Body Weight, Sex Ratio and Seasonal Reproductive Changes in the Indian Mole Rat, Bandicota bengalensis in the Punjab

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kaur ◽  
SS Guraya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Post Implantation

A study has been made of seasonal changes in the body weights of males and females, and of ovarian and uterine weights, in the Indian mole rat, Bandicota bengalensis, between July 1976 and June 1978, from areas surrounding Ludhiana (30�56'N.,75�52'E.). An attempt has been made to correlate them and peaks in reproductive activity with environmental factors such as daylength, temperature, rainfall and availability of food. During both years of study, the percentage of males was 45.2. The body, ovary and uterus were lighter during winter, and then gained weight, with peaks during April and August-September. Males were generally heavier than females. On the whole, 34.7% of females were either pregnant or lactating. The breeding season extended from mid-February to mid-October. Two peaks in breeding activity (April and August-September), with a decline during June, were separated by a period of reproductive inactivity from November to mid-February. The average litter size was 8.88 (range 5-13). Embryos occurred with almost the same frequency in the left and right uterine horns. The pre-implantation mortality was 9.6% and post-implantation mortality 4.8%; thus the total prenatal mortality was 13.7%. The percentage of embryos found resorbing was 4.1. The results have been discussed in the light of the literature on the reproductive biology of rodents in this region.

A note on annual reproductive rhythm in Marwari sheep of the Rajasthan Desert in India

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Western India ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACTSeasonal fluctuations in oestrous activity and live weight were studied in ewes of the Marwari breed indigenous to the Rajasthan Desert in north-western India. Of the ewes examined 80 to 100% were in oestrus every month of the year, indicating thereby the non-seasonality of female reproductive activity in this breed. On average, each ewe exhibited heat 18 times a year. The incidence of silent heats was low (4·2 %). The average length of an oestrous cycle was 17 days, while the actual period of oestrus varied from 24 to 48 h with an average of 36 h. No seasonal effect on these activities could be observed. The maximum and minimum body weights of the animals were recorded during the autumn (October) and summer (June) months respectively. The body weights differed significantly (P<0·05) between months. Sexual activity in these animals is, therefore, apparently not affected by changes in body weight. The continuous nature of oestrous activity in Marwari sheep may be economically exploited by regulating the lambing season according o t the prevailing ecological conditions and market demands, without the use of hormones.

scholarly journals Study of Second and Fourth Digit Lengths and Their Ratios With Physical Attributes in Nepali Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Biswas Satyal ◽  
Abhishek Satyal
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Hand Deformities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: The ratio of the lengths of the index and the ring finger (2D:4D ratio) is generally different between men and women. A number of studies have shown a correlation between the 2D:4D digit ratio and various physical and behavioral traits. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of the index (2nd) and ring (4th) digit ratios with some physical traits in Nepal population. Material & Method: 200 students (100 males and 100 females) between ages of 18 years and above were randomly selected with exclusion of those with hand deformities. The digit lengths were measured from the basal crease to the tips usingvernier calipers. The 2D:4D ratios were determined for each subject while height and weight were used to calculate the body mass index and data analyzed. The study was conducted between January 2018 to November 2018. Result: The result of the anthropometric study of the differences in index (2D) and ring (4D) and their ratios shows that there was a significant difference between the length of index finger (2D), ring finger (4D) and the ratios of right hand's 2D:4D in both males and females. There was appositive correlation between the second digit length and Height and weight in males and females both on right and left sides. The 2D:4D ratio for both left and right hand did not show any positive correlation with height, weight or BMI of an individual.

Prediction of body weights of Nellore sheep under field condition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rani ◽  
B. Ekambaram ◽  
B. Punya Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nellore Sheep

Data on 1350 Nellore sheep of 2, 4, 6 and 8-teeth age, reared under field conditions in 12 mandals of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were utilized for development of prediction equations and study the phenotypic association among body measurements and body weights. The coefficients of correlation between body weight with the height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length were positive and high in magnitude in both males and females in majority of the age groups studied. Step-down regression equations were fitted to predict the body weight based on biometrical measurements at different ages. The height at withers, chest girth, paunch girth, hip width and body length have contributed significantly to the expression of body weights at the majority of the ages studied. High coefficient of determination (R2) value was observed in males at 6 and 8-teeth age as 88 per cent, while in females 50 per cent at 2-teeth age.

Breed characteristics of Mecheri sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karunanithi ◽  
M.R. Purushothaman ◽  
A.K. Thiruvenkadan ◽  
G. Singh ◽  
D.K. Sadana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
The North ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Compact Body ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
North Western

SummaryThis study was carried out on 2 309 households in 60 villages with the objective of documenting the performance of Mecheri sheep in their native environment. The study revealed that Mecheri sheep were distributed in Salem, Erode, Karur, Namakkal and parts of Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu. This tract lies in the north-western agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu and the climate is generally hot, semi-arid and tropical in nature.The average flock size of Mecheri sheep was 24, of which, there were 1 ram, 17 ewes and 6 lambs. Mecheri sheep of medium size with a compact body and covered with short hairs, which are not shorn. They are light brown in colour. Their profile reveals a slightly Roman nose. Both males and females are polled. The pooled means for height at withers, chest girth and body length at above 24 months of age were 67±0.4, 74±0.4 and 66±0.4 cm, respectively. The body weight of the animals at birth 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age was 2.82±0.01, 10.9±0.1, 15.6±0.1, 17.6±0.2 and 21.1±0.1, kg respectively. The dressing percentage of males and females was 54.4±0.4 and 51.8±0.5, respectively. Average ages at first oestrus, mating and lambing were 12.1±0.1, 12.4±0.1 and 17.4±0.1 months, respectively. The average lambing interval was 226±0.7 days and the average litter size was one.

THE VALUE OF ADDING IRON AND NONFAT DRY MILK SOLIDS TO A MILK DIET IN THE RECOVERY OF ANEMIC RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
B. J. Demott
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Ferric Pyrophosphate ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk ◽  
Milk Solids

Weanling rats were fed only homogenized vitamin D milk for 3 weeks at which time the body weights were about 105 g and the hematocrit values were 20.4 for males and 22.8 for females. They were then fed milk plus 10 ppm elemental iron in the form of ferric pyrophosphate, milk plus 10% added nonfat dry milk solids, or milk plus 10 ppm iron plus 10% nonfat dry milk solids. After 3 weeks on the milk-plus-iron diets, the hematocrit values for males and females were about 30 and 40, respectively. Weekly body weights and hematocrit values showed the two iron-supplemented diets to be nutritionally similar (P&gt;.05) when rats were fed ad libitum. Rats fed milk plus added nonfat dry milk solids were significantly lower (P&lt;.05) in body weight after 10 weeks of age and significantly lower (P&lt;.05) in hematocrit value after 8 weeks as compared to rats fed either of the iron-supplemented diets.

scholarly journals Otolith And Growth Pattern Layang Fish, Decapterus Muroadsi Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 In Manado Bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yulianti Umar ◽  
Fransine B. Manginsela ◽  
Ruddy D. Moningkey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Total Length ◽  
A Value ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research is to know the distribution of the size of Decapterus muroadsi, to describe otolit that is otolith length (Po), width otolith (Lo), perimeter / otolith circumference (Ko), otolith area (Ao), and determine the relationship of total length and body weight of fish kite Decapterus muroadsi in Manado Bay. The sampling was conducted in August - December 2017 of the gliders obtained during the study of 135 individuals in which males were 87 individuals and 48 female individuals. Distribution of the total length of the globe and the body height of the globe fish 190 mm - 225 mm, weighs 63 grams - 154 grams, the female fish has a total length of 205 mm - 250 mm, and weighst 88 grams - 159 grams. To know the morphometric perimeter otolith left and right perimeter otolith fish taken to be taken as otolith samples of male fish (15 individuals) and females (15 individuals). The results of the comparison analysis were found for the left and right otolith of male trooper with otolith length (Po) 0.796, perimeterr / otolith circumference (Ko) 0.621, and otolith area (Ao) 0.268 and females with 0.027 otolith (Po) 0.057, perimeter / otolith (Ko) 0.231, and otolith area (Ao) 0.858, males and females did not differ significantly between left otolith and right otolite where t-hit <from t-table as for otolith (O2) 2,371 and otolith otolith otolith (Lo) 2,952 differs markedly where t-hit> from t-table. Kites, Decapterus muroadsi used as a sample in the study were 135 individuals divided into 3 parts, namely males and females and combined (males and females). Based on the result of growth pattern analysis on the value of the fish b of the Decapterus muroadsi male has t-hit> t-table (4E - 06> 1,998) and mixed (and female) have t-hit> t-table (4E-06 - 1,997) Therefore H1 is accepted as (allometric) and females have t-hit <t-table (3E-O6-1,679) has a value b where hypothesis H1 is accepted as isometric. Keywords: Decapterus muroadsi, Describing, Otolith, male, females ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran ukuran ikan layang Decapterus muroadsi, mendeskripsikan otolit yakni panjang otolit (Po), lebar otolit (Lo), perimeter/keliling otolit (Ko), area otolit (Ao), dan menentukan hubungan panjang total dan berat tubuh ikan layang Decapterus muroadsi di Teluk Manado. Pengambilan sampel  ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus – Desember 2017 ikan layang yang di peroleh selama penelitian sebanyak 135 individu di mana jantan 87 individu dan betina 48 individu. Sebaran ukuran panjang total ikan layang dan berat tubuh ikan layang jantan 190 mm – 225 mm, berat 63 gram – 154 gram, ikan layang betina memiliki panjang total 205 mm – 250 mm, dan berat 88 gram – 159 gram, Untuk mengetahui perimeter morfometrik otolit kiri dan kanan perimeter otolit ikan layang yang diambil untuk dijadikan sampel otolit ikan layang jantan berjumlah (15 individu) dan betina (15 individu). Hasil analisis perbandingan ternyata untuk otolit kiri dan kanan ikan layang jantan dengan Panjang otolit (Po) 0,796, perimeterr / keliling otolit (Ko) 0,621, dan  area otolit (Ao) 0,268 dan betina dengan Panjang otolit (Po) 0,057, perimeter/keliling otolit (Ko) 0,231, dan area otolit (Ao) 0,858, jantan dan betina tidak berbeda nyata antara otolit kiri dan otolit kanan di mana t-hit < dari t-tabel adapun untuk otolit jantan lebar otolit (Lo) 2,371 dan otolit betina  lebar otolit (Lo) 2,952 berbeda nyata di mana t-hit > dari t-tabel. Ikan layang, Decapterus muroadsi yang digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 135 individu yang di bagi dalam 3 bagian yaitu jantan dan betina serta gabungan (jantan dan betina). Berdasarkan hasil analisis pola pertumbuhan terhadap nilai b ikan layang Decapterus muroadsi jantan memiliki t-hit> t-tabel (4E – 06 >1,998) serta campuran (jantan dan betina) memiliki t-hit> t-tabel (4E-06 – 1,997) Maka dari itu H1 di terima sebagai (allometrik) dan betina memiliki t-hit< t-tabel (3E-O6– 1,679) memiliki nilai b dimana hipotesis H1 diterima sebagai isometrik.Kata kunci : Decapterus muroadsi, mendeskripsikan, otolit, jantan, betina

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of the peacock bass Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae), an exotic species in a Neotropical reservoir

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto B. C. Vieira ◽  
Luiz F. Salvador-Jr. ◽  
Rafael M. C. Melo ◽  
Gilmar B. Santos ◽  
Nilo Bazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Peacock Bass

To analyze the reproductive biology of the peacock bass Cichla piquiti, 361 specimens were collected bimonthly in the Itumbiara Reservoir, southeast Brazil, from December 2004 to November 2005. Males and females in reproductive activity occurred during almost the entire year, with reproductive peak occurring before the beginning of the rains when the water temperature remained low, indicating that these environmental variables do not directly influence in the reproduction of C. piquiti. The long reproductive period, partially spent ovaries contained postovulatory follicles and oocytes in all developmental stages, indicate asynchronous development of oocytes and multiple spawning. The mean total lengthand body weigth were, respectively, 38.2 ± 7 cm and 965.0 ± 654.0 g for males and 37.4 ± 6.1 cm and 899.0 ± 495.0 g for females, statistically showing no sexual dimorphism in size. The smallest male and female found in advanced maturation stage measured 31.0 cm and 29.0 cm of total length, respectively. The body condition (K) of males and females did not present significant differences during the reproductive cycle and the slope (b) of the length-weight relationship was 3.22, suggesting that reproduction and the annual hydrology cycle do not interfere in the health condition. Cichla piquiti is an exotic piscivore fish that is well adapted to this Neotropical reservoir, which exhibits environmental conditions considerably different from its original habitat. This study indicates that the species presents plasticity in reproduction and in allocation of resources, probably due the aseasonality of the reservoir and the exploitation of native species.

scholarly journals Effect of body weights of day-old Muscovy ducklings on growths and carcass traits

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kleczek ◽  
E. Wilkiewicz-Wawro ◽  
K. Wawro ◽  
W. Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Light Medium

Abstract. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of the body weights of day-old Muscovy ducklings on some slaughter value traits of females aged ten weeks and males aged twelve weeks. The relationships between the body weights of day-old ducklings, daily gains and slaughter value of grown-up ducks were also analyzed. The experimental materials comprised 96 White Muscovy ducklings (46 ♂ and 50 ♀). Males and females were reared separately, to twelve and ten weeks of age respectively. At the completion of the rearing period the birds were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed. The carcasses were chilled, weighed and subjected to a detailed dissection. Before statistical calculations were carried out, males and females were divided into five weight groups, depending on their body weights on the first day following hatching. At the end of the experiment it was found that the grown-up ducks once classified as light, medium-heavy and heavy ducklings did not differ significantly in terms of body weight, mean daily gains, carcass weight, as well as the weight and percentage of particular tissue components in a carcass. Low and statistically non-significant values of the coefficients of simple correlation and regression suggest a lack of interdependences between the body weights of day-old ducklings and the slaughter value parameters of adult Muscovy ducks. The only exception was the carcass dressing percentage of males, which was found to be significantly negatively correlated with their body weights on the first day of life.

scholarly journals Prediction of body weight of broilers at different ages from linear body measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
F.O Adeniji ◽  
K. L. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prediction Efficiency ◽  
Linear Body

The prediction of live body weight from six body measurements was studied using the Cobb broiler strain. A total of two hundred and sixty four chicks comprising of one hundred and thirty four at males and females were used. Mean body weights day-old, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of age were 36.7g, 276.16g, 856.72, 1,334.1g and 1,762g respectively for the sexes combined. Males were generally more uniform in body weight and the body measurements than the females as indicated by the lower coefficient of variability (2.53% vs 3.38% for body weight at 3 weeks of age). The males were slightly (P<0.05) heavier than the females at 9 and 12 weeks of age. Cumulative weight gain was more rapid between 3 and 6 weeks of age and decreased with age up to the 12th week. The correlations, linear and stepwise regression equations reveal linear relationships between body weight and all body measurements (Body length, Body girth, Keel length, Shank length, Drumstick length and Shank thickness). Live body weight of bird was best predicted singly using keel length at 3 and 9 weeks of age and body girth and the 12th week. However with a combination of two to four of the body measurements, the prediction efficiency was enhanced.

scholarly journals False head complexity and evidence of predator attacks in male and female hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera: Theclinae: Eumaeini) from Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7143
Author(s):  
Eric Novelo Galicia ◽  
Moisés Armando Luis Martínez ◽  
Carlos Cordero
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Head Area

In many butterfly species, the posterior end of the hindwings of individuals perching with their wings closed resembles a butterfly head. This “false head” pattern is considered an adaptation to deflect predator attacks to less vulnerable parts of the body. The presence of symmetrical damage in left and right wings is considered evidence of failed predator attacks to perching butterflies. In this research, we tested the prediction derived from the deflection hypothesis that the degree of resemblance of the false head area (FH) to a real head, as measured by the number of FH “components” (eyespots, “false antennae”, modified outline of the FH area and lines converging on the FH area) present in the hindwings, is positively correlated to the frequency of symmetrical damage in the FH area. We studied specimens from two scientific collections of butterflies of the subfamily Theclinae (Lycaenidae) belonging to the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Colección Nacional de Insectos [CNIN] and Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias [MZFC]). We scored the presence of symmetrical damage in a sample of 20,709 specimens (CNIN: 3,722; MZFC: 16,987) from 126 species (CNIN: 78 species; MZFC: 117 species; 71 species shared by both collections) whose hindwings vary in the number of FH components, and found that, as predicted, the proportion of specimens with symmetrical damage increases as the number of FH components increases. We also tested the hypothesis that behavioural differences between the sexes makes males more prone to receive predator attacks and, thus, we predicted a higher frequency of symmetrical damage in the FH of males than in that of females. We found that the frequency of symmetrical damage was not significantly different between males and females, suggesting that behavioural differences between the sexes produce no differences in the risk of being attacked. Overall, our results provide support to the idea that the FH of butterflies is an adaptation that deflects predator attacks to less vulnerable parts of the body in both sexes.

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