahn ◽  
Elke Hertig
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Meridional Winds

Abstract Statistical models to evaluate the relationships between large-scale meteorological conditions, prevailing air pollution levels and combined ozone and temperature events, were developed during the 1993–2012 period with Central Europe as regional focus. Combined ozone and temperature events were defined based on the high frequency of coinciding, health-relevant elevated levels of daily maximum tropospheric ozone concentrations (based on running 8-h means) and daily maximum temperature values in the peak ozone and temperature season from April to September. By applying two different modeling approaches based on lasso, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression mean air temperatures at 850 hPa, ozone persistence, surface thermal radiation, geopotential heights at 850 hPa, meridional winds at 500 hPa, and relative humidity at 500 hPa were identified as main drivers of combined ozone and temperature events. Statistical downscaling projections until the end of the twenty-first century were assessed by using the output of seven models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Potential frequency shifts were evaluated by comparing the mid- (2031–2050) and late-century (2081–2100) time windows to the base period (1993–2012). A sharp increase of ozone-temperature events was projected under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario assumptions with respective multi-model mean changes of 8.94% and 16.84% as well as 13.33% and 37.52% for mid- and late-century European climate.

A TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING HATCHING OF NATURAL EGG POPULATIONS OF MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Randell ◽  
M. K. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Air Temperatures

AbstractThe earliness or lateness of the hatching period in Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.) affects the type and amount of damage to the crop and the timing of control measures. An empirical model for prediction of hatching at each decile of egg populations was developed by multiple regression using daily maximum air temperatures for a unit interval of 5 days from 2 March to 29 June and embryonic development in the preceding fall. The model accounted for a maximum of 96% of the variance in hatching date. It showed the average effect of a unit change of 1° of daily maximum temperature for each of the 24 5-day intervals on the number of days to hatch. The time and pattern of hatching of the major bulk of egg population was dependent mainly on spring temperature; however, fall embryonic development accounted for considerable variation in hatching time especially of the less developed eggs. The implications for population growth and certain assumptions made during the analyses in this study are discussed.

scholarly journals Elevation Effects on Air Temperature in a Topographically Complex Mountain Valley in the Spanish Pyrenees

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Francisco Navarro-Serrano ◽  
Juan Ignacio López-Moreno ◽  
Cesar Azorin-Molina ◽  
Esteban Alonso-González ◽  
Marina Aznarez-Balta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Lapse Rates

Air temperature changes as a function of elevation were analyzed in a valley of the Spanish Pyrenees. We analyzed insolation, topography and meteorological conditions in order to understand how complex topoclimatic environments develop. Clustering techniques were used to define vertical patterns of air temperature covering more than 1000 m of vertical elevation change. Ten locations from the bottom of the valley to the summits were monitored from September 2016 to June 2019. The results show that (i) night-time lapse rates were between −4 and −2 °C km−1, while in the daytime they were from −6 to −4 °C km−1, due to temperature inversions and topography. Daily maximum temperature lapse rates were steeper from March to July, and daily minimum temperatures were weaker from June to August, and in December. (ii) Different insolation exposure within and between the two analyzed slopes strongly influenced diurnal air temperatures, creating deviations from the general lapse rates. (iii) Usually, two cluster patterns were found (i.e., weak and steep), which were associated with stable and unstable weather conditions, respectively, in addition to high-low atmospheric pressure and low-high relative humidity. The results will have direct applications in disciplines that depend on air temperature estimations (e.g., snow studies, water resources and sky tourism, among others).

scholarly journals Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Wilkins ◽  
Peter D. Howe ◽  
Jordan W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Park Service ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDaily weather affects total visitation to parks and protected areas, as well as visitors’ experiences. However, it is unknown if and how visitors change their spatial behavior within a park due to daily weather conditions. We investigated the impact of daily maximum temperature and precipitation on summer visitation patterns within 110 U.S. National Park Service units. We connected 489,061 geotagged Flickr photos to daily weather, as well as visitors’ elevation and distance to amenities (i.e., roads, waterbodies, parking areas, and buildings). We compared visitor behavior on cold, average, and hot days, and on days with precipitation compared to days without precipitation, across fourteen ecoregions within the continental U.S. Our results suggest daily weather impacts where visitors go within parks, and the effect of weather differs substantially by ecoregion. In most ecoregions, visitors stayed closer to infrastructure on rainy days. Temperature also affects visitors’ spatial behavior within parks, but there was not a consistent trend across ecoregions. Importantly, parks in some ecoregions contain more microclimates than others, which may allow visitors to adapt to unfavorable conditions. These findings suggest visitors’ spatial behavior in parks may change in the future due to the increasing frequency of hot summer days.

scholarly journals Joint Occurrence of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extreme Events over Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 2148-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Tencer ◽  
Andrew Weaver ◽  
Francis Zwiers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Joint Occurrence

AbstractThe occurrence of individual extremes such as temperature and precipitation extremes can have a great impact on the environment. Agriculture, energy demands, and human health, among other activities, can be affected by extremely high or low temperatures and by extremely dry or wet conditions. The simultaneous or proximate occurrence of both types of extremes could lead to even more profound consequences, however. For example, a dry period can have more negative consequences on agriculture if it is concomitant with or followed by a period of extremely high temperatures. This study analyzes the joint occurrence of very wet conditions and high/low temperature events at stations in Canada. More than one-half of the stations showed a significant positive relationship at the daily time scale between warm nights (daily minimum temperature greater than the 90th percentile) or warm days (daily maximum temperature above the 90th percentile) and heavy-precipitation events (daily precipitation exceeding the 75th percentile), with the greater frequencies found for the east and southwest coasts during autumn and winter. Cold days (daily maximum temperature below the 10th percentile) occur together with intense precipitation more frequently during spring and summer. Simulations by regional climate models show good agreement with observations in the seasonal and spatial variability of the joint distribution, especially when an ensemble of simulations was used.

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