Density and dispersion of two species of kangaroo in relation to habitat

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Caughley
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Random Dispersion

The dispersion of red and grey kangaroo faeces is usually random in any one plant association although the animals themselves are contagiously distributed. However, groups of kangaroos show a random dispersion in contrast to the contagious dispersion of groups of sheep. The density and dispersion of grey kangaroo faeces correlates with the thickness of cover, probably reflecting selection in the past by marsupial carnivores which are now extinct on the mainland. The density and dispersion of neither kangaroo species correlates with the density or dispersion of the woodland canopy. Although both species of kangaroo utilize all of the plant associations studied, there is a quantitative difference in preferred habitat in that the ratio of densities differs between associations.

scholarly journals Aboriginal knowledge of the mammals of the central deserts of Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Burbidge ◽  
K. A. Johnson ◽  
P. J. Fuller ◽  
R. I. Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
The Subject

More than one-third of the terrestrial mammal species of the central deserts of Australia have vanished in the past 50 years. Few of these have been the subject of even preliminary scientific study, and data as basic as geographic range and preferred habitat are lacking for many species. Aborigines, many of whom lived traditionally in the central deserts until recently, still retain a profound knowledge of the mammals, but this knowledge, too, is fast disappearing. Aboriginal people living in communities scattered through and around the edges of the 1645 000 km2 of the study area, comprising the Great Sandy, Little Sandy, Tanami, Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts and the Central Ranges district, were shown museum skins and asked to provide information about local names, current and past status, and aspects of biology and ecology. Most species, including some thought to have become extinct early this century, persisted in the deserts until 30–50 years ago. New data are presented on former distribution and on the biology and ecology of many species. The mammal fauna of the central deserts was richer and more widespread than generally believed, but the area has suffered a massive and sudden loss of species, probably unparalleled in extent elsewhere in Australia.

ETUDE AGRO-ECOLOGIQUE DANS LE COMTE DE RIVIERE-DU-LOUP: ASPECT ECOLOGIQUE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
J. M. DESCHENES ◽  
J. C. ST-PIERRE
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Vegetation Survey ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Successional Stages

Intensive studies of soil and vegetation were performed in Rivière-du-Loup County to identify various plant associations of meadows and pastures, describe the successional trends of each ecological habitat and establish a relationship between plant associations and various environmental factors. After vegetation survey and analysis, four plant associations and their successional trends were described. Each plant association was identified by the dominant species at the most advanced stage of secondary succession: (1) red fescue-bent grass association, (2) red fescue-Lindberg’s plume moss association, (3) bent grass–red fescue association, and (4) poverty grass–mouse-eared hawkweed association. All four plant associations were distributed in space according to the physiography and nature of the soils. Vegetation was highly influenced by age of sites. Young meadows and pastures were dominanted by timothy, red top, white clover and Canada bluegrass. Red fescue was very important on all 10 yr-old sites and remained so in all successional stages except in bent grass–red fescue and poverty grass–mouse-eared hawkweed associations. Vegetation changes with age depended on both ecological factors and land utilization. The results suggest that intensive soil studies and a rapid survey of vegetation would have provided results very similar to those obtained by a very detailed ecological study.

scholarly journals Ramondo-Ostryetum carpinifoliae – a new association from the hop-hornbeam forests of the Sharri Mountains, Kosovo

Hacquetia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336
Author(s):  
Naim Berisha ◽  
Fadil Millaku ◽  
Bekim Gashi ◽  
Vlado Matevski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Limestone Habitat ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
New Association ◽  
Ostrya Carpinifolia ◽  
Ramonda Myconi

Abstract In Europe, the genus Ramonda is represented with three species: Ramonda nathaliae, Ramonda serbica and Ramonda myconi. The first two are endemic Balkan species that are distributed also in Kosovo. These species grow in limestone as well as serpentine substrates, forming chasmophytic vegetation. The species Ramonda nathaliae is found in Macedonia, Greece, Serbia and in two localities in Kosovo, in the Sharri Mountains (Luboten and Gotovushë). R. nathaliae forms the following plant associations in the serpentines of Macedonia: Asplenio­Ramondetum nathaliae and Scorzonero-Ramondetum nathaliae, and the Achilleo­Ramondetum nathaliae in limestone substrates. Ostrya carpinifolia is charateristic species in Querco pubescentis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae, Ostryo-Fagetum, Querco-Ostryetum carpinifoliae and Corylo colurnae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae. This paper presents plant communities of Ramonda nathaliae and Ostrya carpinifolia in a limestone habitat, where the proposed new plant association named Ramondo­Ostryetum carpinifoliae ass. nova. is described. This plant community belongs to the class Quercetea pubescentis, order Quercetalia pubescenti­petraeae and alliance Fraxino orni­Ostryion. It was found and described on the limestone substrate on Mt. Luboteni (at 960–982 m a.s.l.).

scholarly journals Plant associations for three sawfly species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the Pacific Northwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Quinlyn Baine ◽  
Chris Looney
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Pacific

Plant associations are newly recorded for three tenthredinid species in the Pacific Northwest. A single Monardis pulla D.R. Smith, 1969 emerged from a chamber inside a cynipid gall on Rosa nutkana C. Presl. (Rosaceae). This is the first plant association record for M. pulla. Two Aphilodyctium fidum (Cresson, 1880) emerged from a stem and cynipid gall of Rosa rugibinosa Linnaeus, 1758, respectively. Several Rhogogaster lateraria (Cresson, 1880) eggs were discovered on Castilleja sp., which has no previously recorded sawfly associations.

scholarly journals Association distribution characteristics of natural and artificial Larix gmelinii forests along environmental gradients in northeast China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Bai ◽  
Jinghua Yu ◽  
Shusheng Yuan ◽  
Yihong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Larix Gmelinii ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plant Associations

Abstract Background: Larix gmelinii forest is one of coniferous forests in cold-temperate zone, which is a vital part of national strategic landscape of ecological security of China. Plant association distribution is different in natural and artificial Larix gmelinii forests, meanwhile, determining mechanisms in typical associations of Larix gmelinii forests still need to be explored. The study focused on which environmental factors actuated association distribution of natural and artificial Larix gmelinii forests in northeast China. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to classify plant associations and explored the relationship between species and environment. Results: All the plots (n=175, size=30 m×30 m) of Larix gmelinii forests were classified into 6 plant associations by TWINSPAN. Species diversity in natural forests were higher than that in artificial forests. Ass.III and Ass.IV only appeared in natural forests, meanwhile, Ass.VI only appeared in artificial forests. The primary environmental drivers of species diversity patterns in natural forests were annual mean temperature, followed by annual precipitation, elevation, slope aspect, and canopy density. However, elevation and annual precipitation had strong effects in determining association distribution in artificial forests. Conclusions: Plant association distribution showed habitat preferences, besides, natural forests had higher species diversity and more resistance than artificial forests. The study can be used as a reference for Larix gmelinii forest ecosystem protection in northeast China and a theoretical basis for scientific management in similar areas.

Water metabolism and renal function and structure in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus): responses to water deprivation

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Blaney ◽  
T. J. Dawson ◽  
H. C. K. McCarron ◽  
R. Buffenstein ◽  
A. K. Krockenberger
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Arid Rangelands

The eastern grey kangaroo (M. giganteus) is usually found in mesic habitats but in the past 30–40 years it has expanded its range into arid rangelands. A suggested reason for this expansion has been the provision of additional water sites for domestic stock. In this study we examined aspects of kidney function and water metabolism of M. giganteus. This was done during normal hydration and water restriction so that the water-conserving abilities of M. giganteus could be compared with those of the red kangaroo (M. rufus), the habitat of which is arid rangelands and desert. The indices relative medullary thickness (RMT) and medullary to cortical ratio, derived from the morphology of the kidney, are indicators of renal concentrating ability. In M. giganteus both these indices were lower than in M. rufus: the RMT was 5.24 0.15 (mean s.e.) for M. giganteus and 6.00 0.10 for M. rufus. Measured maximal urine concentrations of these species were 2444 59 (M. giganteus) and 3135 165 mosmol kg–1 (M. rufus), with the respective maximum individual concentrations being 2752 and 4054 mosmol kg–1. Kidney function in hydrated and dehydrated M. giganteus was assessed via glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate and concentration index. As measured by these parameters, M. giganteus had renal water-conserving capacities similar to, or superior to, those of many comparable-sized arid-zone-inhabiting placental mammals, but below those of M. rufus. Water metabolism, as measured by water turnover, showed a similar pattern.

scholarly journals Attempt to accurate the palaeophytosociological method in peat deposit investigations

10.5586/1162 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pałczyński
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Seeds And Fruits ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

Productivity of fruits and seeds of some more important plant associations of lowland mires in the valley of Biebrza river has been investigated. The results obtained were compared with results of stratigraphic analyses. These investigations aimed into accuration of the palaeophytosociological method of reconstruction of the subfossil plant association. The productivity of fruits and seeds of some species is in accordance with quantities occurring in peat-samples. Some other species do not exhibit such an accordance. Reasons are diversified. Of great importance is that the modern quantitetive data explain reasons why seeds of given species dominate in peat-samples and clearly show that the subfossil plant communities can be reconstructed, especially if accompanying species represented by seeds and vegetative remnants are also considered. Data on productivity of seeds and fruits of all peat-forming with regard to the particular plant association should be elaborated. This would make interpretation of results of stratigraphic analyses easier and the reconstruction of subfossil plant associations more reliable.

Distinguishing Agromyzidae (Diptera) Leaf Mines in the Fossil Record: New Taxa from the Paleogene of North America and Germany and Their Evolutionary Implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac S. Winkler ◽  
Conrad C. Labandeira ◽  
Torsten Wappler ◽  
Peter Wilf
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
History Of

Fossilized leaf mines and other traces of phytophagous insects provide a unique window into ecological and evolutionary associations of the past. Leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are an important component of the recent leaf-mining fauna, but their fossil record is sparse compared to other mining insect lineages; many putative agromyzid body fossils and traces are dubiously assigned. Agromyzid leaf mines often can be distinguished from those of other insects by the presence of an intermittent, fluidized frass trail that may alternate between the sides of the mine. Here, we describe two new Paleogene leaf mine fossils, Phytomyzites biliapchaensis Winkler, Labandeira and Wilf n. sp. from the early Paleocene of southeastern Montana, USA, occurring in leaves of Platanus raynoldsii (Platanaceae); and Phytomyzites schaarschmidti Wappler n. sp., from the middle Eocene of Messel, Germany, occurring in leaves of Toddalia ovata (Rutaceae). These fossils both exhibit frass trails indicative of an agromyzid origin, and P. biliapchaensis also exhibits associated stereotypical marks identical to damage caused by feeding punctures of extant adult female Agromyzidae prior to oviposition. Phytomyzites biliapchaensis represents the earliest confirmed record of Agromyzidae, and one of the earliest records for the large dipteran clade Schizophora. Plant hosts of both species belong to genera that are no longer hosts of leaf-mining Agromyzidae, suggesting a complex and dynamic history of early host-plant associations and, for the early Paleocene example, an evolutionary, possibly opportunistic colonization in the midst of the ecological chaos following the end-Cretaceous event in North America.

scholarly journals Geomorphic histories for river and catchment management

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1966) ◽  
pp. 2240-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Community Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
Undesirable State ◽  
Natural Equilibrium ◽  
The Many ◽  
Excessive Water

River and catchment management usually proceeds from the identification of an undesirable state (e.g. pollution, sedimentation, excessive water extraction, dams, invasion by exotic species) to a strategy for reaching a desirable state described as a target. Desirable states are usually determined from community values, economic assessments and ecosystem functions, or a combination of these. Where a catchment is highly disturbed, the target is usually not a natural state, as that cannot be achieved while maintaining human uses, and a history is needed to document the disturbance, understand its cause and define the ‘existence space’, that is, the range of natural states that have occurred in the past. Where a catchment is less disturbed, a former natural state could provide a target for management. But which of the many natural (equilibrium) states that have occurred in the past should be the target? The paper reviews what is known of the quantitative difference between pre- and post-disturbance states, searches for the presence or otherwise of equilibrium and comments on the utility of this information for catchment management. The focus is on erosion and sediment transport.

scholarly journals Fosil Polen Mangrove Berumur Pliosen Dari Formasi Tapak Daerah Kedung Randu, Banyumas

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo Agung Suedy ◽  
Muhadiono Muhadiono ◽  
Supiandi Sabiham ◽  
Ibnul Qoyim
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Type Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Pollen And Spores

Thirty sediment samples had been taken from the Tapak Formation of Kedung Randu areas, Banyumas, to reconstruct the diversity of mangrove flora from this area the past. This samples were processed for palynological slides used standard palynology preparation method. The microscopic identification of palynomorphs were done to identify taxa of paleoflora. Fifty-six types of pollen and spores fossils had been identified and 22 types were mangrove pollen-spores fossils. This fossils could be grouped into major mangrove (Zonocostites ramonae/Rhizophora type, Spinizonocolpites echinatus/Nypa fruticans, Florschuetzia levipoli/Soneratia caseolaris and Avicennia type); group of minor mangrove (Retitricolporites sp./Excoecaria sp., Discoidites novaguenensis/Brownlowia type, Camptostemon and Acrostichum aureum), and a group of plant associations (Retitricolporites equatoralis/Calophyllum type, Dicolpopollis sp./Calamus type, Racemonocolpites sp./Oncosperma, Marginipollis concinus/Barringtonia, Pandaniidites sp. /Pandanus, Terminalia catappa, Ilexpollenites sp./Ilex, Stellatopollis sp./Croton type, Acanthaceae type, Cyperaceaepollis/Cyperaceae, Podocarpidites/Podocarpus, Aglaia type, Haloragacidites/ Casuarina and Verrucatosporites usmensis/Stenochlaena palustris. Stenochlaeniidites papuanus and Podocarpus imbricatus were found in the samples. Tapak Formation was included in the last section of the Podocarpus imbricatus/Dacrycarpidites australiensis Zone of Java Palynological Zonation, and this formation was in the age of Late Pliocene towards Pleistocene. Key word: Tapak Formation; major-minor-plant associations of mangrove; palynological zonation

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