Annual gonadal and adrenal cycles in the Eastern Rosella, Platycerus eximius, (Psittaciformes : Platycercidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Smith ◽  
JLG Brereton
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells ◽  
Gonadal Condition

Gonadal development in the eastern rosella was investigated in samples shot approximately monthly for one year near Armidale, N.S.W. In the testes of males of all ages and social rank, spermatogenesis begins in September, and by December the testis tubules of all males are filled with sperm. The histological stages of spermatogenesis are described. The Leydig cells of the testis are smaller in autumn, when the testes are regressing, than in early summer, when the testes are maximally developed. Between first-year and adult males, no differences could be discerned in the rate nor degree of development of testis tubules and intertubular tissue, but the weight of first-year birds' testes at full spermatogenesis was less than that of adults. In at least some first-year females the ovaries develop and eggs are released. Adrenal glands of adult males are smaller than those of females and first-year males. The adrenal cortical cells of all birds, male and female, are larger during the breeding season than during the subsequent moulting period. The similarity of gonadal condition between first-year birds and adults, together with the small differences in adrenals, leads to the conclusion that the failure of first-year birds to breed is a behavioural rather than physiological phenomenon.

scholarly journals Período reprodutivo de Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) na Baía das Laranjeiras, sul do Brasil

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLAUCIA DALABONA ◽  
JAYME DE LOYOLA E SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Gonadal Condition

Análises macroscópica e microscópica das gônadas de Ucides cordatus foram realizadas mensalmente, durante um ano, visando determinar o período reprodutivo da espécie. A coleta dos espécimes foi realizada em duas ilhas no Sul do país, que apresentaram salinidades diferentes. Os dados obtidos apresentaram consonância com as informações existentes para a espécie no Nordeste brasileiro, possibilitando inferir que variações geográficas e em salinidade parecem não influenciar o período reprodutivo de U. cordatus. Para as fêmeas, foram identificados três estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal: em maturação, maturo e desovado. Fêmeas em maturação foram registradas de agosto a setembro, enquanto as maturas ocorreram de outubro a abril e as desovadas de dezembro a agosto. Os machos foram classificados em duas categorias: gônadas cheias, encontradas durante todo o período de estudo; e gônadas vazias, registradas de dezembro a abril. O contraste da condição gonadal dos machos e das fêmeas possibilitou a determinação do período reprodutivo da espécie na Baía das Laranjeiras, que ocorreu de dezembro a abril. Reproductive period of Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in Laranjeiras Bay, southern Brazil Abstract Histological and macroscopic analyses of the gonads of Ucides cordatus were used to determine the reproductive period of the species. The specimens were collected monthly, during one year, in two islands located in the Laranjeiras Bay, Southern Brazil. The obtained data were similar for the two islands and they showed consonance with the information for the species in the Brazilian Northeast. Three stages of gonadal development were identified for the females: in maturation (registered from August to September), mature (registered from October to April) and spawned (registered from December to August). The males were classified in two categories: full gonads, found during the whole study period; and empty gonads, registered from December to April. The contrast of the gonadal condition between males and females allows to determine the reproductive period, which occurs from December to April in Laranjeiras Bay. Résumé Des analyses macroscopiques et microscopiques de Ucides cordatus ont été réalisées mensuellement pendant une année, em envisageant déterminer la période reproductive de l’espèce. La collecte des espècemenes a été réalisée em deux îles (Peças et Pavoçá) qui présentaient des salinités différentes. Les données obtenues ont presente consonance aux renseignements existants pour l’espéce du Nort-est brésilien em rendant possible infere que les variations geographiques et em salinité semblent ne pás influencer la ériode reproductive de U. cordatus. Pour lês femelles, ont été identifiés trois stages de développement dês gonades: en maturation, mature et frayé. Des femelles en maturation ont été enregistrées d’août à septembre, tandis que celles matures l’ont été d’octobre à avril et celles frayées de décembre à août. Les mâles ont été classés em deux catégories: gonades pleines trovées pendant toute la période d’étude,, et gonades vides, enregistrées de décembre à avril. Le contraste de la condition dês gonades des mâles et des femelles a rendu possible la détermination de la période reproductive de l’espèce dans la Baia das Laranjeiras, qui a eu lieu entre décembre et avril.

Histological Comparisons of the Adrenal-Cortical Cells of Hatchery and Wild Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Robert M. Davis ◽  
Owen C. Fenderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

No differences were found in mean diameters of adrenal-cortical cell nuclei between hatchery parr of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) killed immediately after removal from hatchery rearing pools and wild parr electrofished in two streams, and between hatchery and wild parr held for various periods in an outdoor stream aquarium simulating natural conditions. The similarities suggested that the wild and hatchery parr were similar in physiological response to environmental stress. In both hatchery and wild parr, the diameters differed at different times, indicating a downward trend from May to August in the one year of the study. No consistent relation was found between nucleus diameter and social behavior.

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

"STEROID-CELL" ANTIBODY IN ENDOCRINE DISEASES

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kamp ◽  
Per Platz ◽  
Jørn Nerup
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

ABSTRACT By means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 116 patients with Addison's disease, an equal number of age and sex matched controls and 97 patients with other endocrine diseases were examined for the occurrence of antibody to steroid-producing cells in ovary, testis and adrenal cortex. Fluorescent staining was observed in the theca cells of growing follicles, the theca lutein cells, testicular Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells, i. e. cells which contain enzyme systems used in steroid hormone production. The "steroid-cell" antibody was present in 24 % of the patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, equally frequent in males and females, and in 17 % of the patients with tuberculous Addison's disease, but was rarely found in controls, including patients with other endocrine diseases. Female hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism made an exception, since the "steroid-cell" antibody was found in about half the cases with this condition.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in the MADIABETES cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Salinero-Fort ◽  
F. J. San Andrés-Rebollo ◽  
J. Cárdenas-Valladolid ◽  
M. Méndez-Bailón ◽  
R. M. Chico-Moraleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

AbstractWe aimed to develop two models to estimate first AMI and stroke/TIA, respectively, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, by applying backward elimination to the following variables: age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking, BMI, and use of antihyperglycemic drugs, statins, and aspirin. As time-varying covariates, we analyzed blood pressure, albuminuria, lipid profile, HbA1c, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atrial fibrillation (only in stroke/TIA model). Both models were stratified by antihypertensive drugs. We evaluated 2980 patients (52.8% women; 67.3 ± 11.2 years) with 24,159 person-years of follow-up. We recorded 114 cases of AMI and 185 cases of stroke/TIA. The factors that were independently associated with first AMI were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 75 years) (p = 0.019), higher HbA1c (> 64 mmol/mol vs. < 53 mmol/mol) (p = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (0.90–1.81 mmol/L vs. < 0.90 mmol/L) (p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (65–85 mmHg vs. < 65 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The factors that were independently associated with first stroke/TIA were age (≥ 75 years vs. < 60 years) (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (first year after the diagnosis vs. more than one year) (p = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate (per each 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (3.88–6.46 mmol/L vs. < 3.88 mmol/L) (p < 0.001), triglycerides (per each increment of 1.13 mmol/L) (p = 0.031), albuminuria (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p = 0.01), and retinopathy (p = 0.023).

scholarly journals Mortality in older adults following a fragility fracture: real-world retrospective matched-cohort study in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques P. Brown ◽  
Jonathan D. Adachi ◽  
Emil Schemitsch ◽  
Jean-Eric Tarride ◽  
Vivien Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Real World ◽  
First Year ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Fracture Cohort ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Recent studies are lacking reports on mortality after non-hip fractures in adults aged > 65. Methods This retrospective, matched-cohort study used de-identified health services data from the publicly funded healthcare system in Ontario, Canada, contained in the ICES Data Repository. Patients aged 66 years and older with an index fragility fracture occurring at any osteoporotic site between 2011 and 2015 were identified from acute hospital admissions, emergency and ambulatory care using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and data were analyzed until 2017. Thus, follow-up ranged from 2 years to 6 years. Patients were excluded if they presented with an index fracture occurring at a non-osteoporotic fracture site, their index fracture was associated with a trauma code, or they experienced a previous fracture within 5 years prior to their index fracture. This fracture cohort was matched 1:1 to controls within a non-fracture cohort by date, sex, age, geography and comorbidities. All-cause mortality risk was assessed. Results The survival probability for up to 6 years post-fracture was significantly reduced for the fracture cohort vs matched non-fracture controls (p < 0.0001; n = 101,773 per cohort), with the sharpest decline occurring within the first-year post-fracture. Crude relative risk of mortality (95% confidence interval) within 1-year post-fracture was 2.47 (2.38–2.56) in women and 3.22 (3.06–3.40) in men. In the fracture vs non-fracture cohort, the absolute mortality risk within one year after a fragility fracture occurring at any site was 12.5% vs 5.1% in women and 19.5% vs 6.0% in men. The absolute mortality risk within one year after a fragility fracture occurring at a non-hip vs hip site was 9.4% vs 21.5% in women and 14.4% vs 32.3% in men. Conclusions In this real-world cohort aged > 65 years, a fragility fracture occurring at any site was associated with reduced survival for up to 6 years post-fracture. The greatest reduction in survival occurred within the first-year post-fracture, where mortality risk more than doubled and deaths were observed in 1 in 11 women and 1 in 7 men following a non-hip fracture and in 1 in 5 women and 1 in 3 men following a hip fracture.

scholarly journals The benefits of being dominant: Health correlates of male social rank and age in a marmot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Uchida ◽  
Rachel Ng ◽  
Samuel A Vydro ◽  
Jennifer E Smith ◽  
Daniel T Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Handicap Hypothesis ◽  
Variation Explained

Abstract The benefits of dominance may not come without costs, particularly for males. For example, the “immunocompetence handicap hypothesis” states that males with enhanced mating success allocate resources to enhance reproductive output at a cost to their current health, whereas the “resource quality hypothesis” predicts that high-ranking males may benefit from increased reproduction and good health. While the predictions from each have been well tested in captive animals and in a variety of highly social primates, fewer studies have been carried out in free-living, facultatively social animals. Using adult male yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), we evaluated predictions of these hypotheses by examining the relationship between social rank and two health indicators–fecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels, and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios–after accounting for variation explained by age, body mass, and seasonality. We found that higher-ranking males tended to have a lower N/L ratio (reflecting good health) than lower-ranking individuals, whereas FCM levels were not significantly related to rank. In addition, heavier male marmots had lower N/L ratios, while body mass was not associated with FCM levels. We also found that older adult males had lower FCM levels (reflecting less physiological stress) but higher N/L ratios than younger adults. Finally, we found that FCM levels decreased as the active season progressed and FCM levels were associated with the time of the day. Overall, our results suggest that socially-dominant male marmots enjoyed better, not worse health in terms of lower N/L ratios.

scholarly journals Across the COVID-19 Waves; Assessing Temporal Fluctuations in Perceived Stress, Post-Traumatic Symptoms, Worry, Anxiety and Civic Moral Disengagement over One Year of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Alessio Gori ◽  
Eleonora Topino
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Year ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
One Year ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

This study aimed at investigating the psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by analysing the trends of perceived stress, post-traumatic symptoms, state anxiety, worry, and civic moral disengagement in four different moments from March 2020 to March 2021. The study involved a total of 1827 Italian participants (30% men and 70% women; Mage = 34.72; SD = 12.40) divided into four groups to which an online survey was administered. The first group completed the survey in March 2020, the second one in August 2020, the third one in November 2020, and the fourth one in March 2021. Results highlighted significant decreases in post-traumatic symptoms and a significant increase in civic moral disengagement over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The levels of perceived stress, worry, and state anxiety remained constant. The correlations between the variables at different times were also explored, as well as gender differences over the year. The COVID-19 emergency has had significant effects on the mental state of the population, with important repercussions for individual and collective well-being during but probably also after the pandemic. This study offers a clear snapshot of the psychological outcomes over one COVID-19 pandemic year, providing important information that may contribute to tailor more effective interventions for mental health.

Teething Symptoms in the First Year of Life and Associated Factors: A Cohort Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
Italo Medeiros Faraco Junior ◽  
Andréia Bertani Ottoni ◽  
Eliane Gerson Feldens ◽  
Márcia Regina Vítolo
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective: To investigate the occurrence and management of teething symptoms during the first year of life and associated factors. Study design: 500 children were recruited at birth. Research assessments including structured interviews, anthropometric measurements and dental examination were carried out after birth, at 6 months and at one-year of age. The primary outcome of this study was defined as the occurrence of one or more teething symptoms within the first year of life, as reported by the mother. Results: Teething symptoms were reported in 73% of the children analyzed (273/375). The symptoms most frequently reported were irritability (40.5%), fever (38.9%), diarrhoea (36.0%) and itching (33.6%). Dentists had little influence on the management of symptoms and self-medication to relieve them was a common practice. The risk of reporting teething symptoms was higher for children from nuclear families (p=0.040) and for children from families with higher income (p=0.040). Conclusions: Teething symptoms were highly reported in this population. Pediatric dentists should be accessible and provide adequate orientation when symptoms can be managed at home or immediate referral to health services when more serious diseases are suspected.

Partnership in Post-Adoption Services Evaluating the First Year of a Complementary Contract

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Burnell ◽  
Adrian Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Consultation Services

In the autumn 1995 edition of Adoption & Fostering, Alan Burnell and Adrian Briggs described the origins and objectives of a novel complementary contract between East Sussex Social Services and the Post-Adoption Centre (PAC), aimed at providing post-adoption counselling and consultation services to all those involved in adoption in the county. The same authors now evaluate the operation of the contract, one year on. After filling in some background they assess its achievements so far, with particular regard to the extra support to service users and staff, and reducing the risk of disruption. The article concludes that the first year of the contract has demonstrated the need for comprehensive assessment and treatment services for adoptive families with children experiencing attachment difficulties.

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