The Morphological Identification of Domesticated Zebra Finches, Poephila-Guttata (Passeriformes, Estrilidae), in Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Carr ◽  
RA Zann
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Poephila Guttata ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Group 1

The zebra finch, Poephila guttata, is a native Australian grassfinch which is used extensively in laboratories of many countries, including Australia. We have compared the morphology of groups of zebra finches from various origins: (1) wild-caught from a population at Bunbartha in northern Victoria; (2) their first-generation offspring which were bred in captivity; (3) fawn colour morphs; (4) white colour morphs; (5) a private collection which included a variety of colour morphs. Birds in groups 3,4 and 5 were considered to be the distant offspring of wild-caught zebra finches. The length of the wing, the head and the tarsus, the width and the depth of the bill, and the weight were measured. All characters, except the width of the bill, differed significantly among the groups. Analyses of variance indicated that head length, tarsus length and bill depth differed significantly between group 1 and groups 3, 4 and 5, but were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2 nor among groups 3,4 and 5. The wild-caught birds and their immediate offspring were larger than those of the colour-morph groups. Discriminant analysis showed that wing length, tarsus length and bill depth were important in classifying individuals into groups. Differences between groups were attributed to the effects of domestication upon birds in aviaries.

Life in captivity: varied behavioural responses to novel setting and food types in first-generation hybrids of farmed and wild juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1962-1970
Author(s):  
Kevyn Janisse ◽  
Pauline M. Capelle ◽  
John W. Heath ◽  
Mitchel G. Dender ◽  
Daniel D. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Behavioural Phenotypes ◽  
Response To Change

Aquaculture practices continuously seek to improve efficiency to produce larger fish at lower cost. Selective breeding within brood stocks can result in undesirable effects, promoting hatcheries to use outbreeding to increase or maintain genetic diversity. This practice however, could result in the introduction of wild behavioural phenotypes unable to adapt to captive-living conditions. Using four hatchery first-generation hybrid crosses and two fully domesticated stocks of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in British Columbia, we examined behavioural responses to common aquaculture practices such as abrupt environmental change and novel feed types in juvenile fish. Controlling for mass, we found crosses varied in their behaviours to a novel setting and preferences for natural versus commercial diets. These differences were furthermore associated with rearing environment and stock-level growth rate and body size. Our results suggest selecting for phenotypes that behaviourally exhibit better coping mechanisms and greater flexibility in response to change is possible, and when in combination with growth metrics, should be an integral part of producing the desired farmed fish. Behaviours that allow commercial anadromous fish to easily transition to captive environmental conditions can benefit production and also animal welfare.

Palonostron with aprepitant plus dexamethasone to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) during gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) in urothelial cancer (UC) patients: A multi-institutional retrospective study in Japan.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kitamura ◽  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Hotta ◽  
Ryuichi Kato ◽  
Yasuharu Kunishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Standard Regimen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

362 Background: GC combination chemotherapy of is a standard regimen for advanced UC. Although this is a highly emetogenic chemotherapy, there has been no study concerning antiemetic prophylaxis for CINV during GC. The aims of this study were to evaluate CINV during GC and to compare the antiemetic efficacy of the triple combination of palonosetron, aprepitant and dexamethasone with that of our old regimen using first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional review of the medical records of 122 patients who received GC for advanced urothelial cancer between February 2005 and January 2012. Uncontrolled CINV events were identified through records of nausea and vomiting, additional infusion, rescue medications, and/or records of food intake. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were classified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. Results: A total of 75 and 47 patients were treated with first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron or granisetron) plus dexamethasone (group 1) and palonosetron with dexamethasone plus aprepitant (group 2), respectively. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or the dose of cisplatin between the 2 groups. Patients in group 2 had significantly higher CR (defined as no emetic episodes and no rescue medication use) rates than those in group 1 during the overall phase in the first cycle (85.7% versus 65.3%, p=0.012) and all cycles (78.7% versus 50.7%, p=0.0019) of GC. Patients in group 2 were more likely to achieve more favorable CINV control, e.g., a lower grade of nausea, vomiting, or anorexia, lower incidence of rescue therapy required, and shorter time to become CINV-free, than patients in group 1. Conclusions: This study shows that palonosetron in combination with aprepitant and dexamethasone is more effective to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in UC patients treated with GC than first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists plus dexamethasone.

Effects of Pair Bond and Presence of Conspecifics On Singing in Captive Zebra Finches

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Zann ◽  
Andrew M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Extra Pair Mating ◽  
Territorial Function

AbstractUndirected Song is commonly performed in wild and captive zebra finches and is typically given by males partly isolated from other members of the flock or colony. It has no territorial function nor it is used during precoital courtship; its frequency varies strongly among individuals. However, its rate of performance is severely limited by the close proximity of conspecifics, and this study investigated what social factors are responsible for this constraint in first-generation offspring of wild-caught zebra finches. The close presence of females caused a greater reduction in singing than did that of males. Familiarity between companions and the singer was also a factor that reduced the rate of singing. The more familiar the singer became with a female the more often he would sing in her presence, whereas the opposite occurred with males - singing was more prevalent with strangers than with familiar companions. Pair formation reduced a singer's sensitivity to inhibitory factors associated with the close proximity of conspecifics. Simple visual and auditory contact with a conspecific was not sufficient to constrain Undirected Singing, but intense, close range interactions appear to be necessary. It is hypothesised that Undirected Singing is used to attract females for pair formation or extra-pair mating, but the close proximity of male companions and/or the mate hampers this. However, in a competitive mate choice experiment there was no significant correlation between the rate at which a male gave Undirected Song and order of the pair formation. This suggests that Undirected Singing may not be crucial in the ultimate choice of a mate, but it may still be a useful cue at the outset of pair formation.

The Digestion of Pollen by Some Australian Birds

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Wooller ◽  
KC Richardson ◽  
CM Pagendham
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
Poephila Guttata

About one-third of all banksia pollen grains excreted 1-2 hours after ingestion by captive New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), zebra finches (Poephila guttata) and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), had lost their protoplasmic contents. Most pollen passed through the digestive systems of these birds in 4-5 hours and up to 44% of grains were digested. The faeces of wild purple- crowned lorikeets (Glossopsitta porphyrocephala) showed a similar proportion of empty grains. In the budgerigar, honeyeater and lorikeet, loss of contents of pollen grains occurred, not in the stomach, but progressively along the intestine.

scholarly journals Evidence of tutoring in the development of subsong in newly-fledged Meyer's Parrots Poicephalus meyeri

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Masin ◽  
Renato Massa ◽  
Luciana Bottoni
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poephila Guttata ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
First Year Of Life

Subsongs are vocal trials uttered by young birds to practice songs. Among songbirds, subsongs are displayed by individuals in their first year of life. Studies on Zebra Finches Poephila guttata suggest that the juveniles learn their songs from a vocal tutor, their father. In this study we examine the subsongs in six captive-born Meyer's Parrots Poicephalus meyeri, from fledging time to weaning. Recordings of songs from chicks and fathers were analyzed for similarities in frequency and time parameters. With age, the subsongs of the chicks became more similar to the vocalizations of the fathers with 20% similarity rating in the first week after fledging to 100% at weaning time. Moreover, fledged chicks were exposed to a wide range of stimuli from several species of parrots breeding pairs caged nearby but chicks exclusively learned their fathers' songs. Our data support the hypothesis that Meyer's Parrots are vocal learners and use their father as their tutor.

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