A Comparative-Study of Macroscopic and Microscopic Dimensions of the Intestine in 5 Macropods (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) .2. Relationship With Feeding-Habits and Fiber Content of the Diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Osawa ◽  
PF Woodall
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Fibrous Diet ◽  
Swamp Wallaby

A comparative study of macroscopic and microscopic dimensions of the intestines in five macropod species indicated that the grazing macropods (the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus, and the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus) had significantly longer caeca and large intestines than those of the browsing macropods (the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, and the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis). This trend was not observed in the small intestine. The arid-adapted M. rufus also had a significantly longer large intestine than M. giganteus, which may be a water-conservation feature. Intestinal villi were tall in T. thetis, which consumed a less fibrous diet, whereas the agile wallaby, Macropus agilis, on a highly fibrous diet, had short villi; other macropods, on diets of medium fibre content, had villi of intermediate height. Thus, the size of the hindgut (i.e. caecum and large intestine) may provide an index of the specific feeding habit of a species (browsing or grazing), whilst parameters of the villi of the small intestine may reflect the quality of the animals' current diet.

A comparative study of macroscopic and microscopic dimensions of the intensine in five macropods (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). I. Allometric relationships.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Osawa ◽  
PF Woodall
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
A Value ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Kleiber’S Law ◽  
Swamp Wallaby

Macroscopic and microscopic dimensions of the intestines in five macropod species (the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus; the eastern grey kangaroo, M. giganteus; the agile wallaby, M. agilis; the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor; and the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis) were investigated allometrically in relation to body mass. In general, the length of the small intestine changed in an area : volume (A:V) compensating manner, but the circumference showed negative allometry such that the overall change in surface areas, both ground and mucosal (including the contribution of villi), were isometric but also included the coefficient derived from 'Kleiber's Law' (0.75) in their 95 and 99% confidence limits, respectively. Villous height and width generally showed no significant correlations with body size, but villous density was lower in large individuals. The allometry coefficient for the length of the large intestine was generally near the A:V compensating value (0.5) in most intraspecific analyses but much higher in the interspecific analysis, suggesting that some factor other than body size might be important (possibly dietary fibre). Caecal length was significantly correlated with body size only in two largest species (M. rufus and M. giganteus) and the interspecific analysis gave a value near A:V compensation).

scholarly journals A comparative study of phytate hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and the laboratory rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Williams ◽  
T. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phytate Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. The role of bacterial, dietary and intestinal phytases (EC 3. 1. 3. 8) in the hydrolysis of phytate was investigated in the golden hamster and rat by assaying phytase in the small intestine and by measuring the disappearance of phytate from the stomach and large intestine, using chromium oxide as an insoluble solid-phase marker.2. It was confirmed that an active phytase was present in the proximal third of the small intestine of the rat but the enzyme was undetectable in the hamster.3. Extensive bacterial breakdown of phytate occurred in the pregastric pouch and true stomach of the hamster with both phytase-containing and phytase-free diets, with phytate digestibilities in the true stomach ranging from 0.69–0.90, confirming that the hamster can be regarded as a pseudo-ruminant.4. With a phytase-free diet, the digestibility of phytate in the stomach of the rat was very low (0.05) but with a wheat-based diet substantial breakdown of phytate occurred (digestibility up to 0.49), presumably under the influence of the cereal phytase.5. Intestinal phytase did not appear to be of great significance in the rat but some further hydrolysis of the residual phytate probably occurred in the large intestine of both species by bacterial phytase.

Observations on the attatchment of marsupial pouch young to the teats and on the rearing of pouch young by foster-mothers of the same or different species

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant ◽  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Hard Palate ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Foster Mother ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Foster Mothers ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Swamp Wallaby

The buccal cavity is modified in young red kangaroos by hemispherical indentations into hard palate and tongue which receive the bulbous swelling at the end of the teat. Attachment to the teat is aided by the formation of ridges on the hard palate and the lateral fusing of the lips of the young. The epiglottis of the young red kangaroo is intra-nasopharyngeal rather than intra-narial as is stated to be the case in other marsupials. Red kangaroos less than 1 day old were removed from the teat to which they had attached and replaced on another teat in the same pouch. A grey kangaroo young aged 13 days was replaced on the teat after removal and was removed and replaced at 7-day intervals thereafter. No difficulty was experienced in replacing 15 young aged between 41 and 100 days on the teats from which they were removed. The following transfers of young less than 1 day old were made: two red kangaroos to foster-mothers of the same species, one red kangaroo to a grey kangaroo, two grey kangaroos to foster-mothers of the same species, one tammar to a red kangaroo, and two swamp wallabies to red kangaroos. All the transfers were initially successful; however, one red kangaroo and one grey kangaroo were lost soon after the transfer, apparently because the foster-parents were at the incorrect stage of their reproductive cycles. The followmg transfers of young 2-25 days old were made to foster-mothers suckling young 2-20 days old: two swamp wallabies to red kangaroos, one red kangaroo to a swamp wallaby, one red kangaroo to a red-necked wallaby, one grey kangaroo to a red kangaroo, one tammar to a red kangaroo, and one red-necked wallaby to a red kangaroo. All the transfers were initially successful except a 13-day-old tammar which failed to attach to the teat of its foster-mother. A swamp wallaby young transferred at the age of 25 days to a red kangaroo showed accelerated growth and early sexual maturity compared to control swamp wallabies raised by their own mothers. A total of 12 inter-species and intra-species transfers of young aged 41-255 days old were made. A 53-day-old young of the yellow-footed rock wallaby failed to attach to the teat of a red kangaroo but all other transfers were initially successful and, in most cases, growth of the foster-young was normal and they were reared to at least the latter stages of pouch life. Young placed in the pouches of foster-mothers were readily accepted and there were indications that the behaviour patterns of the foster-mother were altered so that they responded to calls made by the foster-young. Foster-young of species which have a longer pouch life than the red kangaroo remained in the pouches of red kangaroo foster-mothers for the time usual in their own species. Foster-young transferred to the pouches of other species were usually reared to the end of pouch life if adult sizes of transferred young and foster-mother were nearly equal. Young of small species transferred to the pouches of larger species were often lost before the end of pouch life.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

Desirable effects of dietary 4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan from the Echinacea plant on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in female Partridge-Shank broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Qing-Chang Ren ◽  
Jing-Jing Xuan ◽  
Chuan-Yan Che ◽  
Xin-Chao Yan ◽  
Zhong-Ze Hu
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Access To Water

In this trial we aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of 4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan (4OMG) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and small intestine development of female Partridge-Shank broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old female Partridge-Shank broilers were randomly distributed to four groups with three replicates of 20 within each group. Groups received either 0, 15, 20 or 25 g 4OMG/kg DM of diet. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers had ad libitum access to water and feed. At pen level, feed intake was recorded daily and broilers were weighed at the start and end of the experiment. For each group, three pens with a total of 20 broilers were randomly selected to determine the thigh meat quality and the small intestine development of broilers. Broilers fed diets with higher 4OMG had greater final liveweight (P = 0.004), daily bodyweight gain (P = 0.004) and gain-to-feed ratio (P < 0.001), muscle pH values (P = 0.031) and redness (P = 0.001), duodenal weight index (P = 0.042), jejunal (P = 0.043) and ileal length (P = 0.049), duodenal (P < 0.001) and ileal villus height (P = 0.008), but lower percentage of dead birds (P < 0.001), drip loss (P = 0.042) and shear force value (P = 0.043) of the thigh muscles. These results indicate that increasing dietary supplementation of 4OMG may improve growth performance and meat quality of female Partridge-Shank broilers through better development of small intestine.

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