Breeding biology and demography of the southern emu-wren (Stipiturus malachurus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grainne S. Maguire ◽  
Raoul A. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
First Time

The breeding biology and demography of the southern emu-wren (Stipiturus malachurus) were studied over three breeding seasons (2000–02) in the south-west of Victoria, Australia. The nesting biology of the species was typical of the family Maluridae: clutch size ranged from two to three eggs, the incubation period averaged 19 days, and nestlings fledged, on average, 14.2 days after hatching. In total, 6% of nests successfully hatched and 67% of broods produced fledglings, with a mean of 1.8 young fledged per clutch. Nest failure was mainly due to predation, mostly by snakes. Cooperative breeding was observed for the first time in this species, with male offspring delaying breeding to help raise younger siblings. Juveniles were capable of breeding in their first year and dispersed as far as 1.2 km away. Males provided a high level of investment in offspring and this, together with an absence of extra-pair courtship displays, differentiates the emu-wrens from their highly promiscuous relatives, the fairy-wrens. Mortality of individuals was high and the mean duration of pair bonds was short (5.63 ± 0.62 months, n = 62). Population numbers fell dramatically in September 2001, when almost half the adult population disappeared, which suggests that this population could be vulnerable to local extinction.

Breeding Ecology of the Western Long-billed Corella, Cacatua pastinator pastinator

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wing Growth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Older Siblings

The breeding ecology of a small population of the western long-billed corella, Cacatua p. pastinator, was investigated for 6 years in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia. Pair-bonds tended to be long-lasting; however, the divorce rate for birds breeding for the first time was 25% with an overall rate of 15%. Females formed stable pair-bonds by age 2, and bred for the first time between 3 and 5 years old; males started breeding when 5 years old. Clutches (range from one to four, mode three) were started in early August; 78% are started in the last 3 weeks of the month. Mean clutch size, brood size and number fledged were 2.7 , 1.9 and 1.6 respectively; there were no significant differences in these parameters among the six years of the study. Hatching was asynchronous and was followed by the death of the young nestlings when they were significantly smaller (77%) than their older siblings. Nestlings fledged when they were about 60 days old; neither their mass or degree of wing growth influenced fledging age. Mean mass of fledglings from broods of three was significantly greater than that of broods of two or one. Productivity was assessed by the numbers of young fledging, surviving the post-fledging period, and reaching independence. Neither mass nor condition at fledging influenced any of these measures; productivity in all three increased with clutch size. Rainfall and temperature had no influence on the numbers fledged, but the number reaching independence was significantly and positively correlated with the mean maximum summer temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the results from studies of other species of cockatoos living in the wheatbelt of Western Australia.

scholarly journals Species of the Family Eimeriidae (Coccidia, Apicomplexa) Parasitic in Cattle at Dairy Farms in Kyiv and Zhytomyr Regions of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
R. O. Slobodian ◽  
Yu. V. Kychyliuk ◽  
N. M. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
First Time

Abstract The results of identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts based on fecal examination of cattle of the first year of life from 7 farms of Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions of Ukraine are presented in article. Nine species of Eimeria, namely, Eimeria zuernii (Rivolta, 1878) Martin, 1909; E. bovis (Zublin, 1908) Fiebiger, 1912; E. ellipsoidalis Becker and Frye, 1929; E. bukidnonensis Tubangui, 1931; E. cylindrica Wilson, 1931; E. canadensis Bruce, 1921; E. auburnensis Christensen and Porter, 1939; E. brasiliensis Torres and Ramos, 1939; E. wyomingensis Huizinga and Winger, 1942 were identified. Species of E. canadensis, E. auburnensis, E. brasiliensis and E. wyomingensis were found in calves for the first time in Ukraine.

XII.—The Reproduction and Fecundity of the Powan, Coregonus clupeoides Lacépède, in Loch Lomond, Scotland

1969 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Loch Lomond ◽  
The Family ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heavy Mortality

SynopsisAdult powan, Coregonus clupeoides Lacépède, in Loch Lomond show regular diurnal and seasonal migrations, connected normally with either feeding or reproduction. As the breeding season approaches, most of the adult population gather in deep water (usually in the vicinity of the areas of wave-washed gravel and small stones in shallow water, which form the main spawning grounds). The male fish start to move on to these grounds nightly towards the end of December each year; at the end of this month, but mainly during January, the females ripen and join them for spawning. This is completed by the beginning of February and the population then gradually disperses over the rest of the loch. The present fecundity estimates, carried out for female powan during two seasons, are in general agreement with those found for Coregonus elsewhere in the Palearctic region. They give an average of 5750 eggs per adult fish, the mean fork length of which was just over 27 cm. Though there is a positive correlation between the numbers of eggs produced and the size of the females, it is not a strong one. After being laid, the eggs immediately undergo a heavy mortality and are eaten in considerable numbers by trout, Salmo trutta L., powan, roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) Phryganea larvae, and various other animals. The adult powan too are preyed upon extensively at this time in certain parts of Loch Lomond by pike, Esox luciusL. The reproductive ecology of the powan shows several basic similarities to that of other Salmonidae in the British Isles, the main features fitting well with what has been postulated about the origin and distribution of the family in this country.

scholarly journals High Level of Song Sharing in an Eastern Population of Song Sparrow (Melospiza Melodia)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Foote ◽  
Colleen A. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Song Learning ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Song Sparrow ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Song Sharing ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Song Types

Abstract Using shared songs is believed to be an integral part of neighbor communication and territory establishment strategies among many avian species with repertoires. Previous studies of two western subspecies of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) reported a high level of song sharing among neighboring males, whereas studies of an eastern subspecies have reported a very low level. The purpose of our study was to investigate another population of the eastern subspecies to determine whether higher song-sharing levels existed within its range. Every song in the repertoire of 29 males was compared with the songs of all other males to assess the number of shared songs. For each male, we calculated the mean song-sharing level with neighbors and non-neighbors. Males shared, on average, 33% of their repertoire with neighbors, significantly more than they shared with non-neighbors (27% of their repertoire). Two first-year males learned whole song types from several individuals and preferentially learned the song types shared among those individuals. Our results suggest that the eastern and western subspecies may not differ genetically in the way they learn songs, because song-sharing levels and song learning in our population were more similar to those of the western subspecies than to those of other populations within its own subspecies. Song-sharing differences among eastern populations may be explained instead by factors acting at the level of individual populations. Niveau Élevé de Chants Partagés chez une Population de l'Est de Melospiza melodia

scholarly journals Epidemiology of mumps in the Netherlands

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. T. Wagenvoort ◽  
M. Harmsen ◽  
Barry J. Khader Boutahar-Trouw ◽  
C. A. Kraaijeveld ◽  
K. C. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Index Cases

SUMMARYIn a Dutch population group neutralizing antibodies against mumps virus were determined by a plaque reduction technique, which proved reproducible, sensitive and specific. The results with sera of about 800 suburban children show that mumps is acquired at an early age with peak acquisition rates between the ages of four and six years. Over 90% have acquired mumps before the age of 14 years. More than 95% of about 1000 adults (18–05 years) have neutralizing antibodies. The relatively constant median titre suggests that antibodies persist during life.During a family study 77 clinical and 18 subclinical cases were observed. In families with index cases the attack rate was 26/37 = 0·71. Eleven children (excluding six babies) esćaped infection. The mean attack rate during the epidemic was 0·30. The mean titre of mumps neutralizing antibody is maximal during the first year after the disease but declines during childhood. Mothers exposed to mumps in the family occasionally showed a significant rise in titre. Some seronegative mothers remained seronegative after exposure.

scholarly journals Modern trends of behavioral risks of studenting youth

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Parental Awareness ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
High Level

The formation of individual health is the result of a complex convergence of biological, behavioral, social, economic and environmental factors. According to WHO, the causes of 70 % of deaths in the adult population are associated with behavioral factors were formed in adolescence. Questioning of 1006 children of senior school age from different regions of Ukraine showed a high level of prevalence of bad habits among adolescents there in particular smoking and drinking alcohol. Microsocial conditions, such as the organization of training, the nature of relationships in the family and with peers lead to the formation of a certain model of behavior in adolescence. The leading factors of the learning environment, most associated with addiction to bad habits, were low success and motivation to study, problems in relationships with teachers. The most significant аmong family factors were the social structure of families, the presence of bad habits among parents, the lack of trusting relationships with children and the low level of parental awareness of the problems and needs of children, unorganized free time and lack of control by parents on its implementation. An assessment of basic needs satisfaction showed that girls are less satisfied with themselves (49.6% girls, 63.1 % boys, p <0.01) and their state of health (58.6 % girls, 71.6 % boys, p <0,01). The most adequate point of application of efforts in implementing programs to preserve and promote the health of students is the school. There it is possible to successfully combine the efforts of teachers, medical workers, psychologists and parents in matters of creating a conscious attitude of youth to their own health.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Buried Narratives: Exhuming the Mother's Story in Oliver Twist

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Consideration

Initially, Oliver Twist (1839) might seem representative of the archetypal male social plot, following an orphan and finding him a place by discovering the father and settling the boy within his inheritance. But Agnes Fleming haunts this narrative, undoing its neat, linear transmission. This reconsideration of maternal inheritance and plot in the novel occurs against the backdrop of legal and social change. I extend the critical consideration of the novel's relationship to the New Poor Law by thinking about its reflection on the bastardy clauses. And here, of course, is where the mother enters. Under the bastardy clauses, the responsibility for economic maintenance of bastard children was, for the first time, legally assigned to the mother, relieving the father of any and all obligation. Oliver Twist manages to critique the bastardy clauses for their release of the father, while simultaneously embracing the placement of the mother at the head of the family line. Both Oliver and the novel thus suggest that it is the mother's story that matters, her name through which we find our own. And by containing both plots – that of the father and the mother – Oliver Twist reveals the violence implicit in traditional modes of inheritance in the novel and under the law.

Implementation of the Second-year course in an Engineering Professional Spine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Deena Salem ◽  
David Strong
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research University ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this paper is to document the experience of developing and implementing a second-year course in an engineering professional spine that was developed in a first-tier research university and relies on project-based core courses. The main objective of this spine is to develop the students’ cognitive and employability skills that will allow them to stand out from the crowd of other engineering graduates.The spine was developed and delivered for the first time in the academic year 2010-2011 for first-year general engineering students. In the year 2011-2012, those students joined different programs, and accordingly the second-year course was tailored to align with the different programs’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the course in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document