Observations on the chromosomes and reproductive systems of four macropodine interspecific hybrids (Marsupialia : Macropodidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Smith ◽  
DL Hayman ◽  
RM Hope
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Female Hybrid ◽  
Potential Use

Four interspecific hybrids (male parent first), Macropus robustus X M. rufus (a female), Wallabia bicolor X M. rufogriseus (a male), M. agilis X M. rufogriseus (a male) and M. eugenii X M. dorsalis (a male), have been verified by their chromosome number and morphology. In the hybrid W. bicolor X M. rufogriseus mosaicism occurred in the lymphocytes for the number of Y chromosomes present. The pelage and skull of each hybrid showed some characteristics of each of the parent species. All hybrids were sterile. The male hybrids had scrotal testes with abundant tubules but no spermatogenesis. The female hybrid lacked the left ovary and had an otherwise complete reproductive system. The potential use of the hybrids involving M. rufogriseus for cell biological studies is discussed.

scholarly journals A Fertile Tetraploid Anigozanthos Hybrid Produced by in Vitro Colchicine Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Sterile Hybrid ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Kangaroo paw is a new cut flower crop native to Australia. There are several interspecific hybrids with improved flower colors, heat tolerance, and growth habit. These hybrids are sterile due to divergent evolution of the parent species. Colchicine was used to double the chromosome number of one important sterile hybrid. This hybrid is everblooming. dwarf. and heat tolerant. The resulting allodiploid was fertile, and progeny are now being evaluated.

Y Chromosomes in Male Psychiatric Patients above 180 cm. Tall

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (517) ◽  
pp. 1589-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromatin ◽  
Male Patients

All male patients above 180 cm. tall who were resident in the Århus State Hospital on 13 April, 1966, were registered: they numbered 42 out of the total of 440 resident males (8 · 1 per cent.). One patient, a 78-year-old man, died before chromosome analysis was made. Sex-chromatin analysis was made on Feulgenstained buccal smears and chromosome analysis was made on leucocyte cultures according to the method described by Moorhead et al. (1960), slightly modified. Not less than 25 metaphases were counted, at least 15 metaphases with the modal figure and all metaphases with a chromosome number deviating from the modal figures were analysed.

CYTOGENETICS OF SOME SPECIES AND NATURAL HYBRIDS IN PROSOPIS (LEGUMINOSAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hunziker ◽  
L. Poggio ◽  
C. A. Naranjo ◽  
R. A. Palacios ◽  
A. B. Andrada
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Regular Meiosis ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Cytological results on 12 species and 4 putative hybrids of Prosopis are presented. Of these, 5 species and 4 hybrids have been hitherto unknown cytologically. The following species proved to be diploid (2n = 28) and constitute new chromosome number determinations for the genus: P. algarobilla Griseb., P. hassleri Harms, P. nigra (Griseb.) Hieron., P. patagonica Speg., P. tamarugo Phil. The diploid nature of some races of P. juliflora (Sw.) DC. is established; apparently under this taxon there are also tetraploid populations. The following putative interspecific hybrids showed regular meiosis with formation of 14 bivalents: P. vinalillo Stuck. (P. ruscifolia × P. alba?), P. alba × P. nigra? and P. hassleri × P. ruscifolia?.So far 28 taxa of the genus have been studied cytologically; 27 of these are diploid. The scarcity of polyploidy in the genus (3.5%) might be a consequence of the almost general lack of means of vegetative reproduction and of the absence of chromosome repatterning in primary speciation. Results of other authors concerning cytological data are also discussed.

Glyphosate effects on the female reproductive systems: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Kaboli Kafshgiri ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
English Language ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Histological Changes

Abstract Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are organophosphate pesticides, which interrupt the chemicals involved in the endocrine system and cause lifelong disorders in women's reproductive system. The current study was designed to systematically evaluate the association between GBH exposure and the female reproductive tract. According to PRISMA Guidelines, the systematic review was performed, searching online databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, throughout April 2020. Studies with Rodent, lamb, and fish or exposed to GBH to affect the female reproductive system were selected. All studies were in the English language. Two investigators independently assessed the articles. The first author's name, publication date, animal model, age, sample size, gender, dose, duration, and route of exposure and outcomes were extracted from each publication. The present review summarizes 14 publications on uterus alterations and oocytes, histological changes ovary, and assessed mRNA expression, protein expression, serum levels progesterone, and estrogen and intracellular Reaction Oxygen Species (ROS) in rodents, fish, and lamb exposed to GHB exposure. Most of the studies reported histological changes in ovarian and uterus tissue, alterations in serum levels, and increased oxidative stress level following exposure to GBH. Additionally, due to alterations in the reproductive systems (e.g., histomorphological changes, reduction of the mature follicles, higher atretic follicles, and interstitial fibrosis), it seems the GBH-induced female these alterations are both dose- and time-dependent. The present findings support an association between GBH exposure and female reproductive system diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify the mechanisms disrupting the effects of GBH and their underlying mechanisms. Considering the current literature, it is recommended that further investigations be focused on the possible effects of various pesticides on the human reproductive system.

Oocyte and ovary morphological observation of gray wolf (Canis lupus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Xu-Guang Liu ◽  
Zhi-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Yun-Hai Zhang ◽  
Yun-Sheng Li ◽  
Fu-Gui Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe present study was carried out to describe the reproductive system of a single adult female wolf, including the uterine horns, cervix, ovaries and follicles. The cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) and oocytes were also examined. The results showed that the size of each ovary was about 9 × 6 mm with an average of weight of 461.3 mg. The uterus was Y-shaped, and the length of each uterine horn was 14 cm. The distance from the cervix to the bifurcation of the uterine horns was also 14 cm. The left ovary had two large follicles on the surface with a diameter more than 4 mm, while the right ovary had no protuberant follicles. The ovaries were covered with a lot of fat, and were well developed. The COCs derived from the antral follicles were dark, and the nuded oocytes had a dark cytoplasm. The diameter of the oocytes removed from the antral follicles was 116.8 μm on average. The ovaries had a smooth surface and all the follicles were under the surface except for two big follicles on the left ovary. Histological examination of the ovaries by haematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that the primordial, primary, preantral and antral follicles were scattered in the cortex, the medulla was abundant with blood vessels. This study preliminarily reveals the features of the wolf reproductive system and the structure of its oocytes and ovaries, which might be indicative for further study and the protection of the species.

scholarly journals Conjugates of Chitosan and Calcium Alginate with Oligoproline and Oligohydroxyproline Derivatives for Potential Use in Regenerative Medicine

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Joanna Wasko ◽  
Justyna Fraczyk ◽  
Angelika Becht ◽  
Zbigniew J. Kaminski ◽  
Sandra Flinčec Grgac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
External Environment ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Collagen Fragment ◽  
Potential Use

New materials that are as similar as possible in terms of structure and biology to the extracellular matrix (external environment) of cells are of great interest for regenerative medicine. Oligoproline and oligohydroxyproline derivatives (peptides 2–5) are potential mimetics of collagen fragments. Peptides 2–5 have been shown to be similar to the model collagen fragment (H-Gly-Hyp-Pro-Ala-Hyp-Pro-OH, 1) in terms of both their spatial structure and biological activity. In this study, peptides 2–5 were covalently bound to nonwovens based on chitosan and calcium alginate. Incorporation of the peptides was confirmed by Fourier transform -infrared (FT-IR) and zeta potential measurements. Biological studies (cell metabolic activity by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and Live/Dead assay) proved that the obtained peptide-polysaccharide conjugates were not toxic to the endothelial cell line EA.hy 926. In many cases, the conjugates had a highly affirmative influence on cell proliferation. The results of this study show that conjugates of chitosan and calcium alginate with oligoproline and oligohydroxyproline derivatives have potential for use in regenerative medicine.

The mitotic chromosomes of Marsupials and their bearing on taxonomy and phylogeny.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

Chromosome numbers of marsupials vary between 2n = 11 B 10 @ and 2n =24. Most species have 14 or 22 chromosomes. There is no evidence that polyploidy has occurred in marsupial evolution. The Dasyuridae have 12 metacentric autosomes, a small metacentric X-chromosome and a very small Y-chromosome (20% of living species have been studied) and the chromosomes of Myrmecobius fasciatus are typically like those of other Dasyuridae. The Peramelidae (30% of species have been studied) have chromosomes like the Dasyuridae except that X- and Y-chromosomes are much larger. The occurrence of similar chromosome numbers in Dasyuridae and Peramelidae is not necessarily evidence of affinity. The chromosomes of the Phascolomidae are similar in number and morphology to those of the Peramelidae and the resemblances are, almost certainly, due to parallel evolution. The chromosomes of Phascolarctos are unlike those of any of the Phalangeridae and this genus might be just as easily grouped with the Phascolomidae. The Phalangeridae have considerable chromosomal heterogeneity but less than 20% of species have been studied. Two species of Cercaertus have 12 metacentric autosomes and small sex chromosomes like all members of the Dasyuridae. This suggests that the primitive phalangers may have retained the chromosome number and morphology of possible dasyurid ancestors but the resemblances may be due to parallel evolution of similar chromosome number and morphology in separate groups. The chromosomes have been studied in more than 50% of Macropodinae. Cytological evidence suggests that Thylogale (3 species studied), Petrogale (2 species studied), and probably Lagorchestes (1 species studied), all with 22 chromosomes, are a related group. Onychogalea unguifer, with 20 chromosomes, may be derived from this group. There is no justification for the placing of Thylogale billardierii in the genus Protemnodon. Lagostrophus fasciatus has 2n = 24 and its placement in a monotypic genus is justified. Macropus major and all species of Protentnodon, except P. bicolor, are a related group with 16 chromosomes. M. robustus is possibly included in this group. M. rufus has 20 chromosomes and should perhaps be placed in the separate genus Megaleia. P. bicolor, with 11 chromosomes in the male and 10 in the female, differs from all other species of Protemnodon and this genus, as at present constituted, may be diphyletic. The relationships of P. bicolor are unknown. Setonix brachyurus has 22, mostly metacentric, chromosomes and its affinities are at present unknown. Three species of Bettongia (Potoroinae) have 22 chromosomes which are mostly metacentric. Hypsiprymnodon moschatus has 22 chromosomes which are mostly acrocentric. Both genera are very different cytologically from Potorous tridactylus.

Integration of biosensors based on microfluidic: a review

Sensor Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin TermehYousefi ◽  
Samira Bagheri ◽  
Nahrizul Adib
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Potential Use

Purpose – Biotechnology is closely associated to microfluidics. During the last decade, designs of microfluidic devices such as geometries and scales have been modified and improved according to the applications for better performance. Numerous sensor technologies existing in the industry has potential use for clinical applications. Fabrication techniques of microfluidics initially rooted from the electromechanical systems (EMS) technology. Design/methodology/approach – In this review, we emphasized on the most available manufacture approaches to fabricate microchannels, their applications and the properties which make them unique components in biological studies. Findings – Major fundamental and technological advances demonstrate the enhancing of capabilities and improving the reliability of biosensors based on microfluidic. Several researchers have been reported verity of methods to fabricate different devices based on EMS technology due to the electroconductivity properties and their small size of them. Therefore, controlled fabrication method of MEMS plays an important role to design and fabricate a highly selective detection of medical devices in a variety of biological fluids. Stable, tight and reliable monitoring devices for biological components still remains a massive challenge and several studies focused on MEMS to fabricate simple and easy monitoring devices. Originality/value – This paper is not submitted or under review in any other journal.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS ELYMUS IN CANADA AND NEIGHBORING AREAS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Species

A cytotaxonomic treatment is given for 12 native species, 2 introduced species, and 3 natural interspecific hybrids of the genus Elymus L. that occur in Canada. Five of the native Elymus species and an additional natural interspecific hybrid are found in Alaska. Eleven of the native species, one introduced species, and two of the natural interspecific hybrids are present in the mainland United States. Some additional native species and natural interspecific hybrids of Elymus from the mainland United States are treated briefly.Nomenclatural proposals include: Elymusglaucus Buckl. var. virescens (Piper) Bowden; E. ×uclueletensis Bowden (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. glaucus Buckl. var. glaucus); E. × aleuticus Hultén (pro sp.) (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. hirsutus Presl); E. canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowden f. wiegandii and f. calvescens (Fern.) Bowden; E. ×maltei Bowden nm. maltei, nm. simulans Bowden, nm. churchii Bowden, and nm. brownii Bowden (E. virginicus L. × E. canadensis L.); E. virginicus L. var. jenkinsii Bowden; E. hystrix L. var. bigelovianus (Fern.) Bowden; E.piperi Bowden; E. innovatus Beal subsp. innovatus var. glabratus Bowden; and E. triticoides Buckl. var. pacificus (Gould) Bowden. Hystrixpatula Moench is here treated as Elymushystrix L.Voucher specimens are cited for the following chromosome number determinations:(1) diploid, 2n = 14: Elymusjunceus.(2) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus canadensis var. canadensis, E. canadensis var. wiegandii f. wiegandii, E. diversiglumis, E. glaucus var. glaucus, E. glaucus var. virescens, E. hirsutus, E, hystrix var. hystrix, E. hystrix var. bigelovianus, E. innovatus subsp. innovatus var. innovatus, E. × maltei nm. maltei, E. riparius, E. sibiricus, E. villosus f. villosus, E. virginicus var. virginicus f. virginicus, and E. virginicus var. submuticus.Earlier literature reports (based on voucher specimens) are given for the following:(1) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus mollis (two subsp. and three forms), E. piperi, and E. × vancouverensis nm. crescentianus.(2) hexaploid, 2n = 42: Elymus × vancouverensis nm. vancouverensis, and E. × vancouverensis nm. californicus.(3) octoploid, 2n = 56: Elymus arenarius, E. innovatus subsp. velutinus, and E. piperi.

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