Decline of the dasyurid marsupial Antechinus minimus maritimus in south-east Australia: implications for recovery and management under a drying climate

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Wilson ◽  
Lily Zhuang-Griffin ◽  
Mark J. Garkaklis
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
High Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Long Term Studies

Our understanding of recent extinctions and declines of Australian mammals is poor, particularly where there is a paucity of data to quantify change. The swamp antechinus (A. m. maritimus) has a fragmented, coastal distribution in south-east Australia. Although long-term studies (1975–2007) of this vulnerable species were conducted in the eastern Otways, its current status was unclear. We assessed the success of live trapping and camera trapping (2013–17) at 42 sites, 19 where the species was trapped previously. Between 2013 and 2015 A. m. maritimus was recorded at only 6 sites (n = 8), but at none in 2016–17. Assessment of long-term changes found that high-density populations occurred after above-average rainfall, and both low- and high-density populations collapsed after wildfire, after low rainfall, and in fragmented habitat. The species may now be restricted to very small populations in refuges such as coastal dunes, and predicted low rainfall and increased burning frequency pose major threats to the species’ survival. Recovery is unlikely without targeted management, including predator control and protection from inappropriate fire regimes and habitat fragmentation. If similar declines have been experienced across the species’ range, prevention of extinction of the species will require similar management strategies.

scholarly journals Long-term fluctuations in distribution and populations of a threatened rodent (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) in coastal woodlands of the Otway Ranges, Victoria: a regional decline or extinction?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Wilson ◽  
Mandy Lock ◽  
Mark J. Garkaklis
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
High Density ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Average Rainfall

Since European settlement Australian native rodents have experienced dramatic extinctions and declines. We investigated long-term population and distribution changes during 1981–2003, and known or potential causal factors of decline in the vulnerable New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae). We found that populations (n = 8) were extant for 1–6 years and were predominantly small, localised and extinction prone. High-density populations occurred after above-average rainfall but declined precipitously during drought. Wildfire resulted in the extirpation of some populations, while others survived in unburnt refugia. We propose that post-fire vegetation (3–7 years) contemporaneous with above-average rainfall delivered productive habitat resulting in both a population irruption, and recovery after wildfire. Population declines occurred in drought periods. Recent trapping at 42 sites (2013–17) failed to record any New Holland mice. The species has not been recorded since 2003. Recovery is unlikely without intensive management, focussed on remnant or reintroduced populations, including protection from habitat fragmentation and inappropriate fire regimes. Prevention of extinction of the species throughout its southern range will require similar management strategies.

Heart rate variability: prognostic implications

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Futterman ◽  
L Lemberg
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Hrv Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Long Term Studies

HRV offers information about sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic function and thus can serve as a measure of risk stratification for serious cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. HRV appears to be altered in patients with acute myocardial infarction or diabetic neuropathy and is affected by other physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Use of HRV measurements requires continued investigation to determine optimal methods and tools by which HRV indices and its variables are analyzed. Long-term studies are required to help correct for differences in values pertaining to age and disease process. Also, studies are needed to determine how patient management strategies will be affected by knowledge gained through HRV analysis and to determine which patient populations should be monitored for HRV analysis and to identify those at risk for sudden cardiac death.

scholarly journals Current Status of Distal Embolization in Femoropopliteal Endovascular Interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cannavale ◽  
Mariangela Santoni ◽  
Marianna Gazzetti ◽  
Carlo Catalano ◽  
Fabrizio Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Major Amputation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Distal Embolization ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Short And Long Term

The application of advanced endovascular techniques in very complex femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions has shown to expose patients to a higher risk of distal embolization (DE). This complication can affect both the short- and long-term outcomes, leading to worsening ischemia, early minor/major amputation, and longer hospital stay. Recently, there has been an increasing body of evidence on pathophysiology and clinical–radiological management of DE that however has not been systematically addressed by guidelines. The aim of this review was to analyze the current evidence outlining definition and classification, risk assessment, prevention, and management strategies of DE in femoropopliteal endovascular interventions.

scholarly journals Quantifying Long-Term Urban Grassland Dynamics: Biotic Homogenization and Extinction Debts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1989
Author(s):  
Marié J. du Toit ◽  
D. Johan Kotze ◽  
Sarel S. Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Vegetation Sampling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Long Term Studies

Sustainable urban nature conservation calls for a rethinking of conventional approaches. Traditionally, conservationists have not incorporated the history of the landscape in management strategies. This study shows that extant vegetation patterns are correlated to past landscapes indicating potential extinction debts. We calculated urban landscape measures for seven time periods (1938–2019) and correlated it to three vegetation sampling events (1995, 2012, 2019) using GLM models. We also tested whether urban vegetation was homogenizing. Our results indicated that urban vegetation in our study area is not currently homogenizing but that indigenous forb species richness is declining significantly. Furthermore, long-term studies are essential as the time lags identified for different vegetation sampling periods changed as well as the drivers best predicting these changes. Understanding these dynamics are critical to ensuring sustainable conservation of urban vegetation for future citizens.

Impact and response: a review of the effects of fire on the Australian avifauna

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
H. F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

The literature concerning the impact of fire on avian communities and the response of birds to fire is reviewed for the Australian continent. There are few detailed long-term studies of the effects of fire on avian communities, but there is sufficient information on fire effects from a broad cross-section of Australian habitats to identify patterns of response to individual fires and to predict likely long-term effects. Some birds respond immediately to fire, taking advantage of temporarily increased availability of food. These birds include predators that are attracted to fires to feed on exposed, disoriented and fire-killed prey and seed-eaters that congregate in burnt habitats to feed on seeds released by the fire or on the seeds of rapidly maturing post-fire ephemerals. At least in eucalypt forests, there is an increase of arthropod abundance on the rapidly regenerating vegetation that may lead to increased abundances of some bird species. Depending on the severity of the fire and the amount of vegetation killed, most avian communities recover rapidly following single fires regardless of fire intensity. However, such fires may pose a significant threat to species with a restricted distribution, limited reproductive potential, poor dispersal ability and/or narrow habitat requirements. Birds persisting in fragmented habitats are particularly at risk. However, of greatest significance as a threatening process to avian communities are increases in fire frequency. Of the threatened species in Australia whose relationships with fire have been comparatively well-documented, almost all show a clear preference for less frequent fires. Detrimental fire regimes contributed to the extinction of two of the three bird species and three of the four subspecies which have disappeared from Australia since European colonization. Inappropriate fire management is now a factor in the threatened status of at least 51 nationally recognized threatened Australian bird taxa. In many environments (notably heath and mallee), inappropriate fire regimes are the main threat to declining bird species. In temperate eucalypt forest and woodland, as well as in heathlands, control burning is widely used to reduce the threat of wildfire. While, in general, the immediate impact of controlled burns is less than that of wildfire, the frequency of these fires can lead to floristic and structural changes in the vegetation. Although not well-documented, these vegetative changes adversely affect the avifauna. In Australia, the most detailed long-term studies suggest that frequent, low-intensity fires may lead to the decline and loss of some species which are now perceived as common and little affected by mild fires.

Implications of Long-Term Studies of Three Model Preschool Programs for Head Start

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Elena V. Malofeeva ◽  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Arthur J. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Preschool Programs ◽  
Long Term Studies

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

Diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in the sediments of the Eurasian Arctic seas and their significance for paleooceanological investigations in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Polyakova ◽  
Yekaterina I. Novichkova ◽  
Tatiana S. Klyuvitkina ◽  
Elizaveta A. Agafonova ◽  
Irina M. Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marginal Filter ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Term Studies

Presented the results of long-term studies of diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in surface sediments of the Arctic seas and the possibility of their use for the reconstructions of paleocirculation water masses, advection of Atlantic and Bering sea water into the Arctic ocean, changes in the river runoff to the seas, sedimentary processes in the marginal filter of the largest rivers, seasonal sea ice cover and other hydrological parameters.

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