Hybrids in Marsupial Research

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Close ◽  
PS Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

Many species from the superfamily Macropodoidea hybridise in captivity despite chromosomal and/or morphological differences. Details of such hybrids were collected from the literature or by personal communications from researchers or breeders of macropods. A Table of known hybrids and notes on their fertilities is presented, which includes the chromosome numbers and differences in gross and C-banded karyotypes of each parental species. Also included in the table are the numbers of proteins known to differ in electrophoretic mobility between each pair of parental species, and the number of proteins which are polymorphic in either of the two parental species. This table, therefore, can be used in gene mapping studies for assessing which hybrids carry suitable chromosomal and genetic markers and might be fertile. Four different interspecific crosses have already been reported as fertile, and artificial methods of increasing fertility could increase the likelihood of producing fertile hybrids. Moreover, the variety of hybrids and their different degrees of fertility show that they are potentially valuable for studying the effects of genic and chromosomal heterozygosity on growth and development, meiotic processes and spermatogenesis.

Circaea × intermedia in eastern North America with particular reference to Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (23) ◽  
pp. 2919-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Haber
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Numbers

Circaea × intermedia Ehrh. in North America is an interspecific hybrid between C. alpina L. and C. lutetiana L. subsp. canadensis Aschers. & Magnus. In spite of the morphological differences that exist between the European and North American subspecies of C. lutetiana, hybrids from both continents are morphologically identical. Documentation of the intermediacy of the hybrid taxon is presented based on the evaluation of the means of 22 characters of specimens from an Ontario locality at which all three taxa are found.Diploid chromosome counts of 2n = 22 are reported for Ontario populations of the hybrid and parental species. The presence of irregular, somatic chromosome numbers are also reported for all three taxa.Distribution maps for all three taxa in eastern North America are included. In the case of C. lutetiana subsp. canadensis, the northern range is sharply delimited by the Precambrian–Paleozoic bedrock boundary.A table of character comparisons and a key to the three taxa summarizes the salient characteristics of the hybrid and the parental species in eastern North America.

INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES AND FERTILE HYBRIDS AMONG THE CONIFEROPHAGOUS CHORISTONEURA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Parental Type ◽  
Host Type ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractLaboratory studies of seven North American Choristoneura species and two subspecies from widely distributed locations demonstrate the low level of genetic separation among them. No differences were found in numbers (n = 30) or morphology of chromosomes among members of the group or in any of the hybrids examined. High levels of mating success were obtained in all inter se matings as well as in crosses and back-crosses. However, mating success was greater for crosses within host type and within pheromone type than for crosses between types. Viability and fertility were similar in all the hybrids and close to those of the inter se progenies. Mean weights of initial eggs varied by a factor of 2 from the lowest (C. pinus Freeman) to the highest (C. lambertiana ponderosana Obraztsov). Mean weights of initial eggs produced by hybrids were generally close to those of the parental species. However, when one parent was C. fumiferana (Clem.), mean weights of initial eggs were either much larger (male C. fumiferana) or much smaller (female C. fumiferana) than either parental type. These differences could affect survival of some progeny under harsh conditions. This evidence supports other studies in indicating that C. fumiferana is genetically distinct from other species in this group.

Growth and development of the barren-ground caribou. II. Postnatal growth rates

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Growth Constants ◽  
Slow Growing

The growth curves of minimum body weights of fast-growing caribou reared in captivity and slow-growing wild caribou are compared. Captive animals exhibit a cyclical pattern of growth characteristic of other cervid species. The differences in the declining growth constants of wild caribou compared to captive caribou are attributed to environmental factors and activity, resulting in higher maintenance costs.

Acoustic Communication and Mating Behaviour in the Muellerianella Complex (Homoptera - Delphacidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Drosopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Bisexual Species ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Copulation Behavior ◽  
Biological Differences

AbstractSome data on acoustic communication and mating behavior of two biparentally reproducing species and the clonally reproducing pseudogamous "species" of the genus Muellerianella are reported. Although bioacoustic differences were found in the calling songs between the species, these did not prevent pairforming. Also, differences in mating behavior, such as pre-copulation behavior, courtship activities, frequency and duration of copulation were not sufficient to prevent successful hybridization between both the two biparentally reproducing species and between each of these two species and the pseudogamous "species". The data reported here are related to other biological differences reported previously. According to these data there is some evidence that differences in acoustic communication and mating behavior between the two species are established by ecological influences which in turn have established analogous physiological requirements. These differences are rather weak isolating mechanisms. Regarding the behavioral relation of the pseudogamous species with males of the two parental species it was found that these females behave exactly as the females of M. fairmairei with which they coexist in the field. In interspecific crosses mechanical barriers to copulation are more efficient than courtship differences. Finally it is assumed that pseudogamy is a strong isolation mechanism between the not yet fully genetically differentiated bisexual species of Muellerianella.

Growth of the Eastern Quoll, Dasyurus viverrinus (Shaw), (Marsupialia) in Captivity

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
At Will

The growth and development, from 10 to 270 days old, of eastern quolls in a captive colony was recorded. Young were able to detach from the teat by 65 days of age and their eyes were open by 80 days. Statistically significant differences in some measurements from males and females were found as early as 85 days of age. The weaning period commenced at 102 days ofage, and coincided with eruption ofthe first molar teeth. Total independence, determined by the cessation of lactation in the mother, was as early as 142 days in litters of one or as late as 200 days in larger litters. There was a high correlation between litter size and age at independence. Lactation was maintained in all previously suckled mammary glands of adult females after the death of young aged 65 days or over if some siblings remained. This was due to the ability of young of this age to detach and reattach to the teats at will. The implication of this observation is that the commonly held view that the numbers of surviving young in marsupial litters corresponds to the number of lactating teats in the adult female may not always be correct.

Overlooked morphological variation and a proposal for a new taxonomic circumscription of Alyssum simplex (Brassicaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 416 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
VERONIKA CETLOVÁ ◽  
JAVIER FUERTES-AGUILAR ◽  
DARIA IUDOVA ◽  
STANISLAV ŠPANIEL
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Morphological Differences

A recent study of European annual taxa of Alyssum has revealed that A. simplex includes two cytotypes (diploid and tetraploid) which differ in genetic markers, evolutionary history, and monoploid relative genome size. In this paper we present a new taxonomic treatment of A. simplex in which we treat the two cytotypes as two separate species. We select and discuss suitable names for both taxa (diploid A. simplex and tetraploid A. collinum), examine their morphological differences and survey their geographic distribution. In addition, we compare both cytotypes with the morphologically similar and genetically related species A. strigosum and designate lectotypes and a neotype of several relevant names.

scholarly journals Pure species discriminate against hybrids in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Serrato-Capuchina ◽  
Timothy D. Schwochert ◽  
Stephania Zhang ◽  
Baylee Roy ◽  
David Peede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Sexual Attractiveness ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster Species Subgroup

ABSTRACTIntrogression, the exchange of alleles between species, is a common event in nature. This transfer of alleles between species must happen through fertile hybrids. Characterizing the traits that cause defects in hybrids illuminate how and when gene flow is expected to occur. Inviability and sterility are extreme examples of fitness reductions but are not the only type of defects in hybrids. Some traits specific to hybrids are more subtle but are important to determine their fitness. In this report, we study whether F1 hybrids between two species pairs of Drosophila are as attractive as the parental species. We find that in both species pairs, the sexual attractiveness of the F1 hybrids is reduced and that pure species discriminate strongly against them. We also find that the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile of the hybrids is intermediate between the parental species. Perfuming experiments show that modifying the CHC profile of the hybrids to resemble pure species improves their chances of mating. Our results show that behavioral discrimination against hybrids might be an important component of the persistence of species that can hybridize.

scholarly journals Asymmetric second-generation genomic incompatibility in interspecific crosses between Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Ohta ◽  
Nicole Kaplan ◽  
James Tyler Ng ◽  
Basile Jules Gravez ◽  
Lionel Christiaen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Fertile Hybrids

AbstractReproductive isolation is central to speciation, but interspecific crosses between two closely related species can produce viable and fertile hybrids. Two different species in the tunicate genus Ciona, Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis can produce hybrids. However, wild sympatric populations display limited gene flow, suggesting the existence of obstacles to interspecific reproduction that remain unknown. Here, we took advantage of a closed inland culture system to cross C. robusta with C. intestinalis and established F1 and F2 hybrids. We monitored post-embryonic development, survival, and sexual maturation to further probe the physiological mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation. Partial viability of first and second generation hybrids indicated that both pre- and postzygotic mechanisms contributed to genomic incompatibilities in hybrids. Asymmetrical second generation inviability and infertility suggested that interspecific genomic incompatibilities involved interactions between the maternal, zygotic and mitochondrial genomes during development. This study paves the way to quantitative genetic approaches to study the mechanisms underlying genomic incompatibilities and other complex traits in the genome-enabled Ciona model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bone marrow in female fallow deer kept in captivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 544-548
Author(s):  
Anna Snarska ◽  
Andrzej Pomianowski ◽  
Przemysław Sobiech ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Marcin Lew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Biopsy Needle ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Morphological Differences

Proper processes of hematopoiesis have a major impact on the results of blood morphological analyses in healthy animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone marrow smears of female fallow deer kept in captivity and comparing them to morphological analysis of peripheral blood. To achieve the aim of this study bone marrow was collected from 10 nonpregnant, 2-year-old female fallow deer. Smears stained by the May-Grünwald Giemsa method were analyzed. Bone marrow samples were collected using a biopsy needle from the 3rd – 4th rib in the sternal region into test tubes without coagulant. Whole blood for hematological analysis was sampled from the external jugular vein into 2 ml test tubes containing K2EDTA. The results of the research indicate significant morphological differences of white blood cells line and red blood cells line of fallow deer in comparison to other ruminants. Proerythroblasts of fallow deer appear to have a higher number of nuclei that stain more clearly in the MGG method. In red the blood cells line a high percentage of polychromatic erythroblasts (17.2%) and basophilic erythroblasts (8.19%) was noted. In granulocyte line only 0.97% of myeloblasts was observed in bone marrow smears. The percentage of segmented and band granulocytes was determined at 6.86% and 2.27% consequently. In the lymphoblastic line of fallow deer a low percentage of plazmocytes was observed (1.16%). In the platelets line the percentage of megakaryoblasts (5.85%) was lower than megakaryocytes (7.9%). This report is the first study concerning hematopoiesis in female fallow deer.

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