Status and applications of genomic resources for the gray, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, an American marsupial model for comparative biology

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Samollow
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Bac Contig ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Research Areas

Owing to its small size, favourable reproductive characteristics, and simple husbandry, the gray, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, has become the most widely distributed and intensively utilised laboratory-bred research marsupial in the world today. This article provides an overview of the current state and future projections of genomic resources for this species and discusses the potential impact of this growing resource base on active research areas that use M. domestica as a model system. The resources discussed include: fully arrayed, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries; an expanding linkage map; developing full-genome BAC-contig and chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridisation maps; public websites providing access to the M. domestica whole-genome-shotgun sequence trace database and the whole-genome sequence assembly; and a new project underway to create an expressed-sequence database and microchip expression arrays for functional genomics applications. Major research areas discussed span a variety of genetic, evolutionary, physiologic, reproductive, developmental, and behavioural topics, including: comparative immunogenetics; genomic imprinting; reproductive biology; neurobiology; photobiology and carcinogenesis; genetics of lipoprotein metabolism; developmental and behavioural endocrinology; sexual differentiation and development; embryonic and fetal development; meiotic recombination; genome evolution; molecular evolution and phylogenetics; and more.

scholarly journals Detecting Brachypodium distachyon Chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in MH- and X-Ray-Induced Micronuclei Using mcFISH

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Arita Kus ◽  
Joanna Szymanowska-Pułka ◽  
Jolanta Kwasniewska ◽  
Robert Hasterok
Keyword(s):  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Fragments

Micronuclei are biomarkers of genotoxic effects and chromosomal instability. They are formed when chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes fail to disjoin into daughter nuclei. We present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the involvement of specific chromosome regions of chromosomes Bd4 and Bd5 in the formation of micronuclei of Brachypodium distachyon root tip cells following maleic hydrazide (MH) treatment and X-radiation. This is visualised by cytomolecular approaches using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (mcFISH) in combination with 5S and 25S rDNA probes. The results showed that the long arm of submetacentric chromosome Bd4 forms micronuclei at twice the frequency of its short arm, suggesting that the former is more prone to double-strand breaks (DSBs). In contrast, no difference was observed in the frequency of micronuclei derived from the long and short arms of submetacentric chromosome Bd5. Interestingly, the proximal region of the short arm of Bd5 is more prone to DSBs than its distal part. This demonstrates that 5S rDNA and 35S rDNA loci are not “hot spots” for DNA breaks after the application of these mutagens.

Karyotyping of Brachypodium pinnatum (2n = 18) chromosomes using cross-species BAC–FISH

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Wolny ◽  
Wojciech Fidyk ◽  
Robert Hasterok
Keyword(s):  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Sequential Experiments ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
Bac Fish

Identification of individual chromosomes in a complement is usually a difficult task in the case of most plant species, especially for those with small, numerous, and morphologically uniform chromosomes. In this paper, we demonstrate that the landmarks produced by cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) of Brachypodium distachyon derived bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be used for discrimination of Brachypodium pinnatum (2n = 18) chromosomes. Selected sets of clones were hybridised in several sequential experiments performed on exactly the same chromosome spreads, using reprobing of cytological preparations. Analysis of the morphometric features of B. pinnatum chromosomes was performed to establish their total length, the position of centromeres, and the position of BAC-based landmarks in relation to the centromere, thereby enabling their effective karyotyping, which is a prerequisite for more complex study of the grass genome structure and evolution at the cytomolecular level.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Human Chromosome 13 Synteny: Evolutionary Rearrangements, Plasticity, Human Disease Genes and Cancer Breakpoints

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Scardino ◽  
Vanessa Milioto ◽  
Anastasia A. Proskuryakova ◽  
Natalia A. Serdyukova ◽  
Polina L. Perelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosome ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Eutherian Mammal ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Saguinus Oedipus ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
High Level

The history of each human chromosome can be studied through comparative cytogenetic approaches in mammals which permit the identification of human chromosomal homologies and rearrangements between species. Comparative banding, chromosome painting, Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) mapping and genome data permit researchers to formulate hypotheses about ancestral chromosome forms. Human chromosome 13 has been previously shown to be conserved as a single syntenic element in the Ancestral Primate Karyotype; in this context, in order to study and verify the conservation of primate chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 13, we mapped a selected set of BAC probes in three platyrrhine species, characterised by a high level of rearrangements, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Our mapping data on Saguinus oedipus, Callithrix argentata and Alouatta belzebul provide insight into synteny of human chromosome 13 evolution in a comparative perspective among primate species, showing rearrangements across taxa. Furthermore, in a wider perspective, we have revised previous cytogenomic literature data on chromosome 13 evolution in eutherian mammals, showing a complex origin of the eutherian mammal ancestral karyotype which has still not been completely clarified. Moreover, we analysed biomedical aspects (the OMIM and Mitelman databases) regarding human chromosome 13, showing that this autosome is characterised by a certain level of plasticity that has been implicated in many human cancers and diseases.

Whole-Genome Sequence Characterization of Primary Auxin-Responsive Aux/IAA Gene Family in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-694
Author(s):  
Yi-Jun WANG ◽  
Yan-Ping LÜ ◽  
Qin XIE ◽  
De-Xiang DENG ◽  
Yun-Long BIAN
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
I Gene

Whole-Genome Sequence Isolation, Chromosome Location, and Characteriza-tion of Primary Auxin-ResponsiveAux/IAAGene Family inAegilops tauschii

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Lin-Yi QIAO ◽  
Xin LI ◽  
Zhi-Jian CHANG ◽  
Xiao-Jun ZHANG ◽  
Hai-Xian ZHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chromosome Location

Candida auris and Nosocomial Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweety Dahiya ◽  
Anil K. Chhillar ◽  
Namita Sharma ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Aruna Punia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The existence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic fungus, Candida auris came to light in 2009. This particular organism is capable of causing nosocomial infections in immunecompromised persons. This pathogen is associated with consistent candidemia with high mortality rate and presents a serious global health threat. Whole genome sequence (WGS) investigation detected powerful phylogeographic Candida auris genotypes which are specialized to particular geological areas indicating dissemination of particular genotype among provinces. Furthermore, this organism frequently exhibits multidrug-resistance and displays an unusual sensitivity profile. Identification techniques that are commercialized to test Candida auris often show inconsistent results and this misidentification leads to treatment failure which complicates the management of candidiasis. Till date, Candida auris has been progressively recorded from several countries and therefore its preventive control measures are paramount to interrupt its transmission. In this review, we discussed prevalence, biology, drug-resistance phenomena, virulence factors and management of Candida auris infections.

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