Gastrointestinal Nematodes in the Lizard Genera Tiliqua and Cyclodomorphus (Scincidae) in Western-Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
HI Jones
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The State ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Wide Range

Nine species of nematode were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of 82 lizards in the genus Tiliqua and 41 lizards in the genus Cyclodomorphus (Scincidae) in Western Australia. Parapharyngodon fitzroyi, sp. nov. possesses lateral alae in males and a prominent postanal cone bearing two very small papillae. There is no sclerotised V-shaped accessory piece, and the spicular pouch opens immediately posterior to the anus. The female's tail is rounded with a small slightly posteriorly-directed terminal spike. This nematode possesses some characteristics of Thelandros, and it is suggested that the taxonomic criteria differentiating these two genera have yet to be clarified. P. fitzroyi occurred at low prevalence and generally low intensity in Tiliqua multifasciata and Cyclodomorphus branchialis in the centre and north of the State. Thelandros trachysauri exhibited morphological variability, with two spicule lengths in males, and a wide range in tail lengths in the female. This species predominated at high intensity in Tiliqua rugosa in the south ana west, and Pharyngodon tiliquae occurred at high intensity and prevalence in Tiliqua occipitalis.,Tiliqua multifasciata and Cyclodomorphus branchialis throughout the State. Despite extensive sympatry between two pairs of these oxyurid species, and a limited area of sympatry between all three, these nematodes did not occur concurrently in the same individual to any significant extent. Abbreviata antarctica occurred at high prevalence and intensity in T. occipitalis in the south and west of the State. Encysted physalopterid larvae were only seen in the stomachs of T. multifasciata, in central and northern areas. Other species recorded were Abbreviata tumidocapitis (larva only), Kreisiella lesueurii, Pseudorictularia disparilis, Physalopteroides filicauda and Maxvachonia brygooi. Differences in the nematode communities in these four lizard species can be related to host diet, geographical range of host and of nematode (possible environmental constraints on the free-living stages), and perhaps inherent insusceptibility to infection.

scholarly journals Our New Cathedrals: Spirituality and Old-Growth Forests in Western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Worth
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
South West ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Policy Proposals

Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been heated debate about the future use of the remaining karri and jarrah forests in the south-west of the State. This debate revolves around policy proposals from two social movements: one wants to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing movement supports a continued

Quantification of the susceptibility of the native flora of the South-West Botanical Province, Western Australia, to Phytophthora cinnamomi

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Shearer ◽  
C. E. Crane ◽  
A. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
National Park ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The South ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
South West ◽  
Wide Range

This study compares, for the first time, variation in estimates of susceptibility of native flora to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands among four databases and proposes an estimate of the proportion of the flora of the South-West Botanical Province of Western Australia that is susceptible to the pathogen. Estimates of the susceptibility of south-western native flora to P. cinnamomi infection were obtained from databases for Banksia woodland of the Swan Coastal Plain, jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest, the Stirling Range National Park and Rare and Threatened Flora of Western Australia. For the woodland, forest and national park databases, hosts were naturally infected in uncontrolled diverse natural environments. In contrast, threatened flora were artificially inoculated in a shadehouse environment. Considerable variation occurred within taxonomic units, making occurrence within family and genus poor predictors of species susceptibility. Identification of intra-specific resistance suggests that P. cinnamomi could be having a strong selection pressure on some threatened flora at infested sites and the populations could shift to more resistant types. Similar estimates of the proportion of species susceptible to P. cinnamomi among the databases from the wide range of environments suggests that a realistic estimate of species susceptibility to P. cinnamomi infection in the south-western region has been obtained. The mean of 40% susceptible and 14% highly susceptible equates to 2284 and 800 species of the 5710 described plant species in the South-West Botanical Province susceptible and highly susceptible to P. cinnamomi, respectively. Such estimates are important for determining the cost of disease to conservation values and for prioritising disease importance and research priorities. P. cinnamomi in south-western Australia is an unparalleled example of an introduced pathogen with a wide host range causing immense irreversible damage to unique, diverse but mainly susceptible plant communities.

Abbreviata (Nematoda: Physalopteroidea) in Lizards of the Varanus Gouldii Complex (Varanidae) in Western Australia.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
HI Jones
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
The State ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Host Size ◽  
The South ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
South West

Six species of nematode in the genus Abbreviata were recovered from the stomachs of 58 Varanus gouldii, s.l., in Western Australia: A. hastaspicula, A. barrowi, A, antarctica, A. levicauda, sp. nov., A. tumidocapitis, sp. nov., and an unnamed species. A. occidentalis Jones, 1978 is reduced to synonomy with A. antarctica (Linstow, 1899). A, hastaspicula was recovered from all hosts examined except those from the south-west of the State, where it was replaced by A. antarctica. A. levicauda and A. tumidocapitis occurred concurrently with one or both of the above species. Th'e increase in A. hastaspicula numbers with host size in V. gouldii, s.s., (P<0,05) and in V. panoptes (P<0,05) indicates that there is no effective host immune response. A. hastaspicula numbers were unaffected by concurrent A. levicauda infection. There was a positive correlation between numbers of Abbreviata sp. larvae and A. hastaspicula (P<0.01), and between Abbreviata sp. larvae and A. antarctica (P<0.01), in V. gouldii, s.s. No larvae were seen in the stomach wall of these Varanus, and it is concluded that those which occur commonly in this situation in elapid snakes are probably larvae of A. hastaspicula or A. levicauda, which appear to be unable to mature in these hosts.

The hydration status of lambs after lairage at two Australian abattoirs

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Jacob ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
E. Ponnampalam ◽  
J. Speijers ◽  
D. L. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Carry Over

Urine samples were collected from lambs slaughtered at 2 abattoirs, 1 in Western Australia (WA) and 1 in Victoria (Vic.), for the purpose of estimating hydration status at the time of slaughter. Collections were made from 219 consignments at WA and 57 consignments at Vic., over a 12-month period commencing in July 2003 and finishing in June 2004. The average consignment urine specific gravity was high, suggesting subclinical dehydration was common at both abattoirs. Consignment urine specific gravity was higher at Vic. than WA during the months from January to June. Analyses of demographic data collected at WA suggested that average consignment urine specific gravity was higher in sucker lambs than carry over lambs, highest in August and lowest in January, and higher in lambs from the south-eastern districts compared with other districts within the state.

System Level Provision for the Gifted Child: a Western Australian Initiative

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Margaret Ashworth ◽  
Debra Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
The State ◽  
System Level ◽  
Gifted Child ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Talented Students ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Considerable Experience

Providing education for gifted and talented students presents its own administrative problems for education authorities. The State of Western Australia, with a population of 1.5 million and an area 10 times the size of Great Britain, has had considerable experience in tackling a wide range of education challenges. In the field of education of the gifted and talented the challenge has been taken up by PEAC. Every 10, 11 and 12 year old child attending a Government Primary School in the State of Western Australia has access to PEAC—the Primary Extension and Challenge Programme for intellectually talented students.

The European Rabbit Flea, Spilopsyllus Cuniculi, in South-Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR King ◽  
AJ Oliver ◽  
SH Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
South West

Spilopsyllus cuniculi, a vector of myxomatosis, was introduced by various methods at several sites in the south-west of Western Australia in May 1969 for the biological control of rabbits. It spread rapidly and within 14 months all rabbits collected within about 5 km of one of the release sites were infested with fleas. Further introductions of the flea during the past decade have resulted in a wide distribution for it throughout the south-west of the state. Flea numbers fluctuate seasonally and are highest in reproductively active female rabbits in winter and spring. Since the introductions of the flea, the timing of epizootics of myxomatosis has changed and their effect on rabbit populations has increased.

Gastrointestinal Nematodes in the Lizard Genus Pogona Storr (Agamidae) in Western-Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
HI Jones
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The State ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
South West ◽  
Left Spicule ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
The Right

Twelve species of nematode were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of 115 lizards in the genus Pogona (Agamidae) in Western Australia. Seven species belonged to the Physalopteridae, and three new species are described: Abbreviata pilbarensis, sp. nov., occurs only in the Pilbara region and possesses relatively small dorsal and ventral pseudolabial teeth, inconstant and irregular small denticles on the medial pseudolabial surface, left spicule more than twice the length of the right, vulva with short wide posteriorly directed tubular extension, and thick-shelled eggs; Abbreviata anomala, sp. nov., occurs throughout the State, and possesses small pseudolabia, small dorsal and ventral pseudolabial teeth, an even row of 40-60 small denticles lining the medial pseudolabial surface, left spicule 3-4 times the length of the right, five pairs of pedunculate pericloacal papillae, and females with truncated rounded tail and vulva 3-5% of body length from anterior end; Kreisiella lesueurii, sp. nov., was identified from the south-west, and possesses a row of fine even denticles extending the width of the medial pseudolabial margin, no apical, dorsal or ventral pseudolabial teeth, a restricted area of tubercles on the male ventral tail surface, a short and thick right spicule, four pairs of pedunculate pericloacal papillae, caudal alae not meeting anteriorly and not extending to the tip of the tail, and females with truncated rounded tail and anteriorly placed vulva. The male of Maxvachonia brygooi is described: it possesses lateral alae and differs from M. chabaudi only in the larger size of the gubernaculum and spicules. Other species recorded were Strongyluris paronai, Physalopteroides filicauda, Skrjabinoptera goldmanae, Abbreviata antarctica, Pseudorictularia disparilis, one species of Oxyuroidea, and two species of Trichostrongyloidea. Concurrent infection with M. brygooi and S. goldmanae was positively correlated, and prevalence and intensity of both species increased with host size, in Pogona minor mitchelli. Prevalence and intensity of infection, and species diversity, were highest in the northern, subtropical parts of the State, and lowest in the drier central and southern inland. Cysts containing physalopteran larvae were present in the stomach wall of many hosts; prevalence and intensity of cysts was highest in the northern area.

Sodic soils in Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Cochrane ◽  
G Scholz ◽  
AME Vanvreswyk
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
The South ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
South West ◽  
Western Australian

Sodic soils are common throughout Western Australia, particularly in the south-west agricultural area where they occur mainly as duplex or gradational profiles. Soils with sodic properties are dominant in 26% of the state; saline-sodic sediments and soils in intermittent streams, lakes and estuarine plains occupy a further 5%. Sodic soils are moderately common throughout the south and western portion of the rangeland areas (38% of the state). The south-west coastal sands and the desert and rangeland soils to the north and east of the state are rarely sodic. Although sodicity has been recognized as a discrete problem in W.A. soils since the 1920s, the extent and severity of sodicity has been satisfactorily described only for small areas of the state and most land managers are unaware of the role sodicity plays in limiting the productivity of their soils. Sodicity is implicated in a diversity of problems for both agricultural and non-agricultural uses of Western Australian soils. Subsoil impermeability is probably the most widespread of these, but no comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the influence of exchangeable sodium on subsoil properties has been undertaken. Topsoil sodicity is much less extensive but can severely restrict land productivity, particularly on sandy loam and finer textured soils which set hard when dry. The physical behaviour of Western Australian topsoils cannot usefully be predicted from measurements of exchangeable sodium alone because soils differ so greatly in their response to changing exchangeable sodium. Some remain structurally stable at ESP values >15 while others are so 'sodium-sensitive' that they exhibit highly dispersive behaviour at ESP values as low as 2%. Land values over much of the dryland farming and pastoral areas of W.A. do not justify sustained use of amendments which would reduce soil exchangeable sodium contents. Efficient management of sodic soils in these areas must rely on the prevention of degradation and the use of biological and physical means to maintain adequate soil physical properties. Effective restoration of degraded sodic soils, however, often does require application of inorganic amendments in combination with tillage to initiate structural recovery. Sodicity is currently not considered to be a problem at any of the three main irrigation areas in W.A., but all have sodic soil within their potentially irrigable lands, which may limit their future expansion.

Observations on Nematodes From West and Central Australian Snakes.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
HI Jones
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
The State ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The South ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
South West ◽  
West Part

Host and distribution records are presented of Spironoura fordoniae (Oxyuroidea), Camallanides cerberi (Camallanoidea) and Heliconema longissima (Physalopteroidea) in aquatic colubrid snakes, and of Ophidascaris pyrrhus (Ascaridoidea) in elapid snakes in Western Australia. In the case of O. pyrrhus highest prevalence of infection, and largest worms, were in the south-west part of the State, and the epidemiological evidence presented suggests that amphibians and reptiles may be intermediate hosts. Concurrent infection of O. pyrrhus and Abbreviata spp. was moderately significant in Notechis ater (P = 0.038) and in Echiopsis curta (P = 0.099). Hastospiculum drysdaliae, sp. nov. (Diplotriaenoidea) is described from Drysdalia coronata. It differs from other species in the genus in the absence of papillae at the anterior end, and in the number and conformation of pedunculate papillae at the posterior end in the male. A key to the species of Hastospiculum is provided.

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