A new Australian genus and family of Diptera (Nematocera: Perissommatidae).

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Colless
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Structural Adaptations ◽  
Median Cell

A new dipterous family (Perissommatidae) is erected to accommodate the genus Perissomma, gen. nov., with its two species, P. fusca, sp. nov., and P. mcalpinei, sp. nov. The genus possesses a considerable number of unusual morphological and biological features including, in the adult, a complete, V-shaped, mesonotal suture; an unusual wing venation, with median cell and costal "ambient vein"; and lateral division of the eyes into completely separate, dorsal and ventral components. P. fusca breeds during the winter months in autodigesting fungi (Boletus granulatus) which occur in large numbers in pine forests near Canberra. The larva is eucephalic and peripneustic, and pupation occurs within a puparium formed from the unmodified larval skin. The species apparently survives through dry weather by means of the prepupa and puparium which show structural adaptations to resist desiccation. Comparison with other Nematocera suggests that Perissomma belongs in the section Bibionomorpha and its immature stages show some resemblance to those of the Scatopsidae. However, no grounds can be found for including it in any known family, and it appears to be a specialized relict of a primitive bibionomorph stock.

Note on Injury to Tree Fruits by Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Essex County ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tree Fruits

The thrips Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) occurred in great abundance early in May, 1954, in orchards of tree fruits in Essex County, Ontario.Observations during the first three weeks of May showed that this insect was abundant on the foliage and blossoms of apple, sweet and sour cherries, plum, and peach. Sweet cherry, European plum, and peach suffered the greatest attack. On sweet cherry and plum large numbers of eggs were inserted in blossom stems, styles and apices of the ovaries. From 30 to 50 per cent of the blossoms of sweet cherry and plum were destroyed, apparently because of disruption of tender tissues by the large numbers of eggs inserted in them; a considerable number of the fruits remaining on the trees were injured by feeding of adults and immature stages of the thrips (Fig. 1).

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRODUCING LARGE NUMBERS OF SECOND-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dail Grisdale
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA method for weekly production in excess of 100,000 second-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura jumiferana (Clem.), is described. It depends on adherence to specific regimes of physical conditions and manipulation for the different immature stages. Standard, easily obtained utensils and materials are used in the rearing technique.

scholarly journals The Biology and Immature Stages of the Moss-Eating Flea Beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), with Description of a Fan-Driven High-Power Berlese Funnel

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Yongying Ruan ◽  
Alexander S. Konstantinov ◽  
Albert F. Damaška
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
A New Species

The biology of the moss and leaf litter inhabiting flea beetles is poorly understood. In this study, a new species of moss-eating flea beetles Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. is described; the morphology of adult and immature stages is examined and illustrated. Its life history and biology are studied. The remarkable and unique biological features are revealed: (1) females deposit one large egg at a time, egg length equals 0.4–0.5 times the female body length, these are unusual in Chrysomelidae; (2) females have only two ovarioles on each side of the ovary, which has not been reported in other Chrysomelidae species; (3) females lay and hide each egg under a spoon-shaped moss leaf; (4) cannibalism of a second instar larva on an egg was observed. Both adults and larvae feed on moss and are polyphagous; their feces mainly consist of un-digested moss fragments; high humidity is essential for the survival of eggs and larvae and expedites the hatching. In addition, a modified fan-driven Berlese funnel is designed for faster extraction of moss inhabiting flea beetles. This device could also be used for collecting other ground-dwelling arthropods. Its working diagram is illustrated and described.

scholarly journals NUISANCE PSYCHODA ALTERNATA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) DEVELOPING IN POTTED PLANTS AT A COMMERCIAL NURSERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Matteo Pallottini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
First Record ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Columbia County

Moth flies (Psychoda alternata Say) were reported emerging in large numbers from potted plants at a commercial nursery near Fort White, Columbia County, FL and causing an annoyance and potentially a public health nuisance at neighboring residences. The distribution of its fly immature stages in the soil of recently re-potted plants was investigated. Two species of plants from the commercial nursery were selected, soil samples were taken at different depths and positions and each soil sample was extracted using a technique for nematode extraction from soil. Larvae and pupae of P. alternata moth flies were identified in the samples. Psychoda alternata is commonly found breeding in trickling filters and this is the first record of it being an important nuisance pest in newly potted plants.

scholarly journals Leukocyte density and volume in normal subjects and in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zipursky ◽  
E Bow ◽  
RS Seshadri ◽  
EJ Brown
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Isolated Cell ◽  
Median Cell ◽  
Monocytes And Lymphocytes

Abstract A method is described for the separation of blood and bone marrow leukocytes on the basis of buoyant density, using a discontinuous Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The median cell densities of monocytes and lymphocytes were found to be 1.067–1.077 and 1.073-1.077 g/ml, respectively. The cells of the myeloid series were shown to increase in density with maturation; the myeloblasts had the lowest density (1.064- 1.065 g/ml) and the neutrophils the highest (greater than 1.080 g/ml). Cell volumes have been determined on isolated cell populations. The findings were: monocytes, 534 +/- 47 cu mu; lymphocytes, 247 +/- 18 cu mu; and neutrophils, 468 +/- 24 cu mu. Fourteen patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were studied. In four patients, the lymphoblasts were of low density (less than 1.068 g/ml), whereas the remaining patients had high density (greater than 1.068 g/ml) lymphoblasts. These four patients had large numbers of lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood and a poor prognosis. Lymphoblast volumes were not different in these two groups and were unrelated to prognosis.

The pioneer vegetation of exposed muds and its biological features

1970 ◽  
Vol 259 (829) ◽  
pp. 207-255 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Germination Experiments

The characteristic pioneer flora of exposed mud in Britain, here considered, is held to comprise about fifty species, most of which are local in their occurrence, often conspicuously intermittent, and very variable in their abundance. The majority are annuals whilst others, potentially perennial, may behave as annuals. Their provenance is prevailingly Southern or Continental. The fruiting periods exhibit a marked late-summer or autumnal bias corresponding with the season of greatest evaporation and frequency of suitable habitat conditions. Most of the ‘mud-species’ have greatly diminished in their frequency, the average loss being probably about 40% of their former locations. The importance of recording their biological characteristics in Britain, before they become extinct, is emphasized. The propagules are shown to be generally small, or very small, with transport by adhesion to the feet and feathers of water-birds as probably the most frequent means of more distant dispersal, although internal carriage may be effective for some species over long distances. Estimates respecting the average and observed maximum outputs for 36 species are furnished and, as with other ‘intermittently available habitats’, these are shown to be very large especially in relation to the size of most of the plants. The mode of germination is illustrated by data from experimental sowings, of freshly ripened propagules, of 38 of these species. The germination behaviour, it is shown, may vary conspicuously as between the different species, sometimes even between individuals of the same taxon, but there is a prevailing tendency, especially marked with some species, towards quasi-simultaneous germination of the seeds or fruits maturing at the same time. Germination experiments, involving large numbers of seeds or fruits from different individuals, have shown that while, frequently, there may be no germination in darkness, the propagules from certain individuals of the same species may yield a small or moderate percentage in the dark. The response to light is probably a matter of degree rather than of kind. Whilst the average behaviour, in this and other respects, is of great significance it is emphasized that the diversity of biological characteristics, which experimental cultures reveal, in the offspring of different individuals (termed ‘polybiosis’) may be of great importance for the exploitation of abnormal circumstances and perhaps even for survival. Most ‘mud-species’ have very small propagules and either exhibit no germination in darkness or a very low percentage. The small number of species with relatively large propagules yield appreciable germinations in the dark. These ‘mud-species’ exhibit, in varying degrees, significant specialization for the colonization of bare mud and are intolerant of competition. Cogent evidence is furnished that emphasizes the importance, for experiments on wild species, of utilizing propagules derived from a single individual to permit of valid conclusions as to the effect of contrasting conditions.

scholarly journals Host Plants of the Immature Stages of the Invasive Longan Lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) in Taiwan

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Meng-Hao Hsu ◽  
Yueh-Lin Yang ◽  
Meng-Ling Wu ◽  
Liang-Jong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Acacia Confusa ◽  
Northern Taiwan

The longan lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.), has been invading mainland Taiwan since 2018, but the distribution of the species has been confined to northern Taiwan until now. The manual removal of the adult insects from the longan is still the main control strategy because of the uncertainty around other key host plants, especially for eggs and nymphs. In this study, large numbers of eggs and nymphs were found on Triadica sebifera (L.) Small and Acacia confusa Merr. The occurrence of immature individuals on Triadica sebifera increased with developmental stage from eggs to the last instar from May to July 2021. On April 30, the first egg mass was recorded. More egg masses were recorded in May, and some could be found in July. In May, only two younger instars were detected. Third and fourth instars began to appear from June, while the fifth instar was mainly recorded from July onwards. The results of this study provide great strategic value for decision-makers to allow for effective control of the target tree species. For now, we proved that longan and pomelo trees, preferred by adults, are not the key hosts for the immature stages of this insect, because few immature individuals were found on them. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of Triadica sebifera should be considered when analyzing possible spreading areas of this invasive lanternfly in Taiwan.

Studies on Marteilia sydneyi, agent of QX disease in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis, with implications for its life cycle

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Roubal ◽  
J Masel ◽  
RJG Lester
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
Large Numbers

An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was developed to test for mature and immature stages of Marteilia sydneyi in the digestive gland of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis. Immunogold labelling of sections for electron microscopy showed that the sporont membrane, refringent granules, spore wall and haplosporosomes were particularly antigenic. The antibody did not react with any myxosporidean parasite found in local fish. Large numbers of sporonts were shed by infected oysters before oyster death. Lightly infected oysters were apparently able to shed all of their parasites and recover. Refringent granules were proteinaceous and an unlikely energy source for the shed parasite. Growth of the sporont was associated with the enlargement and production of refringent granules. The findings implicate filter-feeding or detritivorous invertebrates rather than scavenging invertebrates or fish in the life cycle of Marteilia parasites.

Impact of waterbirds on chemical and biological features of water and sediments of a large, shallow dam reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gwiazda ◽  
Andrzej Woźnica ◽  
Bartosz Łozowski ◽  
Maciej Kostecki ◽  
Adam Flis
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractLarge numbers of Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (max. 10,490 ind.), Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (max. 3,430 ind.) and Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (max. 1,449 ind.) were recorded on the Goczałkowice Reservoir, Poland (2,754 ha). Most of the waterbirds occurred in the backwater of this reservoir. The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen loaded by the most numerous waterbirds into Goczałkowice Reservoir was estimated at 958 kg and 2,621 kg, respectively in 2011 and 1,043 kg and 2,793 kg, respectively in 2012. In 2011 and 2012, the waterbirds introduced a considerable amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and a large number of coliforms into the backwater of the reservoir. The concentration of different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and bacteria coli in the water was not greater at the site of birds’ concentration (except dissolved organic nitrogen). The concentration of nitrates in the water at the site near the breeding colony of gulls in comparison with the reference site was not different. The amounts of P-tot and N-tot in the sediment were similar at the site affected by waterbirds and at the reference site. The dynamics of water masses was not the reason for the lack of differences between the studied sites.

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