Geographic Variation in Calls of Males and Determination of Species Boundaries in Tetraploid Frogs of the Australian Genus Neobatrachus (Myobatrachidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Status

I analysed geographic variation in advertisement call of tetraploid forms of Neobatrachus. Comparing five regional samples spanning the range of N. kunapalari, there was significant geographic variation in pulses per call but not in dominant frequency, pulse rate, pulse duration or percentage rise time. The call of N. kunapalari was significantly different from four other samples covering the geographic range of tetraploid forms across Australia in all but percentage rise time. Calls of frogs from Mt Magnet in Western Australia (WA) differed from calls from Port Hedland (WA) in pulse duration and in multivariate descriptions but were similar in pulse rate. Pulse rates of calls from N. centralis on Eyre Peninsula in South Australia (SA) were distinct from all other populations sampled but in multivariate space these calls were similar to calls of N. sudellifrom eastern Australia. There may be an eastwest cline in call from N. sudelli to calls of N. aquilonius and N. centralis in WA. Call data support the recognition of two tetraploid species: N. kunapalari and N. sudelli. N. sudelli exhibits geographic variation in call, but the status of N. aquilonius and N. centralis as possible synonyms of N. sudelli was not resolved.

Geographic variation in the advertisement call of Crinia signifera (Anura:Myobatrachidae) on Kangaroo Island and across southern south-eastern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Island Sample ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The male advertisement call of anuran amphibians has a major role in mate choice, and regional variation in this attribute can act as an indicator of speciation and a marker for genetic differentiation. As part of a regional study of geographic variation in the male advertisement call of Crinia signifera across south-eastern Australia and adjacent larger continental islands, samples of advertisement calls from two populations on Kangaroo Island and two populations on the adjacent Fleurieu Peninsula were compared. Four call attributes were considered: pulse number, call duration, pulse rate and dominant frequency. Pulse number is considered the most reliable for comparative purposes because it is not influenced by effective temperature or audio recording and analysis. The two island populations (central and eastern, ~24 km apart) differ significantly in pulse number, with contact but no overlap of interquartile ranges. The eastern sample differs markedly from those on the nearby Fleurieu Peninsula – which are both similar to the more distant central island sample. Geographic variation in pulse number in these four samples and 11 others from two recent publications is then interpreted in the light of land bridges and lower temperatures of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.

scholarly journals Reassessment of the advertisement call of topotypic Scinax squalirostris (Anura: Hylidae), with an acoustic evaluation of its occurrence in the Serra da Mantiqueira, southeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta ◽  
André Gomes Lopes ◽  
Davi Lee Bang
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Call Rate ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Poços De Caldas

Reassessment of the advertisement call of topotypic Scinax squalirostris (Anura: Hylidae), with an acoustic evaluation of its occurrence in the Serra da Mantiqueira, southeastern Brazil. Scinax squalirostris (Lutz, 1925) is thought to occur along a broad range in South America. The values reported for calls of topotypes differ substantially among studies. Because vocalizations often play a key role in uncovering cryptic diversity, the call of S. squalirostris is herein redescribed based on a new sample of topotypes. The call of a population from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais state, is also described. Topotypic advertisement calls have a dominant frequency between 3970 and 4125 Hz; 13–15 notes emitted at a rate of 24–27/s; call rate of 67/min and duration of 0.52–0.61 s; mid-call notes having 6 or 7 well-defined pulses, and an intra-note pulse rate of 223–266/s. Calls of the Poços de Caldas population have dominant frequency between 4083 and 4358 Hz; 15–18 notes emitted at a rate of 32–34/s; call rate of 64/min and duration of 0.46–0.56 s; mid-call notes having 6 or 8 well-defined pulses, and an intra-note pulse rate of 252–312/s. The advertisement calls of these populations have some differences with each other, and are promptly distinguished from calls of morphologically similar species. Our data to topotypes are inconsistent with some previously reported. A more detailed study of the population from Poços de Caldas is required, and more marked differences may be found in populations more distant from type locality of S. squalirostris.

scholarly journals Variability in anuran advertisement call: A multi-level study with 15 species of monkey tree frogs (Anura: Phyllomedusidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Röhr ◽  
Felipe Camurugi ◽  
Gustavo Brant Paterno ◽  
Marcelo Gehara ◽  
Flora A. Juncá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Understanding the variability of acoustic signals is a first important step for the comprehension of the evolutionary processes that led to current diversity. Herein, we evaluate the variability of the advertisement call of the phyllomedusid species from the genera Phyllomedusa and Pithecopus at different levels: intra-individual, intra-population, inter-population, intra-species, and inter-specific. An analysis of coefficients of variation showed a continuum of variability between the acoustic parameters analyzed, from static to highly dynamic. Most of the variation was attributed to the inter-specific level while call parameters at the intra-individual level varied the least. However, each parameter behaved differently with call interval being the most variable across all levels. Most temporal acoustic parameters were affected by environmental temperature while pulse rate and dominant frequency were strongly influenced by body size. Only pulse rate was correlated to the geographic distance between populations, while all parameters presented a significant phylogenetic signal. Based on these results, we discuss the possible importance of different evolutionary forces and the usage of vocalizations for taxonomic purposes.

Advertisement call of Peltophryne florentinoi (Anura: Bufonidae), an endemic toad from Zapata Swamp, Cuba

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alonso ◽  
Maike Hernández ◽  
Ariel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Long Duration

AbstractThe advertisement call of Peltophryne florentinoi, an endemic toad from Zapata Swamp, Matanzas, Cuba, is described in terms of temporal properties and dominant frequency. A comparison with the advertisement calls produced by the other three species of large toads in Cuba (P. peltocephala, P. fustiger and P. taladai) is also provided. Like other large toads from Cuba, P. florentinoi produces advertisement calls with long duration (> 10 s), low dominant frequency (< 1 kHz), and a series of complex pulses that are composed of two to five sub-pulses. All temporal features of the P. florentinoi call are significantly different from P. fustiger calls: number of pulses, pulse duration, and pulse rate separates it from P. peltocephala. P. florentinoi differs from P. taladai in call duration, number of pulses, and pulse rate. The occurrence of different types of complex pulses differed in all species studied. Typically, P. florentinoi pulses contain three sub-pulses, P. taladai four, and P. fustiger and P. peltocephala contain two sub-pulses. The dominant frequency of the advertisement call of P. florentinoi did not differ from the other species' calls. Call duration and pulse rate are the most useful acoustic properties to distinguish P. florentinoi advertisement calls from those of the other three large Cuban toads.

scholarly journals Description of a new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 from the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil (Anura, Leiuperidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2681 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS FELIPE TOLEDO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
External Part ◽  
A New Species

I describe here a new species of Pseudopaludicola (P. serrana) found in the southern limits of the Espinhaço mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This new species is related to P. saltica and P. murundu and can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) long hindlimbs and absence of T-shaped terminal phalanges, (2) single, dark, and subgular vocal sac with dark longitudinal folds in males; (3) immaculate to light brown, nuptial pads in males that cover the external part of finger I; (4) SVL/HL greater than 2.7; and (5) advertisement call with dominant frequency above 5 kHz, pulse duration range between 13 and 23 ms, and mean interval between notes of 177 ms. Tadpoles and the advertisement call are also described.

Geographic variation in advertisement calls of Crinia signifera (Anura:Myobatrachidae) in the Bass Strait area of south-eastern Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Central ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

The structure of recorded advertisement calls of a total of 176 males of Crinia signifera from eight localities on the south-eastern Australian mainland and Tasmania was investigated. On the basis of number of pulses per call (samples from all localities) and call duration adjusted to 13.0°C (samples from six localities), two geographic groups are recognised: (1) south-central Victoria, and (2) the extreme south-eastern mainland and Tasmania. This pattern of variation is postulated to reflect expansion of a differentiated Tasmanian stock on to the extreme south-eastern Australian mainland along the eastern sill of the Bassian Isthmus during the lower sea levels of the Late Pleistocene. Geographic variation in pulse rate (derived from number of pulses and call duration) was also considered because of its use in previous studies. The variation in dominant frequency in samples from five localities, adjusted for snout–vent length, does not conform to that for number of pulses and call duration, and is attributed to differences in demographic structure and recruitment.

Acoustic Communication in Woodhouse's Toad (Bufo Woodhousei)

Behaviour ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Sullivan ◽  
Marjorie R. Leek
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Bufo Woodhousei ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Filtered Noise ◽  
Toad Bufo

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that acoustic stimuli must be similar to the species-typical advertisement call in both dominant frequency and pulse rate to attract female Woodhouse's toads (Bufo woodhousei) in discrimination trials. Using synthetic advertisement calls we determined that females always preferred a synthetic call with the species-specific pulse rate and frequency over synthetic calls in which only pulse rate or frequency was within the range for the species. However, appropriately pulsed, narrow-band filtered noise was a sufficient acoustic stimulus to attract 20% of the females in one-quarter of their discrimination trials. These results are discussed in light of species recognition in bufonids.

Intra-specific variation in advertisement call of Odontophrynus cordobae (Anura, Cycloramphidae): a multilevel and multifactor analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Grenat ◽  
Julián A. Valetti ◽  
Adolfo L. Martino
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Breeding Sites

Advertisement call is a complex signal that can vary at different scales and the characterization of this variation is crucial to understand its adaptive function. In our study, we examined different factors that could influence intra and inter-population call variation in Odontophrynus cordobae. We analyzed calls of individuals from different breeding sites across the species distribution, including a syntopic site with their related species O. americanus. Dominant frequency, pulse rate, call duration and pulses/call were the acoustic parameters that showed the lowest intra-individual variation (CV ≤ 3%). The discriminant function analysis (DFA) assigned 92% of calls to the correct individual, indicating that the advertisement calls of O. cordobae are individually distinctive. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant contribution of pulse rate in differentiation of populations. Interpulse interval and pulse rate showed a moderate clinal variation, even when syntopic populations were excluded from the analysis. We found no association between acoustic and linear geographical or altitudinal distances and observed an evident divergence between the syntopic population and the other populations analyzed. This result is reinforced by DFA, which showed a differentiation among syntopic and allopatric populations of O. cordobae. We discuss our results from the hypothesis of a possible character displacement influencing call properties in this species in syntopy with their related species O. americanus. However, new syntopic areas and tests of female preferences would be needed to strengthen our results.

scholarly journals Variability in anuran advertisement call: a multi-level study with 15 species of monkey tree frogs (Anura, Phyllomedusidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Röhr ◽  
Felipe Camurugi ◽  
Gustavo B. Paterno ◽  
Marcelo Gehara ◽  
Flora A. Juncá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Understanding the variability of acoustic signals is a first important step for the comprehension of the evolutionary processes that led to current diversity. Herein, we evaluate the variability of the advertisement call of the phyllomedusid species from the genera Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830 and Pithecopus Cope, 1866 at different levels: intra-individual, intra-population, inter-population, intra-species, and inter-specific. An analysis of coefficients of variation showed a continuum of variability between the acoustic parameters analyzed, from static to highly dynamic. The majority of the variation was attributed to the inter-specific level, while call parameters at the intra-individual level varied the least. However, each parameter behaved differently with call interval being the most variable across all levels. Most temporal acoustic parameters were affected by environmental temperature, while pulse rate and dominant frequency were strongly influenced by body size. Only pulse rate was correlated to the geographic distance between populations, while all parameters presented a significant phylogenetic signal. Based on these results, we discuss the possible importance of different evolutionary forces and the usage of vocalizations for taxonomic purposes.

The Validity of Rector�s Circular Letter on the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fradhana Putra Disantara
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the �health emergency� status to the existing legal theory and condition as well as to identify the validity of the Circular Letter of the Rector of State Universities. To this end, this study applied the statute and conceptual approach. The study was conducted by inventorying primary and secondary legal materials to obtain a proper and critical review of the legal issues under study. The results showed that the determination of the �health emergency� status by the government was inappropriate due to the uncertainty of the regulations issued by the government to determine the current condition. Thus, the status of the COVID-19 pandemic is a �legal emergency� status. Further, the Rector�s policy through the Circular Letter is valid judicially, sociologically, and philosophically. The determination of the �legal emergency� status can be done by issuing a Perppu without a �state of emergency� from the President. Finally, it is suggested to firstly get an approval from the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding the issuance of the Rector�s Circular Letter. Besides, further study is needed as this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.�Keabsahan Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pandemi Covid-19Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa relevansi status �darurat kesehatan� dengan teori hukum dan kondisi yang ada dan keabsahan atas Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi Negeri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statute approach dan conseptual approach. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menginventarisasi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, guna mendapatkan kajian yang seyogianya dan telaah kritis terkait isu hukum. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penetapan status darurat kesehatan oleh pemerintah kurang tepat, dikarenakan tidak menentu-nya peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk menetapkan kondisi saat ini. Sehingga, status pandemi COVID-19 merupakan status darurat hukum. Kebijakan rektor melalui Surat Edaran adalah absah secara aspek yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Penetapan darurat hukum cukup dilakukan dengan menerbitkan Perppu tanpa pernyataan darurat dari Presiden. Saran peneliti adalah di perlukan persetujuan pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan terkait terbitnya Surat Edaran Rektor, dan dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dikarenakan penelitian ini dilakukan pada masa COVID-19 yang bersifat temporal.�

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