The neck and chest glands of the Australian hopping-mice, Notomys

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHS Watts
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Anatomy Of The Neck ◽  
Neck Gland ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Territorial Marking ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The gross and microscopical anatomy of the neck glands of Notomys alexis, N. mitchellii, N. cervinus and N. fuscus is described. In N. alexis, N. mitchellii and N. fuscus the glandular area was composed of a sheet of sebaceous-type glands supported by a small amount of connective tissue. The gross morphology of the glandular area varied between these three species, being simplest in N. mitchellii and most complex in N. fuscus. N. cervinus had no neck gland, but males had a gland made up of a mass of lobules separately embedded in a connective tissue stroma in the sternal region. In all species the glandular area was active in all adult males, but in females only during pregnancy and lactation. It is considered that territorial marking and marking of group members, including newborn young, are among the most likely uses of the glands.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

scholarly journals Cartilaginous Choristoma of the Gingiva: A Rare Clinical Entity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Suganya ◽  
Narasimhan Malathi ◽  
Subramani Vijaya Nirmala ◽  
Chinnaswami Ravindran ◽  
Harikrishnan Thamizhchelvan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

Choristomas are rare entities which are aggregates of microscopically normal cells or tissues in aberrant locations. They are a “heterotopic” rest of cells, as they appear as a tumor-like mass. Herein we report a case of cartilaginous choristoma in a 54-year-old male who presented with a swelling on right lower gingiva. The histopathological examination revealed features of a well circumscribed mass of mature cartilage in a dense fibrous connective tissue stroma.

scholarly journals Neutering Effects on Social Behaviour of Urban Unowned Free-Roaming Domestic Cats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Cafazzo ◽  
Roberto Bonanni ◽  
Eugenia Natoli
Keyword(s):  
General Level ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
Free Ranging

The “trap, spay/neuter, and release” programs to manage unowned free-roaming cat populations are diffused worldwide and they are largely advised even in countries where the suppression of unowned cats is enforced by law. Despite the massive neutering campaigns in the world, there is little information on the influence of neutering on individual cat behaviour, as well as on the social structure of cat colonies. The aim of this study is to verify such effects. Before neutering, the group consisted of 17 free-roaming domestic cats, who were totally unrestrained. After neutering it consisted of 16 individuals. Data on the outcomes of aggressive, submissive, affiliative, and territorial behaviour were collected, using classic ethological methods (“focal animal”, “all occurrences”, and “1/0” sampling methods) (735 h of observation before and 537 h after neutering). The dominance hierarchy did not change after neutering. On the other hand, the frequency of aggressive, territorial behaviour as well as proximity among individuals decreased significantly. Affiliative behaviour has been observed among neutered adult males that never performed it before neutering. The results of this study suggest that, after neutering: (i) The group of free-ranging cats was stable over time; (ii) the hierarchical structure of the cat social group did not change; (iii) the general level of activity, decreased; (iv) urine spraying marking behaviour almost disappeared; (v) the level of social proximity among group members decreased, although it tended to increase in some male–male dyads. The most obvious effect of neutering, detected on individual behaviour, was that cats were less active.

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone concentrations associated with age, sex, reproductive status and apparent reproductive failure in the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Robeck ◽  
R S Amaral ◽  
V M F da Silva ◽  
A R Martin ◽  
G A Montano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Inia Geoffrensis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group Sex

AbstractThis study was conducted to characterize immunoreactive thyroid hormone concentrations in wild Amazon river dolphins, also called boto (Inia geoffrensis) by age group, sex, pregnancy and lactation status, and to determine if thyroid hormone concentration differences could be detected between pregnant females with and without successful parturition outcomes. Radioimmunoassays were used to analyse total T3 and total T4 in 182 serum samples collected from 172 botos living in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, in the Brazilian Amazon from 2003 through 2015. Age significantly affected tT3 and tT4 concentrations in males, with values in immature males and females being significantly lower than those in adult males, whereas no age effects were noted between immature females and adult non-pregnant, non-lactating females. Significant sex differences were noted in tT3 concentrations between immature males and females and in tT4 concentrations between adult males and females. These resulted in significant differences in the tT3:tT4 ratio between males and females within the immature and adult groups. Lactating and non-pregnant adult females had significantly higher tT3 concentrations than pregnant females, and this difference was primarily driven by a 12% drop in tT3 concentrations during the last two-thirds of pregnancy. No differences in thyroid hormone concentrations were detected between females diagnosed as pregnant and later found to have or not have a live calf. These results are the first to define thyroid hormone reference intervals and normal physiological variations in a wild population of river dolphins.

Reproduction affects flight activity in female and male Daubenton’s bats, Myotis daubentoni

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dietz ◽  
E.K.V. Kalko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lactating Females

Nearly all mammals in the temperate zone breed in spring and summer when climatic conditions are favourable and food is abundant. Similar to other mammals, food requirements of female bats are particularly high during pregnancy and lactation and of males during spermatogenesis. Seasonal changes in energy demand and reproductive condition should therefore result in different foraging activity within and between sexes. This assumption was tested on 16 adult females and 13 adult males of the Palaearctic Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1817), that were radio-tracked during pregnancy, lactation, and post-lactation periods. Pregnant females, as hypothesized, flew significantly longer (mean: 358.9 min; 70% of the night length) than males (mean: 228.5 min; 42.4% of the night length) during spring. In contrast, nightly flight time of lactating females decreased and was significantly less than that of pregnant females, but was similar to that of males during the same period. The longest flight times of males were registered during late summer when spermatogenetic activity is high. However, there were distinct differences in the use of foraging areas between female and male Daubenton’s bats. Female bats used small, individual foraging areas during pregnancy and lactation. The pattern was reversed in females after the young had been weaned and in males after they entered spermatogenesis. Overall, the results confirmed our proposition that flight activity reflects the higher energy demand and nutrition requirements in the different reproductive periods.

Function and Meaning of Wild Gorilla 'Close' Calls

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 827-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Harcourt ◽  
K.J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Activity ◽  
Close Call ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
Group Members

We investigate the social significance of the within group ('close') calls of gorillas by examining correlates of calling with dominance rank and with relatedness of adults, and by examining whether the outcomes of interactions between adults differ depending on the calls given during the interactions. In two wild gorilla groups, the majority of adults give most of their calls when near another adult and fully in sight of them. Thus gorillas' use 'close' calls as more than mere contact calls. An adult gorilla's use of 'close' calls correlates with its own and with its partner's dominance rank, with effects being most obvious for the most dominant animals, the fully adult males. Thus the proportion of 'double grunts', the most common 'close' call, in an individual's repertoire correlated consistently with dominance rank; all non-silverback adults gave a higher percent of double grunts in the presence of subordinates than they did near dominant animals; individuals were most likely to give 'non-syllabled' grunts in the adult male's presence; and they consistently exchanged calls at a higher rate with the adult males than with other group members. An adult's type of calls did not obviously differ depending on whether their neighbour was kin or non-kin, but kin were overall more likely to give calls in the presence of kin, and to exchange calls with kin than with non-kin, although the association was not consistent throughout the two years of the study. With regard to the consequences of calling, subordinates were less likely to be feeding one minute after an approach by a fully adult male during which calls were exchanged than during silent approaches. In contrast to findings from studies of some other species, calling did not correlate with duration of grooming. We suggest that, among other functions, gorillas' 'close' calls mediate social interactions. One form of calls, 'non-syllabled' calls, are interpretable as appeasement signals. The broadest interpretation of the 'double grunt' is that it is an exaggerated announcement of presence, whose function is to attract attention to the caller, and to signal conditional future activity.

Urine marking by male bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780; Microtidae, Rodentia) in relation to their social rank

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2594-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine M. Rozenfeld ◽  
E. Le Boulangé ◽  
R. Rasmont
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Urine Marking ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
Free Interaction ◽  
Territorial Marking

Available ecological data suggest that mature males of Clethrionomys species form stable hierarchical groups during the breeding season. The present laboratory work reports on the agonistic and urinary behaviour of paired, hierarchically naive, male bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) before, during, and after free interaction in large enclosures provided with individual burrows. In this situation, a generally stable dominance–subordination relationship is established. After a brief fighting episode, the subordinate is recognizable mainly by his avoidance behaviour out of his burrow. The subordinate's burrow itself becomes the focus of agonistic interactions. The staining of urine with unmetabolized vital dyes allowed differentiation of marking patterns. The correlation between these patterns and the hierarchical status of the animals is in accordance with the hypothesis that in bank voles, the urine of adult males contains chemical signals involved in maintaining their social organization. The spatial distribution of the urine marks of the dominant around the subordinate's nest suggests that they act as a territorial marking.

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