Histological Changes in the Ovary of the Hopping-Mouse Notomys Alexis During Lactation.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Follicular Size

The histological structure of the ovary of the lactating hopping-mouse is described. Two sets of corpora lutea are usually present, one of which appears to degenerate fairly rapidly during lactation and is thus considered to be the corpora lutea of pregnancy. Spontaneous ovulation usually occurs after parturition; thus corpora lutea of lactation are formed which appear to remain healthy-looking throughout most of lactation. Oocytes were flushed from Fallopian tubes immediately after parturition, but then not again until at least day 10 of lactation. Vesicular follicles were not present after post-partum ovulation, but had usually developed by day 5. In females suckling three or more young, however, maximum follicular size did appear to be somewhat inhibited, compared to that in females suckling one young, from days 5 to 11 of lactation; by day 15 larger vesicular follicles had developed and recently formed corpora lutea were present in one individual.

The Reproductive Rate of the Hopping-Mouse Notomys Alexis and Its Ecological Significance.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Pregnant Females

In the male hopping-mouse, spermatozoa first appeared in seminiferous tubules on day 60 and were present in the epididymis a few days later; ventral prostates markedly increased in weight between days 56 and 60. Some females had large Graafian follicles, stimulated uteri and perforate vaginae on day 40; corpora lutea were first observed on day 44, but most females did not spontaneously ovulate until after day 54. Gestation in post-partum mated, non-suckling females lasted about 32 days, with implantation on day 7 or 8. When four or more young were suckling, gestation increased to 39 days (mean); implantation took place between days 11-13 and 14-17 when there were either three or four, or five, suckling young respectively. From one to three unfertilized oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells were found in the Fallopian tubes between days 7 and 17 in some pregnant females. Post partum, the most common ovulation rate and litter size was 4; 72% of these litters fully survived to weaning; 10-15% of litters were of five or six young and nearly half of these fully survived to weaning; in the natural environment litters were of four or five young. Without post-partum mating and without suckling young, females had ovulated spontaneously by days 9-11. Significantly fewer females suckling from four to six young had oocytes at this time, but the percentage had increased by days 15-18. This indicates a delay, but not prevention, of spontaneous ovulation during lactation. Field-caught females from the southern Northern Territory were reproductively inactive on three out of four occasions. The fourth time, when there had been > 50 mm of rain in the preceding few weeks, all adult females caught had corpora lutea and some were pregnant. Greatest ovarian inhibition coincided with high population density. When compared to data for small northern temperate-zone rodents, most of the above reproductive parameters do not indicate a high reproductive rate, but data for closely related, apparently non-cyclic, Australian species appear to be similar except for, possibly, age of puberty and spontaneous ovulation during lactation. The significance of these results to r-strategy in this species is discussed.

HEMMUNG VON TESTOSTERONABHÄNGIGEN DIFFERENZIERUNGSVORGÄNGEN DER MÄNNLICHEN RATTE NACH DER GEBURT

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Neumann ◽  
J. D. Hahn ◽  
M. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Sexual Attitude ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
List Type ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Neonatal Treatment ◽  
Triangular Shape

ABSTRACT Male newborn rats were injected with 2 mg of an antiandrogen (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione-17α-acetate = cyproterone acetate) daily from their 1st to their 14th day of life. The following effects of this treatment were observed in these animals after onset of sexual maturity: 84% of the animals are unable to reproduce. Penis: the frenulum is broadened to a lamina of triangular shape, which almost completely prevents the preputium from being pushed back. These males show a rather insufficient male sexual behaviour towards females in oestrus. After castration and ovar implantation, some of the treated animals show true corpora lutea and at attempts of cohabitation partially female sexual behaviour towards normal male animals. From these results it can be concluded, that differentiation of the penis is not completed at the time of birth. The infertility of the animals may be caused by the penile changes (difficulties with intromission) as well as by the aimless sexual behaviour. This aimless sexual behaviour, the ability to produce true corpora lutea and finally their partially female sexual attitude under the influence of the hormones from the implanted ovaries led to the conclusion, that the above described neonatal treatment apparently inhibited testosterone-depending post partum developments of sexual differentiation in hypothalamic centers.

Localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (Papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firyal S. Khan-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Immunocytochemical Reaction

Abstract. Immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. To localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin I in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two Fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin I and preoxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin-like as well as neurophysin I-like immunoreactivities were found in some cells of all the corpora lutea only, but could not be demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissues, Fallopian tubes and decidua. Specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction was further confirmed by immunoabsorption of the antiserum with excess oxytocin or neurophysin, after which the immunoreactivities for both oxytocin and neurophysin in the luteal tissue were negative. Similar controls using normal rabbit serum gave no positive staining for either oxytocin or neurophysin. Counterstaining of the positive immunoreactivities for oxytocin and neurophysin I with Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin demonstrated clearly that the oxytocin and neurophysin I appeared as granular material mainly within the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I in the corpus luteum of the baboon demonstrates directly the presence of these two neurohypophysial peptides within primate luteal cells and suggests their local production.

OVULATORY DISCHARGE OF GONADOTROPHINS INDUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC STIMULATION IN CASTRATED MALE RATS BEARING A TRANSPLANTED OVARY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moll ◽  
G. H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Cumulus Oophorus ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Castrated young adult inbred male rats bearing ovarian transplants were subjected to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. This was done in order to investigate whether discharge of ovulatory amounts of gonadotrophins could be induced in such male animals by this procedure. Bilateral stimulations with unipolar electrodes and a DC current of 1.5 mA applied during 10 seconds induced in the ovarian grafts histological changes indicating the discharge of ovulatory amounts of gonadotrophins. In animals killed one day after stimulation these changes consisted of displacement of the ova towards the centre of the follicles with loosening of the cumulus oophorus. In one animal the ova had left the follicles. In animals killed three days after stimulation numerous young corpora lutea could be observed. These results were obtained with electrode tips either close to the median eminence, or in the preoptic area. Shamstimulations were ineffective. Some of the experimental animals received progesterone pretreatment. This rendered the stimulations ineffective, if continued until the day preceding stimulation, but seemed without effect on the results of stimulation, if two or three days without progesterone preceded the stimulations.

scholarly journals Histological Structure of Reproductive Organ of Freshwater Female Crab, Barytelphusa Cunicularis (West-Wood)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chourpagar ◽  
Rumana Shaikh ◽  
G. K. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Yolk Granules ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

<em>Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissue of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi site (Jaikwadi Dam) near Aurangabad. The level of heavy metals in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of mercury in the crab was 0.9 ±0.001 µg/g. A histopathological alteration in ovary and spermatheca was also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary tissue i. e. Distortion of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization observe in lumen, granular substances, sperm mass and spermathecal fluid was evenly distributed in the crab was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration (24<sup>th</sup> of LC<sub>50</sub>:1/5<sup>th</sup> 0.208 ppm) of mercuric chloride.</em>

Reproductive function in average and high yielding dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Taylor ◽  
Andrew J. Hattan ◽  
Emma C.L. Bleach ◽  
David E. Beever ◽  
D. Claire Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe resumption of reproductive activity in the early post partum period and the subsequent fertility of dairy cows are of considerable practical and economic importance to the producer. Regular milk progesterone analysis was used in this study to monitor the re-establishment of reproductive cyclicity in animals of average (AGM, n=20) and high genetic merit (HGM, n=28) kept under standard management conditions. The profiles obtained were then characterised into normal and four different types of abnormal activity. Resumption of cycles occurred significantly later in the higher yielding cows than in those of average genetic merit (23 ±2.3 days in HGM cows and 15 ± 1.6 days in AGM cows; P=0.0089). There was a significant increase in the amount of abnormal cycles encountered in the high genetic merit animals compared with average yielding animals (61% and 30% respectively; χ2 test, P=0.045); in particular, the delayed occurrence of ovulation post partum (11% vs 0%) and an increased incidence of persistent corpora lutea (32% vs 20%). For high genetic merit animals, the incidence of abnormal cycles was associated with increased peak milkyields (abnormal cycles: peak milk yield 54.7 ± 1.11 kg/day; normal cycles: peak milk yield 46.4 ± 1.35 kg/day, P=0.002). This relationship was not apparent in average genetic merit animals. First service conception rates were 50% (9/18) for AGM cows and 38% (10/26) for HGM cows (χ2 test, n.s.). The calving to conception interval was 98 ± 9.7 days for AGM animals (n=l7) and 105 ± 9.1 days for HGMs (n=24) (t-test, n.s.). In conclusion, this study confirms that high genetic merit dairy cows have compromised reproductive function in terms of a delayed resumption of cyclicity and an increased incidence of abnormal progesterone cycles, which was associated with higher peak milk yields. There was also a reduced first service conception rate in high yielders although the difference was not significant with this group size.

Effects of calcium salts of fatty acids on follicular characteristics and several blood parameters in two fat-tailed sheep breeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
M. J. Zamiri ◽  
E. Rowghani ◽  
S. M. Ghoreishi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Sheep Breeds

There is substantial evidence that the increased consumption of fat by dairy cattle can result in an increase in the number ovarian follicles, and the number and size of corpora lutea; it also stimulates post-partum ovarian activity and improve pregnancy rate. Increased dietary lipid also increases plasma cholesterol and progesterone, and the supply of lipoproteins which play significant roles in regulating ovarian steroidogenesis (Willimas, 1996). In contrast to cattle, there are few observations on the effects of dietary lipid on reproductive function in sheep. Intravascular infusion of lipid into ewes stimulated progesterone and prostaglandin synthesis (Burke et al., 1996), and dietary supplementation of calcium soaps of fatty acids enhanced luteal function (Kuran et al., 1999). Calcium soaps of fatty acids have been manufactured in Iran in recent years and sold under the trade name of Megalac. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effects of this protected fat on follicular number and luteal activity in two fat-tailed sheep breeds.

EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ON SOME REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES OF HAMSTERS AND RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. LABHSETWAR
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Racemic Form ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Blue Reaction ◽  
Egg Transport ◽  
Reproductive Processes

SUMMARY In an attempt to characterize the endocrine profile of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in relation to the female reproductive system, the compound (racemic form) was administered to hamsters and rats in various reproductive states. The prostaglandin terminated pregnancy when given once a day either subcutaneously (50 μg/hamster) or orally (1·5–2 mg/hamster) from Days 4 to 6 of pregnancy inclusive, or as a single subcutaneous injection (50 μg/animal) on Day 4. In the rat, higher (500 μg/injection) and more frequent (twice daily) s.c. injections were required to get even foetal resorption. Concomitant administration of progesterone (4 mg/animal) in either species protected pregnancy. Prostaglandin F2α terminated pregnancy without interfering with the Pontamine blue reaction, suggesting that its antifertility effects were not mediated by inhibition of implantation. In both hamsters and rats the prostaglandin markedly reduced the size of deciduomata which could be restored to normal by administration of progesterone. Prostaglandin F2α delayed passage of zygotes through the Fallopian tubes in a proportion of rats but failed to accelerate egg transport in rats and hamsters. Furthermore, it caused a marked histological degeneration of the corpora lutea and induced formation of a fresh set of corpora lutea in pseudopregnant, pregnant and pseudopregnant—hysterectomized hamsters. These deleterious effects of prostaglandin were accompanied, in hamsters, by the appearance of freshly ovulated tubal ova. Most of the endocrine effects of PGF2α observed in this study can be accounted for by its luteolytic property.

Physiological Adaptations to Milk Production that Affect the Fertility of High Yielding Dairy Cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 37-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Taylor ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. C. Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Igf I

SummaryThe high yielding dairy cow is expected to produce a substantial milk output every year and at the same time to conceive and maintain a pregnancy to term. To fulfil lifetime production potential a balance between yield, fertility and other influential factors has to be achieved. Any inability on the part of the management system to identify and rectify problems or on the part of the cow to cope with metabolic demands invariably results in economic or welfare issues. Our studies of high yielding dairy cows have revealed that some animals are capable of normal reproductive function whilst others are classic repeat breeders (requiring 3+ services per conception) or simply fail to rebreed. It is well established that the somatotrophic axis (growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors) drives lactation in ruminants but it is also intimately involved in reproductive processes. An awareness of metabolic adaptations to lactation that impact on reproduction in dairy cows is needed for appropriate management.The objective of our studies was to explore the metabolic profiles of high yielding dairy cows to identify factors influencing their ovarian function and fertility, hence to characterise the physiological adaptations involved. Our studies revealed different relationships between progesterone profile categories and metabolic status post partum. Delayed ovulation (DOV) or persistent corpora lutea (PCL) may be an appropriate response to a nutritional state or physiological situation and it may therefore be inaccurate to refer to these as ‘abnormal’. Whilst associated with high milk yields, not all profile categories detrimentally affected fertility parameters. Delayed ovulation postcalving (DOV1) was identified as the most prevalent abnormal profile encountered in first lactation high yielding cows. This may have occurred because the cows were not yet physically mature and unable to sustain both milk production and growth. The condition lasted long enough (71 ± 8.3 days from calving) to have a detrimental impact on their overall fertility parameters and was associated with significant physiological changes, representative of tissue mobilisation. Although the incidence of persistent luteal phases (PCL1 and PCL2) in dairy cows is increasing, this condition was not found to have any substantial detrimental effects on fertility or production parameters of the primiparous or multiparous cows in these studies. The main reproductive problems in our high yielding primiparous and multiparous cows appeared to be a failure to ovulate and conceive at the expected time or to maintain a pregnancy. These situations were associated predominantly with high milk yields and low concentrations of plasma IGF-I. A failure to ovulate appears to occur when body reserves are mobilised to maintain milk yield at the expense of reproduction and seems most likely to occur in primiparous high yielding cows or those experiencing GH-resistance (low IGF-I) due to excessive body condition loss, reduced feed intakes and factors such as stress and disease. More detailed investigations of dietary means of increasing IGF-I and optimising insulin concentrations, targeted at important reproductive times, are required in high yielding dairy cows, to aid in their management.

A note on the effect of suckling stimulus on uterine involution, post-partum ovarian activity and fertility in Nili-Ravi buffaloes

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Usmani ◽  
N. Ullah ◽  
S. K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Larger Sample

ABSTRACTNineteen pluriparous buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed which calved during the months of October and November 1983 were studied for the effects of sucking stimulus on the uterine involution, post-partum ovarian functions and fertility. On the day of calving, buffaloes were assigned to either a limited-suckling (LS) or non-suckling (NS) group. Changes in reproductive organs were monitored by rectal palpations at weekly intervals. Buffaloes were observed for oestrus twice daily (04.00 and 18.00 h) with the help of a teaser bull, and were artificially inseminated at the first post-partum and each subsequent oestrus. LS buffaloes had a shorter period to uterine involution (20 days) than NS buffaloes (28 days). Intervals to regression of the corpora lutea of pregnancy and to resumption of post-partum follicular development did not differ in the two groups. LS buffaloes had longer intervals to first post-partum oestrus and conception (54 and 88 days respectively) than NS buffaloes (39 and 68 days respectively). However, the difference in services per conception of LS and NS buffaloes was non-significant (2-05 v. 1·62). These limited data reveal that the suckling stimulus has a negative effect on the post-partum resumption of oestrous activity, and that conception is delayed. Further studies are indicated to verify these observations in a larger sample size and during all seasons of the year.

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