Reintroduction methods and a review of mortality in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Grampians National Park, Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Taggart ◽  
D. J. Schultz ◽  
T. C. Corrigan ◽  
T. J. Schultz ◽  
M. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
National Park ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Release Strategy ◽  
Main Factor

Captive-bred brush-tailed rock-wallabies (BTRW) were reintroduced into the Grampians National Park, Australia, during 2008–12. Two release strategies (methods) were examined: ‘Small release with supplementation’ (Strategy 1) and ‘Larger release, no supplementation’ (Strategy 2). Of the 39 animals released, 18% survived. Thirty-six percent of all mortality occurred within the first 100 days. Under Strategy 1, 22 animals were released in five groups. Twenty deaths occurred across 48 months, with predation estimated to account for 15% of mortalities. Under Strategy 2, 17 individuals were reintroduced across one month. Twelve deaths occurred in the five months following release, with predation estimated to account for 83.4% of mortalities. Of the independent variables tested for their relationship to survival time after release, release strategy was the only significant predictor of survival time after release with the risk of death 3.2 times greater in Strategy 2. Independent variables tested for their relationship to predation risk indicated that release strategy was also the only significant predictor of predation risk, with the risk of death associated with predation 10.5 times greater in Strategy 2. Data suggested that fox predation was the main factor affecting BTRW establishment. Predation risk declined by 75% during the first six months after release. A significant positive relationship was also found between predation risk and colony supplementation events. We conclude that predation risk at Moora Moora Creek is reduced in releases of fewer animals, that it declines across time and that disturbing BTRW colonies through the introduction of new animals can increase predation risk. We recommend that future reintroductions should employ diverse exotic predator control measures at the landscape scale, time releases to periods of lowest predator activity, and limit colony disturbance to maintain group cohesion and social structure. Furthermore, the preferred method of population establishment should be single, small releases over multiple sites without supplementation. Further testing of the reintroduction biology of this species is urgently required.

Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park

2013 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van R. Kane ◽  
James A. Lutz ◽  
Susan L. Roberts ◽  
Douglas F. Smith ◽  
Robert J. McGaughey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Yosemite National Park ◽  
Mixed Conifer

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of road construction dust on glacier environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02048
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Shegang Shao ◽  
Dong Ni ◽  
Xiaodong Shang ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Extension Direction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

Construction dust falls to the snow cover and the surface of the glacier to form a fouling layer to absorb more solar radiation and reduce the intensity of surface albedo, thereby accelerating the melting of the glacier, which is the main factor affecting the glacial environment in the Highway construction. This article adopts the combination method of wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation was used to calculate the impact range of construction dust. The results show that with increasing of particle size, the diffusion range of dust decreased while the settlement speed increased. High dust concentration area (> 4mg / m3) is generally distributed within 1000m around the construction site. The specific extension direction is directly related to the local terrain and wind direction, and the height direction is generally not more than 300m. According to the above simulation results, for preventing and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment, the requirements of route selection and construction dust control measures was put forward, which played an important role and significance in guiding the highway design and construction and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment.

Landscape-scale heterogeneity in lodgepole pine serotiny

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Tinker ◽  
William H. Romme ◽  
William W. Hargrove ◽  
Robert H. Gardner ◽  
Monica G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Postfire Regeneration ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Landscape Level

A 1992 study of serotiny in lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) in Yellowstone National Park asked four questions: (i) are there morphological characteristics that can be used to estimate pre-fire proportion of serotinous trees in forests that burned in 1988?; (ii) at what spatial scale does percent serotinous trees vary across the landscape?; (iii) which environmental factors are correlated with serotiny?; and (iv) what is the relationship between prefire serotiny and postfire lodgepole pine seedling density? We first sampled cone characteristics in serotinous and nonserotinous trees along four 2950-m transects in unburned forests, and examined burned trees nearby. Results indicated that asymmetrical cones and an acute angle of cone attachment to the branch were reliable indicators of serotiny even in burned trees. We then sampled nine patches of lodgepole pine forest that had burned in 1988, and varied in size from 1–3600 ha. We sampled serotiny at varying intervals along two perpendicular transects that crossed in the center of each patch. At each sample point, the 12 nearest canopy lodgepole pines were classified as serotinous or nonserotinous. We concluded that the percentage of serotinous trees is most variable at intermediate scales of 1–10 km, and is relatively homogeneous at both fine scales (<1 km) and at very broad scales (tens of kilometers). Percent serotiny was generally more variable and greater at low to middle elevations. Prefire density of serotinous trees was a more important predictor of postfire seedling density than aspect, slope, or soil type. These findings have important implications for landscape-level patterns in postfire regeneration of lodgepole pine.

scholarly journals Pengamatan Laju Penyakit White Syndrome Pada Montipora sp. Di Pulau Pramuka, Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Abdur Rosyid ◽  
Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
White Syndrome ◽  
Coral Surface ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Main Factor

Coral disease now became main factor of coral degradation in the world. There is still a few report about coral disease in Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park (TNKPS) include of white syndrome (WS) in Montipora sp. WS was characterized by white area on coral surface at several stages. WS had caused coral tissue loss and leaved bare CaCO3 skeleton that was caused by pathogenic Vibrio coralliitycus associated with other microorganisms. In this study the progress of WS calculated by measurement of the distances of WS that moved from diseased to healty coral surface. All calculations was performed used ImageJ Software. Our result showed that WS progression rate in first week was 9.06 cm2 and the second week was 2.37 cm2. Total coral tissue mortality was 12.03% for 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare in Predator Control: Lessons from Land and Sea. How the Management of Terrestrial and Marine Mammals Impacts Wild Animal Welfare in Human–Wildlife Conflict Scenarios in Europe

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Nunny
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Predator Management ◽  
Wildlife Control ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

The control of predators, on land and in the sea, is a complex topic. Both marine and terrestrial mammal predators come into conflict with humans in Europe in many ways and yet their situations are rarely compared. Areas of conflict include the predation of livestock and farmed fish, and the perceived competition for wild prey (for example wolves competing with hunters for deer and seals competing with fishermen for salmon). A lethal method (shooting) and non-lethal methods of conflict reduction (including enclosures, guarding, and aversion) used for terrestrial large carnivores (e.g., bear, wolf, wolverine, lynx) and marine mammals (seals) are discussed. Control measures tend to be species- and habitat-specific, although shooting is a widely used method. Potential impacts on predator welfare are described and welfare assessments which have been developed for other wildlife control scenarios, e.g., control of introduced species, are considered for their potential use in assessing predator control. Such assessments should be applied before control methods are chosen so that decisions prioritizing animal welfare can be made. Further work needs to be carried out to achieve appropriate and widely-accepted animal welfare assessment approaches and these should be included in predator management planning. Future research should include further sharing of approaches and information between terrestrial and marine specialists to help ensure that animal welfare is prioritized.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Abiotic Controls on Windthrow Disturbance Using a Generalized Additive Model: A Case Study of the Tatra National Park, Slovakia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Vladimír Falťan ◽  
Stanislav Katina ◽  
Jozef Minár ◽  
Norbert Polčák ◽  
Martin Bánovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Soil Skeleton ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Tatra National Park

Windthrows are the most important type of disturbance occurring in the forests of Central Europe. On 19 November 2004, the strong northeastern katabatic winds caused significant damage and land cover change to more than 126 km2 of spruce forests in the Tatra National Park. The risk of subsequent soil erosion and accelerated runoff has increased in the affected habitats. Similar situations may reoccur this century as a consequence of climate change. A geographical approach and detailed research of the damaged area with more comprehensive statistical analyses of 47 independent variables will help us to obtain a deeper insight into the problem of windthrow disturbances. The results are based on a detailed investigation of the damaged stands, soil, and topography. A comprehensive input dataset enabled the evaluation of abiotic controls on windthrow disturbance through the use of a generalized additive model (GAM). The GAM revealed causal linear and nonlinear relationships between the local dependent quantitative variables (the damage index and the uprooting index) and independent variables (various soil and topography properties). Our model explains 69% of the deviance of the total damage. The distribution of the wind force depended upon the topographical position—mainly on the distance from the slope’s foot lines. The soil properties (mainly the soil skeleton, i.e., rock fragments in stony soils) affect the rate and manner of damage (uprooting), especially on sites with less wind force. Stem breakage with no relation to the soil prevailed in places with high force winds. The largest number of uprooted trees was recorded in localities without a soil skeleton. The spruce’s waterlogged shallow root system is significantly prone to uprooting. The comprehensive research found a significant relationship between the abiotic variables and two different measures of forest damage, and can expand the knowledge on wind impact in Central European forests.

Relationships between macroinfaunal invertebrates and physicochemical factors in two sandy beaches of Patagonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Martha (Pitu) Mendez ◽  
Evangelina Schwindt ◽  
Alejandro Bortolus
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Physicochemical Factors

The interest in the knowledge of the ecology of soft-sediment communities is increasing due to the importance that these environments pose to ecologists and environmentalists. However, the ecology of Argentinean sandy beaches is almost unknown, in spite of being relatively common landscapes. In this work we describe and compare the macroinfaunal assemblages in the two largest sandy beaches within the Monte León National Park, the first marine-coastal park of Argentina. Macrobenthic samples were collected and environmental descriptions were performed by quantifying and comparing the organic matter content, grain size distribution and depth of the substratum available for macroinfaunal colonization. Results show that polychaetes and crustaceans are the dominant taxa and that the two beaches differ in the physicochemical characteristics, suggesting that a relation between the benthic fauna and physicochemical factors exists. Although they appeared similar at the landscape scale in preliminary visual surveys, the geomorphological differences between habitats are likely to drive strong differences in the structure of the macroinfaunal assemblages. The monitoring of visible landscape features is likely to undermine the efficiency of protection and managing strategies if not complemented by geomorphological and ecological surveys of less visible ecosystem variables.

Vegetation structure and ungulate abundance over a period of increasing elephant abundance in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Valeix ◽  
Hervé Fritz ◽  
Ségolène Dubois ◽  
Kwanele Kanengoni ◽  
Samuel Alleaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Hwange National Park

This study investigates whether increases in elephant populations may influence the structure of African savannas, and consequently may affect other herbivores through changes in habitats. Two contrasting periods in terms of elephant population densities were compared in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe: the early 1980s and the late 1990s. Elephant population density and other ungulate population densities were estimated for a c. 400-km2 area from road counts. Vegetation structure at the landscape scale was assessed using aerial photographs for the same area. All browsers and grazers declined between the early 1980s and the late 1990s, whereas elephants experienced a 16-fold increase. At the landscape scale, vegetation structure changed little with no evidence of an opening of the habitats. These results do not support any kind of medium-term facilitation between elephants and other herbivores. They rather suggest a negative effect of elephants on other herbivore species when elephants are present at high densities. This study rules out a scenario where the decrease of the different herbivore populations was caused by large changes in vegetation structure due to elephant activity.

The Invasion of Highlands in Galá'pagos by the Red Quinine-tree Cinchona succirubra

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A.W. Macdonald ◽  
Luis Ortiz ◽  
Jonas E. Lawesson ◽  
J. Bosco Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Highland Vegetation ◽  
Intensive Control

The alien tree species Cinchona succirubra, the Red Quinine-tree (Rubiaceae), was introduced to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, in 1946, for purposes of cultivation, but causes much concern as, by 1987, it was found to cover about 4,000 hectares in the highlands of Santa Cruz Island, changing the original, largely endemic, vegetation. Some limited herbicide trials have been made by the Galápagos National Park Service, but a really successful method of controlling this pest still remains to be found.The removal of Cinchona plants from a 1000-ha Intensive Control Area (ICA) within the Galápagos National Park has been successful to date. However, large stands of the tree exist in the adjacent agricultural area of Santa Cruz Island, as well as elsewhere in the National Park. With the maturation of these stands, an increased input of Cinchona succirubra seeds to the ICA can be anticipated.Strengthened use of manual, chemical, and biological, control measures are therefore recommended on a shortterm basis, in order to conserve the unique highland vegetation of Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos.

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