Obsevations on the behaviour of the european rabbit flea, Spilopsullus cuniculi (Dale), ona natural population of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), in Australia

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Population ◽  
Group A

The behaviour of S, cuniculi was studied on a natural rabbit population present on an island in Lake Bathurst, N.S.W. Four individually marked groups of fleas and an unmarked control group, a total of 454 in all, were released onto five rabbits trapped at one location. Surveys of the rabbits and their fleas were carried out during the first, second, eighth, and fourteenth weeks after the fleas were released. Rabbit breeding before the fourteenth week resulted in an increase, due to breeding, in the number of unmarked fleas recovered at that time. During weeks one, two, and eight, 316 rabbits, equivalent to three times the estimated population size, were examined for fleas, and only 77 were recovered. Of these, 64 (88 %) were found on rabbits trapped within 25 yd of the point at which they were released. Nine rabbits resident in this area accounted for 52 of these 64 fleas, and there were frequent changes in the degree and composition of the infestations of these rabbits. Two rabbits upon which fleas had been released had lost 94 and 96 % of their fleas within 10 days. It is suggested that these results indicate that many fleas were living freely within the rabbit burrows in the immediate area in which they were released.

Observations on the dispersal of the European rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale), through a natural population of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Williams ◽  
I Parer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Rabbit Population ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Time Away

The dispersal of the European rabbit flea, S. cuniculi, through a population of wild rabbits in a 550-acre enclosure was studied. It took 18 months (June 1968 until November 1969), and two rabbit breeding seasons before S, cuniculi was found throughout the population. The number of fleas observed on individual rabbits was much higher during each rabbit bieeding season than in the non-breeding periods. In most cases, the spread of fleas into the various social groups of rabbits occurred during the rabbit breeding season, and appeared to take the form of fleas from an infested group of rabbits being dispersed to a neighbouring uninfested one. This dispersal of S, cuniculi coincided with the dispersal of juvenile rabbits, which were most heavily infested with rabbit fleas at the end of each rabbit breeding season. Three instances of fleas being dispersed to non-neighbouring social groups of rabbits were observed, and these occurred between the 1968 and 1969 rabbit breeding seasons. It is possible that in these cases the fleas were introduced by the dispersal of adult rabbits from warrens infested with S, cuniculi. The data support a previous suggestion that these fleas, on a non-breeding rabbit population, spend most of their time away from the host. in the rabbit burrows.

Toxicopathological effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basir ◽  
Ahrar Khan ◽  
Riaz Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Zargham Khan ◽  
Farzana Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) on clinical, hematological, biochemical and pathological alterations in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). New Zealand white female rabbits (n = 24) of 4-5 months age having 997.92 ± 32.83 g weight were divided into four equal groups. Group A (control) received normal saline intraperitoneally (ip). Animals in groups B, C and D were treated with LCT 1.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg bw ip. Each group received seven consecutive doses at an interval of 48 hours. Blood and serum samples were collected at an interval of 96 hours. Blood analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cell and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils were increased. Serum biochemical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum total proteins and serum albumin, while an increase was seen in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities compared with the control group. Serum globulin values varied non-significantly in all treatment groups as compared to control group. A dose-dependent increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte was observed. All gross and histopathological lesions observed in LCT-treated rabbits were dose-dependent. Liver of the treated rabbits exhibited extensive perihepatitis, hyperplasia of bile duct, necrosis, hemorrhages and congestion. In lungs, there were hemorrhages, thickened alveolar walls, congestion, emphysema, collapsed alveoli and accumulation of extensive inflammatory cells. Kidneys were congested and hemorrhagic whereas renal parenchyma and stroma were normal. Microscopically, heart showed congestion of blood vessels and nuclear pyknosis, myodegeneration. It was concluded from the study that LCT produced toxicopathological alterations in rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that overdosing of LCT be avoided while treating animals for ectoparasites.

The European Rabbit in South-Western Australia. III. Survival.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Wheeler ◽  
DR King
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Live Trapping

The survival of Oryctolagus cuniculus was investigated at 2 sites in the southern part of Western Australia using live-trapping. Winter myxomatosis appears to have been a major factor in determining the changes in population size, through its effect on the survival of young rabbits.

ZINC IN THE RATIONS OF CALVES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hair Cortex

According to the Tambovagrochemcenter data, zinc deficiency in animal rations exceeds 33%. To de-termine the efficiency of ration additives 3 groups of calves were formed, one of which was control and received regular feed, first test group received additional Zinc Sulphate, and second test group received additional Zinc Bioplex. To assess the results, we take into account the following values: chemical com-position and nutritional values of the feed, body mass value, amount of immunoglobulins in blood, bio-chemical and hematological values of blood, morphological values of fur and skin. Noticeable results were achieved in 4 months, with first and second test groups receiving accordingly 3,15% and 6,13% more body mass increase over the control group. A tendency towards higher albumin concentration in both test groups was noted, and calves of the second test group had higher amounts of hemoglobin and higher concentrations of it per erythrocyte. In samples of epidermis and hairs of the second test group the papillary layer was well developed, with the amount of hair and hair follicles exceeding 7 in the field of view, with the thickness of hairs being at least 70 μm. Inner papilla of hair contained 6 to 8 layers of hair, thickness of awn hairs reaching 80-90 μm, down hairs reaching 40 μm, with the hair cortex making up more than 80% of the hair thickness. Thus, introducing zinc salts and chelated zinc compounds to the milk-fed calves’ ration, has resulted in monetary profit increases over the control group by 255,0 and 612,0 roubles accordingly. By all researched values, the highest results were reached from adding zinc bioplex with approximately 360 mg added per animal for the entire duration of the growth process.

Maximum Temperature Through a Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Stringer ◽  
Sarah Malley ◽  
Darrell M. Hutto ◽  
Jason A. Griggs ◽  
Susana M. Salazar Marocho
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Power Setting ◽  
Group A

Background: The most common approach to remove yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fixed-dental prostheses (FDPs) is by means of diamond burs attached to a high-speed handpiece. This process is time-consuming and destructive. The use of lasers over mechanical instrumentation for removal of FDPs can lead to efficient and predictable restoration retrievability. However, the heat produced might damage the tooth pulp (>42˚C). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum temperature (T) reached during the use of different settings of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet Er,Cr:YSGG laser through a YSZ ceramic. Methods: YSZ slices (1 mm thick) were assigned into 7 groups. For the control group, a diamond bur was used to cut a 1 mm groove into the YSZ slices. For the 6 experimental groups, the laser was operated at a constant combination of 33% water and 66% air during 30 s with two different power settings (W) at three frequencies (PPS), as follows (W/PPS): 2.5/20, 2.5/30, 2.5/45, 4.5/20, 4.5/30, 4.5/45. The T through the YSZ slice was recorded in degrees Celsius by using a digital thermometer with a K thermocouple. Results: The median T of the control group was 26.5˚C. The use of 4.5 W resulted in the median T (˚C) of 44.2 at 20 PPS, 53.3 at 30 PPS, and 58.9 at 45 PPS, while 2.5 W showed 34.6, 31.6, and 25.0 at 20, 30, and 45 PPS, respectively. KruskalWallis one-way ANOVA showed that within each power setting, the T was similar. The high power and lowest frequency (4.5/20) showed no significant difference from the 2.5 W settings and the control group. Conclusion: The lower power setting (2.5 W) is a potential method for the use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser to debond YSZ structures. The higher power (4.5 W) with high frequencies (30 and 45 PPS) is unsuitable.

Clinical effect of Suvarna Bindu Prashan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patil Aniket ◽  
Dindore Pallavi ◽  
Arbar Aziz ◽  
Kadam Avinash ◽  
Saroch Vikas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Immune Booster ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The quest for excellence in mental and physical health is not new. We find various references and formulations in Ayurvedic classics meant for promoting mental and physical health of a child. Suvarna Prashan is one of the formulations explained in age old Ayurvedic classic Kashyap Samhita. This formulation is very widely used now days as a memory and immune booster for children. But there is very little systematic documented study which can be used to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. Suvarna Bhasma was prepared in Ayurved Rasayani Pharmacy, Pune. Madhu and Ghrita were collected from KLE Ayurveda Pharmacy, Belgaum. Suvarna Bindu Prashan was prepared in KLE Ayurved pharmacy, Belgaum. It contains Suvarna Bhasma, Ghrita and Madhu. Twenty apparently healthy male and female children with age group of three to four years were ready to sign inform consent form were selected into two groups each. Subjects in Group A received Suvarna Bindu Prashan where as Group B (Control group) did not receive any treatment. Both the groups were observed for six months. Children in Suvarna Bindu Prashan group showed significant reduction in the scores of eating habits, behavior, mood, temperament and scores of event of illness. However there was no significant difference in the score of sleeping habit. There was significant increase in IQ percentage.

Feedback based on health advice via tracing bracelet and smartphone in the management of Blood Pressure among hypertensive patients: A Community-based RCT Trial in Chongqing, China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yang Tao ◽  
Yun Zhong ◽  
Jacqueline Thompson ◽  
Jamal Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Study Intervention

UNSTRUCTURED Lifestyle interventions have been recognised as a line treatment of non-communicable diseases. The aimed of this study was to evaluate a bespoke mHealth approach to delivers personalised feedback to improve blood pressure and weight for hypertensive patients in community settings. A total of 307 participants, 50 from each community, were expected to be in the intervention or control group. A professional health facilitator was assigned for each of the 6 communities. The primary outcomes of the study are the reduction in blood pressure and weight at baseline and post-intervention. Of 307 recruited,192 (62.5%) participants completed the study (intervention: 104 and control: 88). There was no difference in attrition rates between the two groups (33.5%vs41.9%, p=0.291). After 6-months of intensive feedback intervention through mHealth approach, patients had better blood pressure, weight, and BMI compared with control. People who were adherent to the intervention demonstrated a clinical benefit with regards to weight and blood pressure.

scholarly journals Low-dose sublingual immunotherapy compared to subcutaneous immunotherapy and conventional therapy in childhood asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Ariyanto Harsono
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treat Ment ◽  
Group A

Background Evidence begin to accumulate that high-dose sub-lingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is as effective as subcutaneousimmunotherapy (SIT) in the treatment of childhood asthma.Since the capacity of sublingual area is similar whether the doseis high or low, the efficacy of low dose may be important to bestudied.Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose sublingual im-munotherapy in the treatment of childhood asthma.Methods Parents signed informed consent prior to enrollment,after having received information about the study. Patients weremoderate asthma aged 6-14 years with disease onset of lessthan 2 years before the commencement of the study and peakexpiratory flow rate (PEFR) variability of more than 15%. Pa-tients were randomly allocated into group A, B, and C whoreceived subcutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose sublingualimmunotherapy, and conventional asthma therapy, respectively.Randomization was stratified into two strata according to agei.e., 6-11 years or 11-14 years. Patients of each stratum wererandomized in block of three for each group. At the end of threemonths, lung function tests were repeated. The primary outcomewas PEFR variability at the end of the study. The study wasapproved by the Ethics Committee of Soetomo HospitalSurabaya.Results Distribution of variants as represented by sex, age,eosinophil count, and total IgE concentration were normal inthe three groups. PEFR variability decreased significantly from16.97+0.81 to 8.50+5.08 and 17.0+0.87 to 8.40+4.72 in groupreceiving SIT and SLIT, respectively (p<0.05), but decreasednot significantly from 17.00+0.83 to 10.82+0.5.41 in control group(p>0.05).Conclusion Low-dose SLIT is as efficacious as SIT in the treat-ment of moderate asthma in children

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of prothrombotic activity in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive and obstructive atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
VV Ryabov ◽  
D Vorobyeva ◽  
YUG Lugacheva ◽  
IV Kulagina
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Group A ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number №19-315-90106 Aim To compare indicators of blood prothrombotic activity in patients with myocardial infarction with and without coronary arteries obstruction Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with AMI (19 patients in the main group and 21 patients in the control group). Three patients (15.7%) with acute myocarditis were excluded from the analysis. Hemostasiological and hematological blood tests were studied upon admission, on the 2nd, 4th, 7th days from hospitalization. Blood samples for protein C, antithrombin, von Willebrand factor (WF), plasminogen, homocysteine were performed on 4th ± 1 day from hospitalization. To determine the IgG / IgM antibodies to cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein for the diagnosis of APS, the ORGENTEC Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I IgG / IgM ELISA enzyme immunoassay was used. Blood tests for lupus anticoagulant were performed using an ACL-Top 700 analyzer (Werfen) with HemosIL SynthASil dRVVT screen reagents / dRVVT confirm  and with a SCT screen / SCT confirm quartz activator. Results In patients with MINOCA a statistically higher level of homocysteine (p = 0.03) and a lower level of plasminogen (p = 0.007) are determined. Protein C, antithrombin, WF the presence of lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein no differences between the groups were detected, p &gt;0.05. MINOCA patients have a statistically higher platelet level on the 2nd and 4th day of AMI (p = 0.046 and p = 0.01 ) however the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit was statistically lower on the 4th day of AMI, (p = 0.008). In the main group, a moderate correlation was found between protein C and antithrombin (r = 0.65, p = 0.0001), antithrombin and von Willebrand factor (r = 0.54, p = 0.0001), between protein C and platelet level by 4th day (r = - 0.49, p = 0.04). In MINOCA patients a moderate negative correlation was found between homocysteine and plasminogen (r = -0.69, p = 0.002). In the control group, a high correlation was found between protein C and antithrombin (r = 0.96, p = 0.0001), a moderate correlation between protein C and plasminogen (r = 0.47, p = 0.03). In addition, a relationship was revealed between the presence of thrombosis according to ICAG data and the level of ejection fraction (r = 0.46, p = 0.04) in the control group, as well as between the presence of thrombosis and the level of fibrinogen upon admission (r = 0.55, p = 0.008). Conclusions Patients with MINOCA have a higher level of homocysteine and a lower level of plasminogen. For such indicators as protein C, antithrombin III, WF the presence of antibodies on the APS is not defined differences between groups. According to laboratory data patients with MINOCA showed higher levels of platelets but lower levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the early post-infarction period.

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