scholarly journals Hind limb myology of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) and greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) (Marsupialia : Peramelemorphia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Warburton ◽  
Auréline Malric ◽  
Maud Yakovleff ◽  
Veronique Leonard ◽  
Charlotte Cailleau
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Tibiofibular Joint

Bandicoots and bilbies (order Peramelemorphia) represent the principal group of omnivorous marsupials from a range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea. Bandicoots and bilbies most commonly use quadrupedal, asymmetrical half-bounding or bounding gaits and present an unusual combination of hind limb morphological features, including an ossified patella, a modified tibiofibular joint, and syndactylous morphology of the pes. We performed comparative dissections of the hind limb of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus fusciventer) (n = 13) and greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) (n = 4), providing detailed descriptions of the muscular anatomy. These species displayed significant modification of the hind limb muscular anatomy and associated connective tissues, including emphasis on multiarticular muscles, such as the hamstrings, and extreme development of fascial structures. These patterns were more extreme in I. obesulus than in M. lagotis. Differences between the hind limb anatomy of I. obesulus and M. lagotis reflect the different ecological and environmental pressures on their locomotion and digging behaviours.

THE GENUS AGALMYLA (GESNERIACEAE-CYRTANDROIDEAE)

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. HILLIARD ◽  
B. L. BURTT
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Separate Section ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Taxonomic Importance

Agalmyla Blume (including Dichrotrichum de Vriese and Tetradema Schltr.) (Gesneriaceae-Cyrtandroideae) is revised. Ninety-seven species are recognized, 62 of them newly described, and these are divided into three sections with distinct geographical ranges. Sect. Agalmyla (24 species) is restricted to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Palawan; sect. Exannularia (19 species) is the only section on Sulawesi and has a few species nearby; sect. Dichrotrichum (54 species) is represented in the Philippine Islands (excluding Palawan) by 13 species, in the Moluccas by two species, and in New Guinea by 39 species. No species is found in more than one of these areas and the key to sect. Dichrotrichum is therefore split between the Philippine species and those on the Moluccas and New Guinea. There are thus four keys altogether. The affinity and geographical distribution, both of the whole genus and of the sections, are discussed, and special attention is given to distribution of species in relation to the geological terranes of New Guinea. Points of interest and taxonomic importance in the morphological features are noted in a separate section.

scholarly journals Maniraptoran pelvic musculature highlights evolutionary patterns in theropod locomotion on the line to birds

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10855
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Rhodes ◽  
Donald M. Henderson ◽  
Philip J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Insight Into

Locomotion is a fundamental aspect of palaeobiology and often investigated by comparing osteological structures and proportions. Previous studies document a stepwise accumulation of avian-like features in theropod dinosaurs that accelerates in the clade Maniraptora. However, the soft tissues that influenced the skeleton offer another perspective on locomotory adaptations. Examination of the pelvis for osteological correlates of hind limb and tail musculature allowed reconstruction of primary locomotory muscles across theropods and their closest extant relatives. Additionally, the areas of pelvic muscle origins were quantified to measure relative differences within and between taxa, to compare morphological features associated with cursoriality, and offer insight into the evolution of locomotor modules. Locomotory inferences based on myology often corroborate those based on osteology, although they occasionally conflict and indicate greater complexity than previously appreciated. Maniraptoran pelvic musculature underscores previous studies noting the multifaceted nature of cursoriality and suggests that a more punctuated step in caudal decoupling occurred at or near the base of Maniraptora.

scholarly journals The anomaly P syndrome in green frogs: the history of discovery, morphological features and possible causes

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
A.O. Svinin ◽  
O.A. Ermakov ◽  
S.N. Litvinchuk ◽  
I.V. Bashinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mandibular Hypoplasia ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Morphological Transformations ◽  
Limb Flexion

The anomaly P in green frogs was firstly found in 1952 in France by French writer and scientist Jean Rostand. Mild form of anomaly P manifestation includes polydactyly, while complex morphological transformations affect the fore and hindlimbs and include combinations of traits: polydactyly, brachymely, hind limb flexion, small additional limbs, bone outgrowths, tumors and edema in the hind limbs. Rostand experimentally showed that this anomaly is not inherited and is caused by some environmental factors. It was recorded only in Western Palearctic green frogs of the genus Pelophylax and was absent in other amphibian species, despite their syntopic occurrence. The severe cases of anomaly P were not found for a long time by researchers and were re-discovered after half a century since its last observation. A new record was made in 2016 in the central part of Russia in the Privolzhskaya Lesostep’ nature reserve. The morphological features of the anomalous frogs in the study area turned out to be similar to those described by Rostand. Symmetric polydactyly, brachymely, hind limb flexion, edema of hind limbs, small additional limbs in thighs, outgrowths, and concomitant anomalies – mandibular hypoplasia, unmoved hind limb, open opercular chamber. The frequency of occurrence of the anomaly in the studied population reached 24.7% (n = 384). Moreover, the “severe forms” of the anomaly P were noted in 4.7% of cases, and the “light” (polydactyly) in 20.0%. Growing tadpoles together with freshwater mollusks allowed us to obtain the anomaly P in the laboratory. It was revealed that the mollusks Planorbarius corneus are the intermediate hosts (vectors) for the “infectious agent” of this anomaly. As the most possible cause of the anomaly, the infection by trematodes species is considered.

Notes on the Papua New Guinea genus Cheronella Miller (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae), with a redescription of its little known type species

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2117 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
PING ZHAO ◽  
JEROME CONSTANT ◽  
WANZHI CAI
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
First Time

The monotypic Papua New Guinea genus Cheronella Miller is reexamined. The diagnostic characters of the genus are modified and its little known type species, Cheronella stuberi Miller, 1955, is redescribed. The characters of male genitalia are reported for the first time. The dorsal habitus, head, male genitalia, and other diagnostic morphological features are illustrated.

scholarly journals Coral micro- and macro-morphological skeletal properties in response to life-long acclimatization at CO2 vents in Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorella Prada ◽  
Leonardo Brizi ◽  
Silvia Franzellitti ◽  
Stefano Mengoli ◽  
Simona Fermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Skeletal Phenotype ◽  
And Control ◽  
Zooxanthellate Corals

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of long-term exposure to OA on skeletal parameters of four tropical zooxanthellate corals naturally living at CO2 seeps and adjacent control sites from two locations (Dobu and Upa Upasina) in the Papua New Guinea underwater volcanic vent system. The seeps are characterized by seawater pH values ranging from 8.0 to about 7.7. The skeletal porosity of Galaxea fascicularis, Acropora millepora, massive Porites, and Pocillopora damicornis was higher (up to ~ 40%, depending on the species) at the seep sites compared to the control sites. Pocillopora damicornis also showed a decrease of micro-density (up to ~ 7%). Thus, further investigations conducted on this species showed an increase of the volume fraction of the larger pores (up to ~ 7%), a decrease of the intraskeletal organic matrix content (up to ~ 15%), and an increase of the intraskeletal water content (up to ~ 59%) at the seep sites. The organic matrix related strain and crystallite size did not vary between seep and control sites. This multi-species study showed a common phenotypic response among different zooxanthellate corals subjected to the same environmental pressures, leading to the development of a more porous skeletal phenotype under OA.

Deep-sea ascidians from Papua New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4276 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOISE MONNIOT ◽  
SUSANNA LÓPEZ-LEGENTIL
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Barcode Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ascidian Species

Four deep-sea ascidian species collected during the KAVIENG 2014 expedition in Papua New Guinea are described, including additional characteristics not reported previously. Fimbrora calsubia is classified within the family Ascidiidae, Dicopia fimbriata and Octacnemus bythius within Octacnemidae, and Culeolus recumbens within Pyuridae. Anatomical observations confirmed previous descriptions for these four species collected elsewhere. Here, we describe additional morphological features for these species and provide the first barcode DNA sequences (based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I) for D. fimbriata and C. recumbens.  

Morphology of gastric mills and mandibles of New Guinean parastacid crayfishes, with comparisons with other Astacidea (Decapoda)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-703
Author(s):  
Tadashi Kawai ◽  
Jiří Patoka
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
The Family

Abstract Knowledge of the morphological features of crayfishes native to New Guinea is limited in many cases, the internal morphology, gastric mills, and mandibles of six species of Cherax species (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) from this island were described and illustrated. The measurements were compared with those of parastacid crayfish from Madagascar and New Zealand, with Enoplometopoidea from coral reefs, and Nephropidea from deep sea. Characters peculiar to the family Parastacidae were found both in gastric mills and mandibles, and differences between the morphology of mandibles in freshwater and marine species from the infraorder Astacidea were found. Relationships between functional morphology and feeding behaviour were discussed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic differences between highlanders and lowlanders in Papua New Guinea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253921
Author(s):  
Mathilde André ◽  
Nicolas Brucato ◽  
Sébastien Plutniak ◽  
Jason Kariwiga ◽  
John Muke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Papua New Guinean

Objectives Altitude is one of the most demanding environmental pressures for human populations. Highlanders from Asia, America and Africa have been shown to exhibit different biological adaptations, but Oceanian populations remain understudied [Woolcock et al., 1972; Cotes et al., 1974; Senn et al., 2010]. We tested the hypothesis that highlanders phenotypically differ from lowlanders in Papua New Guinea, as a result of inhabiting the highest mountains in Oceania for at least 20,000 years. Materials and methods We collected data for 13 different phenotypes related to altitude for 162 Papua New Guineans living at high altitude (Mont Wilhelm, 2,300–2,700 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and low altitude (Daru, <100m a.s.l.). Multilinear regressions were performed to detect differences between highlanders and lowlanders for phenotypic measurements related to body proportions, pulmonary function, and the circulatory system. Results Six phenotypes were significantly different between Papua New Guinean highlanders and lowlanders. Highlanders show shorter height (p-value = 0.001), smaller waist circumference (p-value = 0.002), larger Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (p-value = 0.008), larger maximal (p-value = 3.20e -4) and minimal chest depth (p-value = 2.37e -5) and higher haemoglobin concentration (p-value = 3.36e -4). Discussion Our study reports specific phenotypes in Papua New Guinean highlanders potentially related to altitude adaptation. Similar to other human groups adapted to high altitude, the evolutionary history of Papua New Guineans appears to have also followed an adaptive biological strategy for altitude.

scholarly journals Macrochelid mites (Acari: Gamasida) from Kaimana of West Papua, Indonesia, and endemism of macrochelid mite fauna in New Guinea Island

TREUBIA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Sri Hartini ◽  
Gen Takaku
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
West Papua ◽  
First Time

As a result of our investigation in Lengguru area, Kaimana, West Papua, Indonesia, 6 species belonging to 2 genera of macrochelid mites(Acari: Gamasida: Macrochelidae) were collected from body surface of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae). Of these, one is undescribed species Macrocheles kaimanaensis sp. nov., and Macrocheles hallidayiWalter & Krantz, 1986is new record from Papua and West Papua (Indonesian parts of New Guinea Island).Male and deutonymph of Holostaspella rosichoni Hartini & Takaku, 2006 originally described from Papua were recorded for the first time. The remaining three species were M. amaliae Hartini, 2008, M. dispar (Berlese, 1910) and M. waigeoensis Hartini, 2008, which were previously collected from Raja Ampat, West Papua, and they are new to location in West Papua.       In total, 18 macrochelid species of 3 genera, including the results of the present study, have been recorded from New Guinea Island. Of these 10 species are endemic to New Guinea Island, and some are also distributed in Australia. So, macrochelid mite fauna of the island is clearly different from Indonesian fauna. Besides, macrochelids in the island tend to have characteristic patterns in some morphological features, e.g., 27 or 29 paris of dorsal setae, dinstinct pilose or plumose dorsal setae, and so on. Key words: Indonesia, Kaimana, Macrochelid mite, New Guinea Island, West Papua

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