Recognition of Mates in the Portuguese Millipede, Ommatoiulus-Moreletii

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Carey ◽  
CM Bull
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Chemical Secretion

The mating behaviour of the Portuguese millipede, Ommatoiulus moreletii, was observed in the laboratory. Male attention towards females appeared to be initiated on contact. Mating activity was more frequent in the night phase of the photoperiod and was not inhibited by darkness. This suggested that a visual signal was not important in mate recognition. Females without antennae mated readily, but males without antennae did not, which suggests that males use their antennae to recognise females. Experiments in T-mazes and petri dishes showed that males were not attracted towards females, nor did they increase activity in the presence of females they could not touch, which implied that an airborne signal such as a volatile pheromone was not used. It was concluded that males use some characteristic of the female cuticle, possibly a chemical secretion, to recognise mates.

The flock-mating of progestagen-synchronized ewes 3. A note on the influence of flock size upon mating behaviour and lambing performance

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Lambing Rate

ABSTRACTCrossbred ewes in which the oestrous cycles had been synchronized by the use of progestagen-impregnated vaginal sponges were mated with Suffolk rams either as a single group of 68 ewes (G) or as four subgroups of 17 ewes (S) in 2 years. Ram:ewe ratio was 1:17 in both treatments. G rams performed more mounts and services than S rams. Non-return rate and lambing rate was better for S than G ewes, especially in Year 1, when fewer G ewes were served. Mating activity was greater in Year 2 than Year 1; prolificacy was also markedly improved.

scholarly journals Mating behaviour of Simulium erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Zaragoza (Spain)

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Alfonso Garza-Hernández ◽  
Antonio De la Mora-Covarrubias ◽  
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Copulation Behaviour

Simulium erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) es una especie altamente antropofílica responsable de brotes de mosca negra en España. Así, se realizaron observaciones sobre el comportamiento de apareamiento de S. erythrocephalum en condiciones naturales en España, incluyendo la formación de enjambres, el reconocimiento, abordaje y la finalización de la cópula y el comportamiento post cópula. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la actividad de cópula tiene lugar durante la tarde. Observamos como el ser humano representa un marcador de orientación atractivo para los enjambres de machos, cuya formación está relacionada con el período de actividad de búsqueda de hospedador por parte de las hembras. Este estudio representa el primer estudio sobre el comportamiento de cópula de simúlidos en España, ampliando el conocimiento general sobre este comportamiento en las moscas negras. Simulium erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) is a highly anthropophilic species that is responsible for blackfly outbreaks in Spain. Thus, field observations of the mating behaviour, including swarm formation, recognition and chasing, copulation, termination of copulation and post-copulation behaviour of S. erythrocephalum were conducted in a natural habitat in Spain. The obtained results demonstrated that mating activity occurs during the evening hours. We observed the human host represents an attractive orientation marker of male swarms, whose formation is related to the host-seeking activity period of females. This study represents the first report about the mating behaviour of Simuliidae species in Spain, increasing the general knowledge about this behaviour of blackflies.

Effects of mating behaviour and ram libido on the fertility of young ewes

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Cahill ◽  
MAde B Blockey ◽  
RA Parr
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Two groups of 92 and 93, 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes were each mated to a team of two, 13-year-old Corriedale rams. Both rams of each ram team were either of high or low libido and mating dexterity as determined by a series of pen libido tests. Continuous observations of mating behaviour were carried out on each group for 9.5 days and at 4-5 weeks post coitum (p.c.) the pregnancy rate was determined by laparotomy and hysterotomy. Although the ram pairs differed in libido in the pen tests, under the conditions of paddock mating there was found to be no significant difference between the two mating groups in the total number of mounts and services, the proportion of ewes detected in oestrus, the proportion of ewes pregnant, or the mean duration of oestrus. The duration of oestrus was shown to be dependent on the time of day at which the ewe was first detected in oestrus. Some ewes, although probably in oestrus, were not detected by the ram during periods of little mating activity and therefore their subsequent duration of oestrus was significantly shorter. The pregnancy rate of ewes with a duration of oestrus of less than one hour was significantly lower than that of ewes with a longer duration of oestrus.

scholarly journals Silk-borne chemicals of spider nuptial gifts elicit female gift acceptance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Beyer ◽  
Julia Mangliers ◽  
Cristina Tuni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Nuptial Gifts ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Pisaura Mirabilis ◽  
Female Responses

Chemical communication is important in a reproductive context for conveying information used for mate recognition and/or assessment during courtship and mating. Spider silk is a common vehicle for chemical communication between the sexes. However, despite being well described in females, male silk-borne chemicals remain largely unexplored. Males of the spider Pisaura mirabilis silk-wrap prey (i.e. nuptial gifts) that is offered to females during courtship and eaten by the female during mating. Interestingly, rejected males often add more silk to their gift which leads to successful mating, suggesting the presence of silk-borne chemicals that facilitate female gift acceptance. To test this hypothesis, we offered females standardized gifts covered with male silk that was either washed in solvents or unwashed, respectively, to remove or not any chemically active components. We scored female gift acceptance, and as expected in the case chemicals that mediate female mating behaviour are present in male silk, females were more likely to accept gifts covered with unwashed silk. Our findings suggest that silk-borne chemicals of nuptial gifts prime female responses, potentially signalling male quality or manipulating females into mating beyond their interests given the occurrence of male cheating behaviour via nutritionally worthless gifts in this system.

scholarly journals Sexual activity diminishes male virility in twoCoccinellaspecies: consequences for female fertility and progeny development

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Michaud ◽  
Mahadev Bista ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra ◽  
Omkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Seminal Fluid Proteins ◽  
Mating History

AbstractMale contributions, both chemical and behavioural, can influence female sperm usage and reproductive success. To determine whether such male factors are subject to depletion inCoccinella septempunctataandCoccinella transversalis, we tested the effects of male mating history on male virility, as estimated by measures of mating behaviour, female reproductive success and progeny fitness, with parental age held constant. Overt measures of male mating effort (wriggling duration, number of shaking bouts and total copula duration) all diminished from virgin to 5 × mated males and were mirrored by concurrent declines in female fecundity and fertility (measured over 20 days). Paternal effects were also observed which diminished as a function of mating history, suggesting that transgenerational signals of male origin are also subject to depletion. Progeny of virgin fathers had higher rates of survival (C. transversalis) and faster development (both species) than progeny of 5 × mated fathers. Seminal fluid proteins are known to have allohormonal properties and can stimulate female fecundity and fertility in a number of insects, making them strong candidates for depletion as a function of mating activity. However, it is also possible that sperm limitation and/or reduced tactile stimulation of females by multiple-mated males may have contributed to some of the observed effects.

scholarly journals Mating activity of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on its larval host plant Solanum mauritianum Scopoli in southeast Queensland

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A.I. Drew ◽  
D.J. Rodgers ◽  
S. Vijaysegaran ◽  
C.J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Solanum Mauritianum ◽  
Southeast Queensland ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractA detailed study was conducted on the mating behaviour of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in nature. Plant tissues from Solanum mauritianum Scopoli, the primary larval host for B. cacuminata, were also analysed for methyl eugenol content. In the field, over a 15 month period, 44,171 observations of adult B. cacuminata individuals were made including 1109 mating pairs on S. mauritianum. Calling behaviour consisting of wing fanning and anus beating by males was also consistently observed on the underside of leaves of S. mauritianum after sunset. Female flies that arrived into these groups of 10–15 calling males were mated and often remained coupled until dawn. No methyl eugenol was detected from the analysis of leaves, flowers and fruits of S. mauritianum. Thus, B. cacuminata does not need to aggregate at sites where methyl eugenol is present and the hypothesis that this chemical plays a role in the selection of mating sites by B. cacuminata is not supported by the current study. It is concluded that S. mauritianum is the primary site of mating for B. cacuminata in nature and that the concept that the larval host plant is the centre of activity for dacine fruit flies remains robust, being fully supported by the results of this study.

Underlying Structure of Auditory-Visual Consonant Perception by Hearing-Impaired Children and the Influences of Syllabic Compression

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Busby ◽  
Y. C. Tong ◽  
G. M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Release Times ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

The identification of consonants in a/-C-/a/nonsense syllables, using a fourteen-alternative forced-choice procedure, was examined in 4 profoundly hearing-impaired children under five conditions: audition alone using hearing aids in free-field (A),vision alone (V), auditory-visual using hearing aids in free-field (AV1), auditory-visual with linear amplification (AV2), and auditory-visual with syllabic compression (AV3). In the AV2 and AV3 conditions, acoustic signals were binaurally presented by magnetic or acoustic coupling to the subjects' hearing aids. The syllabic compressor had a compression ratio of 10:1, and attack and release times were 1.2 ms and 60 ms. The confusion matrices were subjected to two analysis methods: hierarchical clustering and information transmission analysis using articulatory features. The same general conclusions were drawn on the basis of results obtained from either analysis method. The results indicated better performance in the V condition than in the A condition. In the three AV conditions, the subjects predominately combined the acoustic parameter of voicing with the visual signal. No consistent differences were recorded across the three AV conditions. Syllabic compression did not, therefore, appear to have a significant influence on AV perception for these children. A high degree of subject variability was recorded for the A and three AV conditions, but not for the V condition.

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