Atmospheric ozone concentration and the colour vision of insect pollinators

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Diffuse Illumination ◽  
Insect Pollinators

Using a theoretical model of honeybee colour vision, and considering direct and diffuse illumination conditions, it is shown that a large reduction in atmospheric ozone concentration would have a minimal effect on bee colour vision over the whole of their colour space.

Spectral Sensitivity of Photoreceptors and Colour Vision in the Solitary Bee, Osmia Rufa

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
R. MENZEL ◽  
E. STEINMANN ◽  
J. DE SOUZA ◽  
W. BACKHAUS
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Perceptual Distance ◽  
Line Elements ◽  
Colour Signals

The spectral sensitivity of single photoreceptors of Osmia rufa was determined by a fast voltage-clamp technique. Three receptor types were found whose spectral sensitivity functions followed a rhodopsin-like photopigment absorption function with λmax values at 348nm (ultraviolet receptor), 436nm (blue receptor) and 572nm (green receptor). The λmax of the green receptor in Osmia rufa is shifted to much longer wavelengths compared with other insect species. Discrimination of colour signals was tested after training a bee at the entrance to its nest. The colour signals were filter discs (70 mm in diameter) with a hole (10 mm in diameter) in the centre and the bees quickly learned to use the coloured disc as a marker of the nest entrance. Tests were dual forced-choice tests with two coloured discs closely positioned next to each other. 94 different tests were each repeated 5–15 times and were performed after training to 12 different colour signals. A photoreceptor model was used to calculate the loci of the colour signals in a three-dimensional colour space and in a chromaticity diagram. The perceptual distance between the colour loci was calculated as line elements (minimum number of just noticeable difference, jnd-steps), which were based on the noiseproperties of the photoreceptors. The discrimination determined by the behavioural tests correlated very well with the jnd-steps. The correlation was better for the line elements in the colour plane than in the colour space. Osmia rufa was compared with the honeybee Apis mellifera and the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata. There is no difference in colour selection between Osmia and Apis, whereas Melipona discriminates less well in the violet-blue region. The model calculation was used to compare the chromaticity diagrams and the spectral discrimination functions of the three species. It is concluded that the receptor model used in this study predicts the discrimination behaviour of the three bee species very well. Therefore, comparative studies on colour vision in flowervisiting insects may be based on spectral measurements of the photoreceptors, and in many cases this reduces the extent of laborious behavioural studies.

Optimum probabilistic processing in colour perception. II. Colour vision as template matching

1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1159) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Line Element ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Wavelength Filter ◽  
Basic Constraint ◽  
Optimum Estimate

A statistical approach to account for psychophysical phenomena in human colour vision is presented. The central visual processor is viewed as an optimum recognizer of stochastic patterns supplied by the periphery. The processor makes an optimum estimate of the spectral parameters of the stimulus, given the wavelength filter characteristics of the periphery, the stochastic nature of the information and an internal template to which the external stimulus is matched. The estimate is constrained in ways inferred from empirical phenomena. Subjective brightness of mono­chromatic stimuli and related constant brightness manifolds in the colour space constitute the constraint for brightness estimation. Results analogous and in accord with those of earlier line element theories are obtained. The Bezold-Brücke hue shift constitutes the basic constraint for hue estimation. The hue estimate involves interrelation between the fields in the experiment. Similarities and differences both in basic conceptions and results introduced by the template matching notions are discussed.

scholarly journals Near-optimal rotation of colour space by zebrafish cones in vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Baden ◽  
Takeshi Yoshimatsu ◽  
Philipp Bartel ◽  
Cornelius Schroeder ◽  
Filip Janiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Complete Circuit ◽  
And Function

Abstract For colour vision, retinal circuits must separate information about intensity and wavelength. This requires circuit-level comparison of at least two spectrally distinct photoreceptors. However, many vertebrates use four or more, and in those cases the nature and implementation of this computation remains poorly understood. Here, we establish the complete circuit architecture and function of outer retinal circuits underlying colour processing in the tetrachromatic larval zebrafish. Our findings reveal that the specific spectral tunings of the four cone types near optimally rotate the encoding of natural daylight in a principal component analysis (PCA)-like manner to yield one primary achromatic axis, two colour-opponent axes as well as a secondary UV-achromatic axis for prey capture. We note that fruit flies – the only other tetrachromat species where comparable circuit-level information is available - use essentially the same strategy to extract spectral information from their relatively blue-shifted terrestrial visual world. Together, our results suggest that rotating colour space into achromatic and chromatic axes at the eye’s first synapse may be a fundamental principle of colour vision when using more than two spectrally well-separated photoreceptor types.

The Trend of Atmospheric Ozone Concentration in Taiwan, 1996–2009

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S207
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yi Cheng ◽  
Yaoh-Shiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone

A theoretical model of atmospheric ozone depletion

1994 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Midya ◽  
P. K. Jana ◽  
T. Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone

Influence of emissions from iron and steel mills on the atmospheric ozone concentration. Part 1

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
A. L. Petelin ◽  
A. V. Deeva ◽  
K. V. Vishnyakova ◽  
Yu. S. Yusfin
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Mills
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