Observations on the life history of the cat Lungworm. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet, 1898) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mackerras
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of

First-stage larvae of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet) developed readily in the garden slug, Agriolimax laevis (Muller), two moults occurring in this host. When infected slugs were eaten by a cat, the third-stage larvae migrated at once to the lungs, where they underwent the third and fourth moults. The prepatent period in the cat was about 39 days. When infected slugs were fed to laboratory-bred mice, the third-stage larvae were not digested, but congregated in great numbers in the gastro-splenic ligament, forming minute yellowish cysts. They were also recovered in small numbers from other parts of the body. Third-stage larvae survived unchanged in mice for 12 weeks, and probably would survive for longer periods. Mice were regarded as important auxillary hosts. The minute adult worms were found in the bronchioles of the cat. They were always very difficult to locate. The eggs were laid in the alveoli, forming a characteristic pattern of small, solid nodules scattered throughout the lung tissue.

The Life History of Onesia accepta Malloch (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

The life history of Onesia accepta Mall. is described. This species is parasitic on the earthworm Microscolex dubius Fletcher. The first and second larval instars are passed under the skin and the third instar in the body cavity of the host. The feeding period of the maggot is approximately 20 days, and the pupal stage about 12 days.The external morphology of the three larval instars and of the puparium is described in detail.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF MOLINEUS BARBATUS CHANDLER, 1942

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Experimental Host ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of

Using the ferret as an experimental host, the life cycle of Molineus barbatus was shown to be direct. All stages are described. The third-stage larva infects the host orally or percutaneously and subsequent stages develop in the mucosa of the small intestine. The male matures earlier than the female and eggs are laid in 8 to 13 days after infection. The parasite is highly pathogenic to ferrets but apparently less so to skunks and racoons.

Presentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redacción CEIICH
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
History Of

<p class="p1">The third number of <span class="s1"><strong>INTER</strong></span><span class="s2"><strong>disciplina </strong></span>underscores this generic reference of <em>Bodies </em>as an approach to a key issue in the understanding of social reality from a humanistic perspective, and to understand, from the social point of view, the contributions of the research in philosophy of the body, cultural history of the anatomy, as well as the approximations queer, feminist theories and the psychoanalytical, and literary studies.</p>

Studies on the life-history of Bunostomum phlebotomum (Railliet, 1900), a hookworm parasite of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Infective Larva ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cutaneous Blood ◽  
Fourth Stage Larva

A description is given of the processes of copulation, formation of the egg and spermatozoon, cleavage, embryogeny and hatching in B. phlebotomum. These processes were found to be essentially similar to those in other strongyle nematodes.The anatomy of the first three larval stages is described and the observations of Conradi & Barnette (1908) and Schwartz (1924) were largely confirmed.Penetration of the skin of calves by the infective larva was observed histologically. The larvae were found to have reached the dermis within 30 min. and to have penetrated the cutaneous blood vessels within 60 min. of application to the skin. The larvae were found in the lung where the third ecdysis was in progress 10 days after penetration of the skin. A description is given of the growth of the third-stage larva in the lung, the changes which take place during the third ecdysis, and the anatomy of the fourth-stage larva.The fourth-stage larvae exsheath in the lungs and travel to the intestine. After a period of growth in which sexual differentiation takes place, the fourth ecdysis occurs and the adult parasite emerges. The time required for the attainment of maturity was found to be somewhere between 30 and 56 days after penetration of the skin.This paper was written at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories, Wey-bridge, and the writer would like to express his gratitude to the Director, Prof. T. Dalling, also to Dr W. R. Wooldridge, chairman of the Council of the Veterinary Educational Trust for their help and encouragement. The writer's thanks are also due to Dr H. A. Baylis, Prof. R. T. Leiper and Dr E. L. Taylor for their advice and help on technical points, and to Mr R. A. O. Shonekan, African laboratory assistant, for his able co-operation.

The factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour: A descriptive-analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Soodabeh Aghababaei ◽  
Mansoureh Yazdkhasti ◽  
Farideh Kazemi ◽  
Fatemeh Farahmandpour
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Several risk factors have been identified for postpartum hemorrhage, one of which being the duration of the third stage of labour. This stage refers to the interval between the expulsion of the fetus to the expulsion of the placenta. Some bleeding occurs in this stage due to the separation of the placenta Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 women hospitalized for vaginal birth were selected via convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.41 (6.26) years. Investigation of the relationship between the study variables and the time of placental separation indicated that a minute increase in the length of membranes rupture caused a 0.003minute decrease in the time of placental separation. However, this time increased by 2.75, 6.68, and 2.86 minutes in the individuals without the history of abortion, those with the history of stillbirth, and those who had not received hyoscine, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that suffering from preeclampsia or hypertension, history of stillbirth, not receiving hyoscine, and not receiving misoprostol increased the length of the third stage by 4.40, 8.55, 2.38, and 6.04 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Suffering from preeclampsia and having the history of stillbirth increased and using hyoscine and misoprostol decreased the length of the third stage of labour. However, no significant relationship was found between the length of the third stage of labour and mother’s age, gestational age, parity, mother’s body mass index, mother’s chronic disorders, history of manual placenta removal, length of the first and second stages, membranes rupture, induction, amount of oxytocin after delivery, and infant’s weight and gender.

RUSSIAN DIASPORA. SUMMATION AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Irina V. Sabennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Principles

The historiography of any historically significant phenomenon goes through several stages in its development. At the beginning − it is the reaction of contemporaries to the event they experienced, which is emotional in nature and is expressed in a journalistic form. The next stage can be called a retrospective understanding of the event by its actual participants or witnesses, and only at the third stage there does appear the objective scientific research bringing value-neutral assessments of the phenomenon under study and belonging to subsequent generations of researchers. The history of The Russian Diaspora and most notably of the Russian post-revolutionary emigration passed to the full through all the stages of the issue historiography. The third stage of its studying dates from the late 1980s and is characterized by a scientific, politically unbiased study of the phenomenon of the Russian emigration community, expanding the source base and scientific research methods. During the Soviet period in Russian historiography, owing to ideological reasons, researchers ‘ access to archival documents was limited, which is why scientific study of the history of the Russian Diaspora was not possible. Western researchers also could not fully develop that issue, since they were deprived of important sources kept in Russian archives. Political changes in the perestroika years and especially in the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union increased attention to the Russian Diaspora, which was facilitated by a change in scientific paradigms, methodological principles, the opening of archives and, as a result, the expansion of the source base necessary for studying that issue. The historiography of the Russian Diaspora, which has been formed for more than thirty years, needs to be understood. The article provides a brief analysis of the historiography, identifies the main directions of its development, the research problematics, and defines shortcomings and prospects.

Terapi Mandi Terhadap Pecandu Narkotika Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodir Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muslimah Muslimah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Bath Therapy

This study aims to determine how the process and benefits of bath therapy for narcotic addicts at Al-Qodir Islamic Boarding School, Cangkringan, Sleman Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative research with two clients who undergo healing due to narcotics addiction. Methods of data collection by interview, observation, documentation. The method of checking the validity of the data used the "triangulation" technique. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study describe that the process of bathing therapy carried out by narcotic addicts at the Al-Qodir Islamic boarding school goes through several stages. The first is the preparation stage, namely the therapist preparing the facilities, waking the narcotic addicts santri, and reading prayers into the bathroom. The second stage of implementation is the intention to bathe, perform ablution, and pour water all over the body. The third stage of closing is reading the prayer out of the bathroom, and giving suggestions from the therapist. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses dan manfaat terapi mandi terhadap pecandu narkotika di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodir Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian dua orang klien yang menjalani penyembuhan akibat pecandu narkotika. Metode  pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Metode pemeriksaan keabsahan data dengan tehnik “triangulasi”. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bahwa proses terapi mandi yang dilakukan oleh para santri pecandu narkotika di pondok pesantren Al-Qodir ini melalui beberapa tahapan. Pertama tahap persiapan yaitu terapis menyiapkan sarana, membangunkan para santri pecandu narkotika, dan membaca do’a masuk kamar mandi. Tahap kedua pelaksanaan yaitu niat mandi, berwudhu, menyiramkan air ke seluruh tubuh. Tahap ketiga penutupan yaitu membaca do’a keluar kamar mandi, dan memberikan sugesti dari terapis.

On the life history of Ascaris devosi and its development in the white mouse and the domestic ferret

Parasitology ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 244-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
White Mouse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
History Of

The development of Ascaris devosi, a parasite of the fisher and marten, was followed from the egg to the adult stage using the white mouse and the ferret as the intermediate and final hosts respectively. The eggs contained motile 1st stage larvae 6 days after cleavage and were infective at 12 days, the 1st moult having already occurred. The eggs remained infective for at least 1 year. The 2nd stage larva after hatching from the egg in the intestine of the mouse passes through the intestinal wall to the liver and mesenteric tissues. At 3 days after infection they were recovered from the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys and from the carcass. The larvae grow and store food material during the 2nd stage and between 8 and 12 days after infection they undergo the 2nd moult. The mouse shows the most severe pulmonary symptoms on the 3rd and 4th days after infection, the lungs showing complete red hepatization at this time. The 3rd stage larva is relatively inactive and becomes encapsulated in various tissues, particularly in the muscular and subcutaneous tissues of the neck, shoulders and thorax. The chief developmental changes, apart from growth, which occur in the 2nd and 3rd stage larvae are: (i) the intestine develops from a single row of cells to a multi-cellular tube; (ii) the body cavity appears; (iii) the excretory lobes appear, the nucleus on the left side becoming prominent at the end of the 2nd stage; (iv) the cuticle shows transverse striations at the end of the 2nd stage; (v) the lateral lines become prominent.The encapsulated 3rd stage larvae remained alive for at least six months in the tissues of mice and at 25 days after infection of the mouse they were able to develop in the young ferret following killing and ingestion of the mouse. No infection of ferrets was obtained through oral administration of embryonated eggs or 3rd stage larvae digested from mouse tissues.The 3rd moult occurred in the intestine of the young ferret 3–4 days after infection; in adult ferrets the 3rd stage larvae were evidently unable to gain a hold and were passed out in the faeces. In the next 2–3 weeks the larva grew from about 2 to 16 mm. the 4th moult occurring between 2 and 3 weeks after infection. During the 4th stage the lips develop into the adult form and sexual differentiation occurs. In the female the genital rudiment moves forward and becomes differentiated into the vagina, uteri and ovaries. The vulva remains closed throughout the 4th stage.The adult parasites had developed to sexual maturity by 56 days after infection, but they continued to grow and were considerably longer at 6 months after infection. The position of the vulva relative to the body length was found to move from about midway along the body in the 4th stage larva to a position at the junction of the anterior and middle third of the body in the mature adult.The life history of this parasite is discussed in relation to that of A. lumbricoides and other species. It is considered that the life history of A. devosi, requiring as it does a true intermediate host for its completion, provides further information on the evolutionary development of the ascaris group. This work accordingly supports the hypothesis that the earliest members of this group utilized an intermediate host and does not support that which supposes that ascaris parasites are descended from skin-penetrating forms.During this investigation the writer has benefited considerably from correspondence with Dr J. D. Tiner, Department of Zoology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. His thanks are also due to Dr H. B. Speakman and Dr A. M. Fallis for their encouragement, guidance and help.This work was supported by the Province of Ontario on the recommendation of the Research Council of Ontario.Grateful acknowledgement is made to Mr Cliff Smith of the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories of the University of Toronto for photographic work.

On the Morphology and Life History of Fasciola nyanzae Leiper, 1910 from the Hippopotamus

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Dinnik ◽  
N. N. Dinnik
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Characteristic Shape ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
A New Species

A half a century ago, R. T. Leiper described a new species belonging to the genus Fasciola from specimens which he collected from hippopotami at the Murchison Falls, on the Victoria Nile in Uganda, in the summer of 1907. This species, Fasciola nyanzae, was found in the bile ducts of the liver, and in most instances the specimens were somewhat macerated owing to the length of time that had elapsed before the animal could be recovered from the water. Nevertheless, the characteristic shape of these liver flukes and the restriction of the branched testes to the anterior third of the body made it possible to recognise them as being different from all other species of the genus known at that time.

The life history of Cooperia Pectinata Ransom

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Keith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

Observations are reported on the morphology of the egg and infective larva, and on the development in calves of the parasitic stages of Cooperia pectinata Ransom. The third and fourth moults occurred 2 and 8 days, respectively, after infection. The pre-patent period was 13-14 days.

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