Water and Sodium Intake, and Estimated Food Consumption, in Free-Living Eastern Quolls, Dasyurus Viverrinus.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
IH Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Highly Correlated

Seasonal rates of water and sodium influx were estimated in free-living eastern quolls, Dasyurus viverrinus, in southern Tasmania, by means of tritiated water and 22Na turnover. Water and Na influxes were highly correlated and served as indices for estimating rates of food consumption. Influx rates were highest during winter and in late-stage lactating females in spring, indicating increased use of energy for thermogenesis and lactation. Comparative aspects of water turnover and metabolism in free-living marsupials are discussed.

Rates of Water Turnover in Marsupials and Eutherians: a Comparative Review With New Data on the Tasmanian Devil.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sarcophilus Harrisii

Water turnover rates of Tasmania devils, Sarcophilus harrisii, were measured under standardized conditions by use of tritiated water. Total body water of lactating females was lower than in non- lactating animals, while water turnover rates per kilogram were not significantly different, due to a higher rate constant for lactating animals. Mean water turnover rates were considerably higher than predicted from other marsupial studies. Statistical analysis of data from 13 species of marsupial and 27 eutherian species showed habitat to have a far greater effect on standard water turnover rate than phylogeny.

Evaluation of the accuracy of 22Na and tritiated water for the estimation of food consumption and fat reserves in passerine birds

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gauthier ◽  
Donald W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Breeding Attempt ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

We validated the use of 22Na and 3H for the measurement of food intake, total body water, and fat reserves in free-living passerines. The close correlation between sodium intake and blood sodium turnover (r2 = 0.98) and the narrow 95% confidence limits on the relationship (± 11% for Na consumption over 6.0 mmol) show that the 22Na technique may give precise estimates of food intake for individuals. The 3H technique does not provide precise measures of fat reserves in individuals because estimates of body fat have an error term ranging from 25 to 150%. However, it is sufficiently precise to allow the comparison of fat reserves between groups of birds. We provide a field test showing that adult Cliff Swallows have 60.3% lower fat reserves during a second breeding attempt compared with the first.

The Effects of a Temperature-Determined Food-Supply on the Annual Activity Cycle of the Lesser Long-Eared Bat, Nyctophilus-Geoffroyi Leach, 1821 (Microchiroptera, Vespertilionidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAH Ellis ◽  
TG Marples ◽  
WR Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Free Ranging

Tritiated-water turnover rates for captive Nyctophilus geoffroyi were highest at 1031.3 mL L-1 day-1 for lactating females in January 1985 and lowest at 82.5 mL L-1 day-1 for females receiving a temperature-determined food supply in July 1985. Daily rates of water turnover were generally higher for males than females, and for bats receiving ad libitum food than for those receiving a controlled food supply throughout winter, indicating that food availability affects torpor in N. geoffroyi. Pre-winter fat deposition was more efficient under conditions of a temperature-determined food supply, where activity, weight and fat-level fluctuations of captive N. geoffroyi closely resembled those known for free-ranging temperate-zone microchiropterans.

Patterns of Prey Consumption and Energy Use in a Small Carnivorous Marsupial, Antechinus-Stuartii

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
P Catling ◽  
G Turner
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Carnivorous Marsupial

The metabolic and water flux rates of free-living Antechinus stuartii were measured by means of doubly-labelled water. These data allowed rates of food consumption to be estimated on a seasonal and annual basis and variations in body fat reserves to be monitored. There were marked seasonal variations in energy and water use; the highest rates were found in lactating females during late spring, the lowest were recorded in males during the breeding season just prior to their deaths. These results are discussed with regard to the breeding pattern, and it is demonstrated that the existence of males in the population during spring could seriously constrain breeding success.

A Seasonal Study of Body Condition and Water Turnover in a Free-Living Population of Platypuses, Ornithorhynchus Anatinus (Monotremata).

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Hulbert ◽  
TR Grant
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Juvenile Males

Body condition was assessed in a population of free-living platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in the Upper Shoalhaven River in summer (February) and winter (September). Total body fat was estimated by measurement of tritiated water space and tail volume was also measured. Carcass analysis of dead platypuses verified a negative correlation between percentage body fat and percentage body water. The major store of body fat is located in the tail. In the live polulation, adult platypuses showed little seasonal change in body fat. Juveniles are relatively fat in February (soon after their emergence from their burrows) but at the end of their first winter they have lost a considerable amount of body fat. Juvenile males seem to possess negligible body fat stores in September. Changes in relative tail volume showed similar changes to those of estimated body fat. Some platypuses were recaught, and for these water turnover was calculated to be very high, at about 480 ml daily.

Adaptations to prolonged fasting in free-living weaned gray seal pups

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. R267-R272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gray Seal ◽  
Composition Changes

The water and energy metabolism of 12 free-living gray seal pups during their postweaning fast was investigated using tritiated water for determination of rates of energy expenditure and water turnover and changes in body composition. Changes in serum composition and urinary output were also measured. The duration of the postweaning fast ranged from 10 to greater than 28 days. The mean daily energy expenditure of pups was 12.0 +/- 1.0 (SE) MJ, equivalent to 2.7 times the basal metabolic rate predicted from M. Kleiber (The Fire of Life. Huntington, NY: Krieger, 1975). On average, lipid catabolism provided 94% of the energy used. Water-turnover rates were lower than predicted from C. R. Richmond, W. H. Langham, and T. T. Trujillo (J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59: 45-55, 1962). Urinary output of water and solute were also low, and these declined as the fast progressed. Although pups were in negative water balance, there was no evidence that they experience dehydration during the post-weaning fast. The principal adaptations to prolonged fasting in weaned gray seals are, therefore, lowering of field metabolic and water-turnover rate and reliance on stored lipid as fuel.

Isotope recycling in lactating dogs (Canis familiaris)

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R669-R676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scantlebury ◽  
Waring Hynds ◽  
Derek Booles ◽  
John R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Peak Lactation

Isotope-based techniques for the measurement of water turnover, energy expenditure, and milk intake often assume that there is no recycling of isotopes once they have left the labeled animal. In experiments involving lactating females or their suckling offspring, there are several possible routes of isotope recycling. These include the consumption of labeled milk by offspring, the ingestion of labeled excreta, and the rebreathing of exhaled labeled CO2 or water vapor by both mother and offspring. Isotope recycling might be especially important during lactation because the offspring are in close contact with each other and their mother for prolonged periods. We show here in 24- to 30-day-old domestic dog Canis familiarispuppies that there was no detectable transfer of 18O or2H from labeled to unlabeled pups in two litters (16 pups, 8 labeled, 8 unlabeled) that were weaned early and independent of their mother. However, there was a significant transfer of both isotopes from labeled to unlabeled pups and from labeled pups to their mothers in nine equivalent nursing litters of the same age (27 labeled, 26 unlabeled pups). The increases in enrichment of isotopes in unlabeled offspring were greater than the increases in enrichment of the mothers. This indicates that maternal ingestion of offspring excreta and subsequent transfer of isotope in milk is not the sole pathway of recycling. Additional routes must also be important, such as exchange of isotope between pups on saliva-coated nipples and perhaps direct ingestion of excreta by unweaned young. Recycling is unlikely to be an important factor when determining maternal metabolic rate during peak lactation in domestic dogs. However, experiments that are designed to assess the energy demands of pups and isotope-based estimates of water turnover in offspring may need to take into account any effects of isotope recycling. In a theoretical example, removing the effects of recycling increased the measured energy expenditure in pups by up to 7% and increased the calculated elimination rates of both isotopes by up to 11.1% in 18oxygen and 10.9% in2hydrogen.

scholarly journals Trends in Fermented Food Consumption and Sodium Intake from Fermented Foods for Korean Adults Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (P18-025-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyoung Kim ◽  
Jeanne Freeland-Graves ◽  
Hyun Ja Kim
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives To examine the trends in the consumption of fermented foods and sodium intake over time, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods This research study is a secondary analysis using KNHANES data from 1998 to 2016 which is a cross-sectional survey. The target population was Korean adults, ages ≥19 years and the total number was 76,199, with 32,324 men and 43,875 women. Assessment of fermented food consumption and sodium intake was conducted via analysis of 24-hour dietary recall data. Multivariate linear regressions and logistic regressions were performed to calculate the P for trends by applying strata, cluster, and sampling weights by SAS PROC SURVEY. Age was standardized for all analyses in order to calculate P for trends for education, income, fermented food consumption, and sodium intake. Results A significant decline in fermented food consumption was observed in both men and women (P < 0.0001). Among fermented foods, kimchi consumption was greatly reduced while pickled vegetables consumption showed a marked increase. Similarly, sodium intake from fermented foods significantly declined over time in both men and women (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The consumption of fermented foods and sodium intake from fermented foods by Korean adults significantly decreased over time from 1998 to 2016. Funding Sources N/A.

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