Survival of the Non-Parasitic Stages of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus, Under Simulated Field Conditions in Papua New Guinea.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
IL Owen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Simulated Field ◽  
Port Moresby

Over a period of 20 months the survival time of the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick was investigated under simulated field conditions at three locations near Port Moresby. The work was begun in a year with favourable conditions for larval survival and continued into a less favourable year. Egg-laying and hatching occurred throughout the period of investigation and showed little fluctuation, but larval survival varied with the location and the season. The mean survival time in open tussock, shaded tussock and sheltered tube respectively was, 14.1, 13.5 and 15.6 weeks at Kila Kila, 13.3, 15.1 and 18.0 weeks at Tiaba and 14.8, 17.5 and 24.7 weeks at Bisianumu. Under the conditions prevailing in the Port Moresby area, maximum temperature is the most important factor controlling the survival of larvae. The bulk of a larval population lives for over two-thirds of a total exposure time; once larvae begin to die the majority are dead within a few weeks, but a small number remain alive for some time longer.

A model of the survival of larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, on pasture

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
KBW Utech ◽  
RW Sutherst ◽  
MJ Dallwitz ◽  
RH Wharton ◽  
GF Maywald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Survival ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Made In

Larvae of Boophilus microplus were released onto pasture in south-eastern and central Queensland and their survival was measured using destructive sampling. In summer 50% of the larvae survived for 2 weeks and 10% survived for 4 weeks. Comparable values for winter were 3-4 and 6-11 weeks respectively. A chart was prepared to relate larval survival to maximum temperatures in summer, when pasture spelling for tick control is most likely to be successful. A computer simulation model was developed to describe the survival of the larvae in relation to meteorological conditions. The parameter values were fitted using the data from south-eastern Queensland and tested against observations made in central Queensland. Maximum temperature and saturation deficit at 1500 hours proved to be the best predictors of survival, but it was not possible to distinguish between their effects.

Ecological observations on the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Snowball
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Low Levels

Studies were undertaken during 1948-1950 on Boophilus microplus under field conditions in southern Queensland to determine the duration of the non-parasitic stages, and to relate this information to tick incidence on cattle. In the area where the observations were made, the population of ticks on cattle is high in summer and autumn and low in minter and spring. Each week throughout the investigation engorged female ticks, freshly fallen from cattle, were placed in a pasture plot and their subsequent history recorded. Concurrently, observations were made on the changes in tick population on a dairy herd on an adjacent farm. Female ticks exposed on the plot between April and July produced virtually no progeny, and it is probable that the ticks in the pasture traversed by the dairy cattle exhibited a similar, though less severe, inhibition of reproduction. This failure to reproduce, combined with the dying out of larvae and protracted developmental periods of eggs, reduced to very low levels the larval population available to infest cattle during the months of August–October. Ticks exposed from late July to the following autumn produced progeny. There was a tendency for the progeny of ticks exposed in the late winter and early spring to hatch a t about the same time in the late spring, and this synchronous hatching was probably responsible for the 'spring rise' in tick population on cattle. It appears likely that the engorged female adults dropped in the early autumn represent the most important stage in the overwintering of the species in this area. Some of their larvae survive the adverse winter conditions, either in the free-living or the parasitic stage, and give rise to adults, which fall in the late winter and spring, and which in turn produce the larvae of the spring rise.

Resistance of cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. I. The development of resistance to experimental infestation

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hewetson ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Experimental Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus Ticks

The development of a resistance by cattle to artificial infestations with Boophilus microplus ticks is reported and the sequence of development discussed. There was a regression of adult female ticks becoming replete with infestation (regression y = 2399.41 – 574x ± 54) up to the fourth infestation. The weight of replete female ticks dropped from resistant cattle increased with infestation but this effect is confounded with the effects of climate. The day of modal drop of replete females increased with infestation, which indicated an effect of resistance on modal drop. Egg-laying was not affected by a developing resistance, but the fertility of eggs from female egg-laying ticks was. There was an increase in fertility of eggs laid after the second infestation.

Studies on the survival of the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in three climatically dissimilar districts of North Queensland

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLS Harley
Keyword(s):  
Larval Survival ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Field Plots

Survival of the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), has been investigated over a period of 5 years in 25, 40, and 80 in. rainfall districts of north Queensland. Engorged ticks were exposed regularly in field plots and in Stevenson screens, and the times of egg hatchmg (prehatch period) and periods of survival of the larvae were observed. The prehatch period in the three districts followed the same pattern and was related to seasonal temperature changes, varying from less than 4 weeks in midsummer to over 13 weeks in midwinter. A relationship between minimum prehatch period and mean air temperature for ticks exposed in screens was established, but the data from ticks exposed in the field were too variable to establish a relationship between prehatch periods and soil temperatures. Hatching was recorded in every month of the year from all districts, but during the driest months in the 25 in. rainfall areas many ticks in exposed situations failed to reproduce. Larval survival and total longevity also followed a similar pattern in all districts. The longest survival periods were recorded for the progeny of ticks exposed late in the wet season from March to April, and the shortest survival periods for the progeny of ticks exposed during the dry season from August to September. Mean maximum total longevity for ticks exposed in field plots in the 25 in. rainfall district varied from 10 to 22 weeks, in the 40 in. rainfall district from 14 to 22 weeks, and in the 80 in. rainfall district from 15 to 26 weeks. The data on prehatch and survival periods are a suitable basis for formulating recommendations for tick control by pasture spelling and planned dipping.

Ecological studies of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, in the north coast district of New South Wales

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN McCulloch ◽  
IJ Lewis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

During the years 1962–1965, engorged female ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)) were exposed at frequent intervals at diverse sites in northern New South Wales, and egg laying, egg development, and the survival of larval populations observed and recorded. Ticks were also exposed in Stevenson screens (in humidified containers), where temperature could be measured. From the results the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The maximum longevity of the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick in Australia would be 7½ months. An earlier record placing the figure at 10½ months is shown almost certainly to be erroneous. The great majority of larvae die within 6 months of the parent leaving its host. (2) In the warmer parts of the Tick Quarantine Area ticks falling in favourable situations may lay viable eggs in any month. Thus winter checks development but does not prevent it. The tick population is at its lowest level in September. (3) The cattle tick could probably survive as a pest as far south as Newcastle. (4) The time of year for the start of an eradication campaign would not be of first importance. For a programme of strategic dipping aiming at economical control, the optimum time for beginning would be early October in the areas most favourable to the tick.

scholarly journals The Production of Cuticle Wax by Engorged Females of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus (Canestrini)

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
LOIS M. CHERRY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Female Cattle

Weight of cuticle wax produced by the engorged female cattle tick, Boophihis microplus (Canestrini), and loss of body weight during egg production, have been measured at intervals between dropping from the host and completion of egg laying. 2. Wax increased in weight from 20 to 63 µg. per tick between 6 and 222 hr. after dropping. This increase took place in two stages, with the steepest increase between 6 and 54 hr. and a smaller increase between 78 and 150 hr. 3. Body weight fell by 71% between 6 and 222 hr. The rate of loss was highest during early egg production, reaching its peak on the fourth day after dropping. 4. The most rapid increase in weight of cuticle wax took place before the onset of oviposition. During peak egg production the increase was slight. During the decline of egg production cuticle wax increased slowly in weight. 5. The possible physiological function of the increased wax secretion, and its relation to general metabolic activity, are discussed.

A comparison of cattle tick control by "conventional" acaricidal treatment, planned dipping, and pasture spelling

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLS Harley ◽  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tick Burden ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Three comparable herds of cattle were grazed in a wet tropical area of north Queensland for the comparison of control measures against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. The cattle tick infestation of one herd was controlled by simulated "conventional" methods, the cattle receiving acaricidal treatment when the count of "standard" ticks (0.5 cm or more in length) on the right side averaged 20 or more per animal. The tick infestation of the second herd was controlled by dipping in acaricide at 21-day intervals, so that few of the tick larvae attaching to the cattle between dippings reached maturity. This was continued until the larval population in the pasture was greatly depleted. The procedure, for which the term planned dipping has been proposed, was repeated when the count of standard ticks on the right side averaged more than 20 per animal. The tick infestation of the third herd was controlled by grazing alternately in two adjacent paddocks, the interval between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unstocked paddock had died. Acaricidal treatment was applied at times of paddock changes and also at other times if the tick count was more than 20 per animal. This procedure is known as pasture spelling. Over the 2 years of the experiment, planned dipping and pasture spelling resulted in increased efficiency in tick control. In comparison with the herd given conventional tick control, planned dipping resulted in no reduction in the number of acaricidal treatments, but the tick burden was reduced by 79%. Pasture spelling resulted in the number of acaricidal treatments being reduced by 60% and the tick burden by 64%.

scholarly journals Acaricidal Activity of Phenolic Crude Extract from Artocapus lakoocha Leaves against Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cattle Ticks

Cattle ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are well known for their harmful effects to cattle health. The problem of TBDs has been ranked high in terms of their adverse impact on the livelihood of poor farming communities in developing countries including Thailand. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of phenolic compounds of crude acetone extract and crude ethanol extract from Artocapus lakoocha leaves in the elimination of the cattle ticks which were tested in the form of crude extract at the concentration of 400, 800 and 1600μg/ml. From the record of mortality rate within 48 hours and propagation index within 15 days, it was found that the extract at the concentration of 1600μg/ml had the best efficacy to eliminate cattle ticks when compared to control group and other concentrations (P<0.05). It was also discovered that the mortality rate of ticks was 72%. Moreover, index of egg laying, and inhibition percentage were equal to 0.14 and 49, respectively. The negative control group adding with polyethylene glycol (PEG, Phenolic inhibitors) had mortality rate of cattle ticks at 0% and median of toxic concentration (Lethal Concentration 50: LC50) of phenolic crude extract was 1050μg/ml. Thus, the phenolic crude extract from Atrocapus lakoocha leaves was effective in getting rid of cattle ticks, this approach could be further developed as the effective method for controlling and eliminating ticks in the form of products such as shampoo and tick spray for cattle or other animals.

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