Reproduction in the mountain possum, Trichosurus caninus (Ogilby), in captivity

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Smith ◽  
RA How
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction was studied in eight female T. caninus held in captivity in Armidale, N.S.W., for up to 5 yr. Oestrus was diagnosed from the vast increase in epithelial cells in the vaginal smear, post-oestrus being detected by the appearance of many leucocytes and of some elongate epithelial cells. The mean of 17 oestrous cycles was 26.4+- 1.0 days and the mean of 10 gestation periods was 16.2+-0.2 days. The teats evert and the female first ovulates at the end of her 2nd year, but no captive female gave birth till near the end of her 3rd year. In the anatomy of the uteri and vaginae, T. caninus resembles T. vulpecula but the ovaries of T. caninus are markedly distinguished by the presence of up to seven large corpora lutea. Although the weight of the luteal tissue may contribute as much as 83.9 % of the total ovarian weight, there is no evidence from the uteri that these large corpora lutea are functional in hormone secretion. The luteal cells are large but vacuolated and are separated by a well developed network of connective tissue. As the corpora lutea persist throughout the life of the animal, it is suggested that their number be used to indicate the maximum age of the animal.

Observations on the corpus luteum during pregnancy and lactation in the marsupials Isooson macrous and Perameles nasuta

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne ◽  
DE Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue Component ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formed Structure

Ovaries from the bandicoots I. macrourus and P. nasuta, collected during pregnancy and lactation, were examined macroscopically and with the light microscope. The mean number of corpora lutea (CL) was greater in I. macrourus (5.13) than in P. nasuta (3.31). This difference in ovulation rate was reflected in the mean number of embryos and the mean number of pouch young respectively (I. macrourus 4.05, 3.07; P. nasuta 2.63, 2.65). During the first few days of pregnancy, the transformation of follicle granulosa cells into luteal cells was accompanied by the intrusion of the theca, which produced a network of blood vessels and connective tissue. A conspicuous feature of the developing CL was the presence of pools of blood between the luteal cells. By 5-6 days of pregnancy, the CL was a fully formed structure, the central cavity having been filled in by hypertrophy of the luteal cells and an increase in the connective tissue which formed a central core. The luteal cells had almost reached their maximum size and they contained numerous lipid droplets. Mitoses of luteal cells were not evident at any stage in the formation of the CL or later, though some of the luteal cells had two or more nuclei. The structure of the CL and the diameter of the luteal cells and their nuclei remained almost constant until regression occurred after the 45th day of the 60-day lactation period. Regression of the CL was characterized by a marked reduction in the size of the luteal cells and their nuclei as well as an increase in the connective tissue component. Diameters and volumes of the CL were similar in the two species, reaching maxima during the second half of pregnancy and changing very little until the 45th day of lactation, after which they decreased rapidly. This decline occurred whether or not the animals subsequently ovulated during the last quarter of the lactation period.

Localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (Papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firyal S. Khan-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Immunocytochemical Reaction

Abstract. Immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. To localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin I in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two Fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin I and preoxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin-like as well as neurophysin I-like immunoreactivities were found in some cells of all the corpora lutea only, but could not be demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissues, Fallopian tubes and decidua. Specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction was further confirmed by immunoabsorption of the antiserum with excess oxytocin or neurophysin, after which the immunoreactivities for both oxytocin and neurophysin in the luteal tissue were negative. Similar controls using normal rabbit serum gave no positive staining for either oxytocin or neurophysin. Counterstaining of the positive immunoreactivities for oxytocin and neurophysin I with Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin demonstrated clearly that the oxytocin and neurophysin I appeared as granular material mainly within the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I in the corpus luteum of the baboon demonstrates directly the presence of these two neurohypophysial peptides within primate luteal cells and suggests their local production.

scholarly journals The immunohistochemical presence and distribution of ghrelin, apelin and their receptors in dog ovaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pirino ◽  
Margherita Maranesi ◽  
Angela Polisca ◽  
Alessandro Troisi ◽  
Cecilia Dall'Aglio
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

The activity of ghrelin, apelin and their receptors has been correlated to the control of some infectious diseases, besides the hypothesis of their role in the control of some peripheral organs, among which ovaries. The aim of the present work was to highlight the presence and distribution of ghrelin, apelin and cognate receptors in the ovaries of pregnant bitches, by means of immunohistochemical techniques. Apelin, its receptor and the receptor of ghrelin were highlighted in the corpora lutea, with a particular localization in the cytoplasm of some luteal cells. Instead, a positive reaction for ghrelin was evident in the walls of small arteries in the connective tissue. These results allowed us to hypothesize that these molecules intervene in the control of ovaries in pregnant bitches, suggesting autocrine/paracrine mechanisms of regulation.

Development in calves and heifers after hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. E497
Author(s):  
L L Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Estrous Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Growth was inhibited markedly in prepuberal bull and heifer calves after either hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy as compared with that found in sham-operated calves or in unoperated calves. Male mounting behavior and evidence of puberal estrous behavior were lost or undetected after hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy. Testes regressed, contained few spermatogonia and interstitial cells, and lacked spermatogenesis. Epithelial cells of seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and prostate were cuboidal, indicating inadequate testicular androgen. Atresia of numerous ovarian follicles and reduced ovarian weight occurred in hypophysectomized heifer calves. Graafian follicles regressed after hypophysial stalk transection of sexually mature heifers, but ovaries responded to pregnant mare serum and human chorionic gonadotropin by follicular development, ovulation, and formation of multiple corpora lutea. Thyroid and adrenal gland weights decreased and adrenal cortices atrophied after hypophysectomy, but not after stalk transection. Thyroid glands contained colloid-filled follicles with flattened epithelial cells; atrophy was more extensive after hypophysectomy. Hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy severely depresses growth and arrests sexual development in young calves, but in mature animals exongenous gonadotropins can sustain gonadal function.

CHANGES IN THE DENSITY AND PROGESTERONE CONTENT OF LUTEAL TISSUE IN THE EGYPTIAN BUFFALO DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. EL-SHEIKH ◽  
FRANÇOIS B. SAKLA ◽  
SAFAA O. AMIN
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Luteal Tissue

SUMMARY The histological and functional changes of 31 corpora lutea of Egyptian buffaloes during the various phases of the oestrous cycle were studied. The volumes of the corpora lutea were calculated, the volume per cell, the cell volume and the volume of the intercellular spaces were estimated from transverse serial sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Mallory's triple stain or van Gieson's stain. The nuclear volumes were also determined and the cytoplasmic volume was calculated. The progesterone content was estimated using column absorption chromatography and a counter-current distribution system. It was concluded that the luteal cells increase both in volume and in number due to mitosis. The luteal cells decrease in volume after the 15th day after ovulation, the cells lose their distinct outlines in the regressive stage and disappear completely in the corpus albicans. There was a parallel increase in luteal cell volume and progesterone content until the 15th post-ovulatory day followed by a decrease in the regressive phase and disappearance of the hormone in the corpus albicans. A highly significant correlation (r = +0·875) was found between the progesterone content and the cytoplasmic volume. Progesterone concentration/g. luteal tissue increased from the corpus haemorrhagicum to the mature corpus luteum, decreased in the regressive corpus luteum and completely disappeared in the corpus albicans.

scholarly journals Ovarian characteristics in sheep with multiple fecundity genes

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P McNatty ◽  
Derek A Heath ◽  
Zaramasina Clark ◽  
Karen Reader ◽  
Jennifer L Juengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

Ewes heterozygous for combinations of the Inverdale (FecXI; I+), Booroola (FecB; B+) and Woodlands (FecX2W; W+) mutations have ovulation rates higher than each mutation separately. The aims of the experiments described herein were to examine the ovarian phenotypes in I+B+ and I+B+W+ ewes and to compare these with the appropriate ++ (controls), I+ and BB animals available for this study. The mean ± s.e.m. ovulation rates in the ++ (n = 23), I+ (10), I+B+ (7), I+B+W+ (10) and BB (3) animals were 1.8 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.2, 6.6 ± 1.0, 9.6 ± 0.9 and 9.7 ± 0.9 respectively. The maximum number of granulosa cells per follicle in the ++ and I+ genotypes was accumulated after exceeding 5 mm diameter, whereas in I+B+, I+B+W+ and BB animals, this was achieved when follicles reached >2–3 mm. The number of putative preovulatory follicles, as assessed from those with LH-responsive granulosa cells, 24 h after the induction of luteolysis, was higher (P < 0.01) in the I+B+ and I+B+W+ compared to the ++ and I+ genotypes. The median follicular diameters of these follicles in the ++, I+, I+B+, I+B+W+ and BB genotypes were 6, 5, 3, 3 and 3 mm respectively. The total number of granulosa cells in the putative preovulatory follicles when added together, and total mass of luteal tissue, did not differ between the genotypes. Thus, despite large ovulation rate differences between animals with one or more fecundity genes, the total cell compositions over all preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea, when added together, are similar to that from the one or two such follicles in the wild types.

Ovaries of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, after copulation with a series of males

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Clulow ◽  
F. F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Microtus Spp

Female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, were paired with a series of four males. Each male, except the first, interrupted the pregnancy caused by the preceding male and initiated a further ovulation and pregnancy. These events were reflected in vaginal-smear patterns. The ovaries of these voles were compared with those obtained from primiparous and multiparous females killed after copulation. No significant differences in ovarian weight were observed among the three groups. The number of corpora lutea per vole varied from 20.0 ± 1.3, in the repeatedly mated group, to 5.6 ± 0.4 and 5.9 ± 0.5, respectively, in the primiparous and multiparous groups. The data are compared with published information on ovaries of wild microtines. High numbers of corpora lutea in the ovaries of wild microtines, such as Microtus spp. and Clethrionomys glareolus. which nave been shown to be induced ovulators, may be taken as suggestive evidence of pregnancy failure in nature.

Breeding Biology of the Agile Wallaby, Macropus agilis (Gould) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Female agile wallabies in captivity reached sexual maturity at about 12 months old and males produced mature spermatozoa by 14 months. Breeding was continuous throughout the year and birth and oestrus were recorded in every month. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 32.4 days, and the mean gestation period 29.4 days. Females exhibited post-partum oestrus, usually mating within 1 day of birth. Sixty-four young born in captivity comprised 24 males, 30 females and 10 of unknown sex. If a pouch young were removed or lost, the quiescent blastocyst resumed its development, to birth about 26.5 days later. Failure or absence of the blastocyst was followed by an oestrus at about the time of the corresponding post-partum oestrus. Both the oestrous cycle and the interval between removal of a pouch young and oestrus were significantly longer than when a pregnancy intervened. The oestrous cycle was characterized by changes in the proportions of the main cell types in the vaginal smear, and by changes in the appearance of the urogenital opening and the pouch and teats. The approach of oestrus could not be predicted from vaginal smears but the post-oestrous condition was always recognizable even without mating. Young animals first left the pouch for short periods between the ages of 176 and 211 days, and left permanently between 207 and 237 days. Animals of known age were measured and the development of various morphological characters noted at weekly intervals from about birth until 12 months old.

SURVIVAL AND GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSIVENESS OF LUTEAL CELLS IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S295-S317 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Progesterone Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT Simplified methods for incubating luteal tissues have been developed. Progesterone biosynthesis in washed, minced bovine luteal tissue is stimulated by added bovine LH. The response is linear in the range 2–200 ng added LH per ml of medium. The use of covariance analysis to correct for differences in time elapsing between mincing the tissue and the beginning of incubation reduces the standard error of the mean and results in marked improvement in the indices of precision. Progesterone biosynthesis in washed, minced bovine luteal tissues appears specific for LH; no other pituitary hormones give a response, and the response is completely negated by adding anti-bovine LH serum to the incubation medium. Prior treatment of cattle from which the incubated corpora lutea are obtained with various levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin, results in greatly increased luteal tissue weights. However, this tissue has a markedly reduced sensitivity to LH added in vitro. No conclusive evidence was found for a feedback inhibition of progesterone on its own synthesis in this system. The incubation system developed is sensitive enough to serve as a bioassay for LH in biological tissues and fluids. Preliminary data suggest that a simplified protein binding assay can be successfully used to measure the progestins synthesized by minced, washed bovine luteal tissue in response to added bovine LH.

Size distribution of steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic ovine luteal cells throughout pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ş. Arikan ◽  
A. A. Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells

AbstractThe present study examines the size distribution of ovine steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic luteal cells throughout pregnancy. Cells were isolated from corpora lutea collected from early (< 8 weeks), mid (9 to 14 weeks) or late (15 to 18 weeks) stages of pregnancy. Cells were stained for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity, a marker for steroidogenic cells. Both 3β-HSD positive and β-HSD negative cells covered a wide spectrum of size ranging from 7 to 37 μm in diameter. There was a significant increase (P > 0·01) in mean diameter of non-steroidogenic luteal cells as pregnancy progressed. Mean diameter of 3β-HSD negative cells increased from 17·8 (s.e. 0·4) μm in the corpus luteum of early stage of pregnancy to 22·4 (s.e. 0·3) μm in the corpus luteum of advanced pregnancy. However, there was no significant increase in the mean diameter of 3β-HSD positive cells. Corpora lutea obtained from early stages of the pregnancy contained more steroidogenic cells than the cells obtained from mid and late pregnancy (P < 0·01). Percentage of 3β-HSD negative cells had increased 2·07-fold by 18 weeks of pregnancy when compared with the early stage of pregnancy. In contrast, percentage of 3β-HSD positive cells had decreased to 50% of starting values during the same period (P < 0·05). These results indicate that the ovine corpus luteum of pregnancy is morphologically dynamic over the course of pregnancy. Steroidogenic activity of luteal cells may decrease as pregnancy progresses, especially activity of the large luteal cells.

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