Evolution in the suite of semiochemicals secreted by the sternal gland of Australian marsupials

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zabaras ◽  
B. J. Richardson ◽  
S. G. Wyllie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sternal Gland ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Long Chain

The nature and distribution of the components, and evolution of the suite of compounds, secreted by the sternal gland of marsupials were studied. Individuals from nine families (18 species) of marsupials and from the echidna were sampled over an 18-month period. The assay system used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and utilised thermal desorption with cryofocusing. Parsimony analysis, constrained by an assumed phylogeny, was used to examine the evolution of the suite of compounds detected. Large interspecies variation in secretion composition was observed with acetic acid, short-chain (C6–C10) aldehydes, long-chain (>C15) hydrocarbons and 1,1-bis-(p-tolyl)-ethane being constituents of the secretion of most species. The suite of compounds, however, varied from three compounds in the yellow-bellied and feathertail gliders to 41 in the koala. The most complex suites of compounds were found in the brown antechinus, red kangaroo, tammar wallaby and koala. Radical differences were observed between the secretions of related species (for example, brown antechinus and mulgara, tammar and parma wallabies, wombat and koala). Compounds appeared and disappeared repeatedly across the phylogeny. No compound constituted a synapomorphy for the Australian marsupials and only one compound was considered a synapomorphy for the Diprotodontia.

scholarly journals Evaluating Phthalate Contaminant Migration Using Thermal Desorption–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (TD–GC–MS)

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Ouchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Yanagisawa ◽  
Shigehiko Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Approximation Model ◽  
Contaminant Migration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

This study describes a methodology for evaluating regulatory levels of phthalate contamination. By collecting experimental data on short-term phthalate migration using thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–GC–MS), the migration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to polyethylene (PE) was found to be expressed by the Fickian approximation model, which was originally proposed for solid (PVC)/liquid (solvent) migration of phthalates. Consequently, good data correlation was obtained using the Fickian approximation model with a diffusion coefficient of 4.2 × 10−12 cm2/s for solid (PVC)/ solid (PE) migration of DEHP at 25 °C. Results showed that temporary contact with plasticized polymers under a normal, foreseeable condition may not pose an immediate risk of being contaminated by phthalates at regulatory levels. However, as phthalates are small organic molecules designed to be dispersed in a variety of polymers as plasticizers at a high compounding ratio, the risk of migration-related contamination can be high in comparison with other additives, especially under high temperatures. With these considerations in mind, the methodology for examining regulatory levels of phthalate contamination using TD–GC–MS has been successfully demonstrated from the viewpoint of its applicability to solid (PVC)/solid (PE) migration of phthalates.

scholarly journals GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT, SARCOSTEMMA VIMINALE (L.) R.BR. FROM THAR DESERT, RAJASTHAN (INDIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arora Sunita ◽  
Meena Sonam ◽  
Kumar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
World Population ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

  Objective: Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. is one of the important endangered medicinal plants belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the possible bioactive phytochemicals from stem of S. viminale (L.) R. Br. using methanol, chloroform, and hexane as solvents.Methods: Plant material was collected from typical conditions of Indian Thar Desert in the month of July-September, 2016. This plant always grows in association with the congeneric plant, Euphorbia caducifolia. The phytochemical compounds were investigated using Perkin-Elmer gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology library.Results: Maximum % area is found for Lup-20-(29)-en-3-yl acetate is present maximum amount (40.85%) with reaction time (RT)=43.787 minutes, followed by 4, 4, 6A, 6B, 8A, 11, 11, 14B-octamethyl-1, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 14B-octadecahydro-2H-picen-3- one$$olean-12-en-3-one# (13.74%) with RT=44.420 minutes in the methanolic extract; acetic acid 4, 4, 6A, 8A, 11, 12, 14B-octamethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 14B-eicosahydro-picen-3-yl ester $$ urs-12-en-3-yl acetate is present maximum amount (44.98%) with RT=48.265 minutes, followed by. beta.-amyrin (18.51%) with RT=40.580 minutes in the chloroform extract; acetic acid 4, 4, 6A, 8A, 11, 12, 14B-octamethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 14B-eicosahydro-picen-3-yl ester $$ urs-12-en-3-yl acetate is present maximum amount (45.47%) with RT=48.514 minutes, followed by. beta.-amyrin (19.21%) with RT=40.555 minutes in the hexane extract of stem of S. viminale (L.) R. Br.Conclusion: Medicinal plants contain one or more substances that can be used for therapeutic purpose; they are used by the world population for their basic health needs. The importance of the study is to investigate the pinpoint biological activity of some of these compounds so that they can be used by pharma or some other drug designing industry to find a novel drug.

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