Comparisons of indices of molar progression and dental function of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) with tammar (Macropus eugenii) and parma (Macropus parma) wallabies

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Lentle ◽  
I. D. Hume ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
M. Kennedy ◽  
S. Haslett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

We measured parameters of molar progression and dental function in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale pencilliata) (a browser/grazer) and compared them with data from the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) (a grazer) and the parma wallaby (Macropus parma) (a grazer/browser).Although the mean value of the molar index (MI) was higher in rock-wallabies than in parma and tammar wallabies the mean rate of increase of log(MI) with log(body mass) was similar in the three species. Reported differences between these species in their rates of molar progression with age may therefore result from differences in their rates of bodily growth. The findings indicate that molar progression in the rock-wallaby is governed by the growth of the bones of the viscerocranium (mesial shift), rather than by diet-induced movement of the teeth within the bones of the viscerocranium (mesial drift), and was not influenced by the persistence of P4 premolars. It is therefore unlikely that differences in the rate of molar progression are directly linked to differences in diet.The relationship between functional dental parameters and body mass differed between brush-tailed rock-wallabies and tammar wallabies, species of differing dietary habit, but did not differ between brush-tailed rock-wallabies and parma wallabies, species of more similar dietary habit. Thus the total length of upper transverse lophine ridges and the interlophine distances of the M1 to M3 upper molars of brush-tailed rock-wallabies were not different from those of parma wallabies but were significantly greater than those of tammar wallabies. These differences can be interpreted in terms of greater emphasis on crushing/grinding of browse in the rock-wallabies and parma wallabies.

scholarly journals Features of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients suffering from arterial hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
V. I. Tseluyko ◽  
L. M. Yakovleva ◽  
D. A. Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
The Mean

The aim – to study the features of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients suffering from arterial hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism and to determine clinical and past medical history and laboratory factors associated with their development. Materials and methods. 50 patients suffering from hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism were enrolled into the study. Depending on the level of thyroid stimulating hormone in the serum the examined patients were distributed into two groups of 25 patients with the compensated and 25 with decompensated course of hypothyroidism. The control group consisted of 30 patients with hypertension in which the pathology of the thyroid gland was excluded. The comparison of the main parameters of the echocardiography study of the myocardium has been performed depending on hypothyroidism compensation. Assessment of parameters of transmitral diastolic blood flow has been performed. A regression analysis has been conducted to detect the relation of clinical and past medical history factors and echocardiographic parameters with the development of diastolic dysfunction by E/A ratio. The values of central hemodynamics have been studied for evaluation of the contractile function of the myocardium. Results and discussion. According to the results of the echocardiography of both examined groups it has been found that the final systolic and stroke volume exceeded the parameters of the control group. The mean value of the left ventricle ejection fraction was statistically significantly lower than in the control group (p=0.004). The left ventricle myocardial mass in patients with hypothyroidism was statistically significantly greater than in the control group. It was proved that in patients, who were diagnosed with decompensated hypothyroidism, the mean value of the left atrium size to growth by the degree of 2.7 was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.01), whereas the average value of the ratio of the size of the left atrium to the surface area of the body had no statistically significant differences between the groups. It has been found that in both groups the proportion of patients with diastolic dysfunction in which the E/A ratio was less than 1.0 was higher than in the control group (р=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). The independent factors of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients with hypertension in the presence of hypothyroidism have been found. Conclusions. In the presence of decompensated hypothyroidism in patients with arterial hypertension, both with obesity and with normal body mass index, left ventricular mass indexes were significantly higher in comparison with a control group. Regardless of the compensation of the thyroid state in patients with arterial hypertension, the ejection fraction was significantly lower. According to regression analysis, independent factors for the development of diastolic dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 is the index of mass of the left ventricular myocardium, determined by the degree of 2.7, the level of total cholesterol to statistical significance – the level of office systolic blood pressure and the duration of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism; with body mass index < 30 kg/m2 – age and left atrial index, determined by body surface area. For patients with arterial hypertension and reduced thyroid gland function, violation of the left ventricular myocardial relaxation is typical as evidenced by a higher proportion of patients with a decrease in E/A to less than 0.8 in these patients.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
IRENGBAM SUSUPRIYA DEVI ◽  
GLADYS RAI ◽  
V. P. S PUNIA ◽  
MANOJ KUMAR NANDKEOLIAR
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study aimed to find the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and microalbuminuria (MA) in essential hypertensive adults. Methods: This study included 35 essential hypertensive patients in the 18–65 years of age group, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Arterial blood pressure was measured by a sphygmomanometer and the first voided early morning urine sample was collected for the estimation of microalbumin. Results: The mean age of the population studied was 49±11.08 in essential hypertensive patients and 46.89±11.10 in the control group. The mean value of BMI in the hypertensive group was found to be 27.59±5.45. In the present study, the mean value of microalbumin in essential hypertensive patients was 20.95±16.96. A significant positive correlation between BMI and MA was observed in the study with p<0.001. Conclusion: Our study shows a positive correlation between BMI and MA. Therefore, this study will help in the early detection of renal injury and prevents its progression to renal failure by lifestyle and diet modifications.

PROLACTIN RECEPTORS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND, CORPUS LUTEUM AND OTHER TISSUES OF THE TAMMAR WALLABY, MACROPUS EUGENII

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SERNIA ◽  
C. H. TYNDALE-BISCOE
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

SUMMARY Specific binding of radio-iodinated ovine prolactin to subcellular tissue fractions of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) was investigated. Specific binding was found, in order of decreasing binding activity, in the lactating mammary gland, corpus luteum, corpus albicans, adrenal gland and ovary. Specific binding was absent in kidney, liver, brain and inactive mammary gland. The mean association constant (Ka at 23 °C) was determined as 0·90 × 109, 2·20 × 109, 2·44 × 109, 3·38 × 109 and 10·98 × 1091/mol for mammary gland, adrenal, corpus albicans, corpus luteum and ovary respectively. The mean receptor concentration (N) varied from 92·87 × 10−14 mol/mg protein for the mammary gland to 1·03 × 10−14 mol/mg protein for the ovary. The concentration in the corpus luteum varied between tissue pools collected at different times of the annual breeding cycle. The specificity for prolactin was shown in the mammary gland and corpus luteum by the failure of ovine FSH, LH, GH and TSH to displace 125I-labelled ovine prolactin, whereas it was displaced readily by both ovine and bovine prolactin.

scholarly journals Association Between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Among Medical Students of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Birgunj

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539
Author(s):  
Esha Shrestha ◽  
Shreesh Shrestha ◽  
Prashanna Shrestha ◽  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Body mass index is an important parameter associated with a variety of disease processes. The risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases increases with an increase in body mass index. The study was conducted to compare the relationship between body mass index and blood pressure. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and correlate the Obesity and Hypertension in    medical students  Methodology: The study was conducted in 200 students (113 males and 87 females). Height, weight and blood pressure were recorded from all participants and body mass index was calculated. The recorded body mass index was utilized to divide the student into underweight, normal, over weight and obese category according to the World Health organization body mass index classification. Hypertension was determined from the measure of blood pressure. Then comparison of blood pressure with body mass index was made. Results: Among 200 students 6% were obese, 22% were overweight, 65% were normal and 7% underweight. The mean height was 163cm and mean weight 60.48kg. The mean value of systolic blood pressure (105.85, 115.45, 134.95, 137.16 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (70.14, 76.15, 90.72, 93.33 mmHg) increased with increasing body mass index. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity increases the risk of hypertension among students.

scholarly journals Fecundity and gonadosomatic index of Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) from the Payra River, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Animesh Roy ◽  
Md. Shakhawate Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Lutfar Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Abdus Salam ◽  
Mir Mohammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Breeding Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris

Glossogobius giuris were collected during March to September 2013 from the Payra river to estimate the length-weight relationship with relative condition factor (Kn), fecundity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and relation between fecundity and other parameters. The length-weight relationship was found to be Log W= 2.667 Log TL – 1.805 in male and Log W = 2.931 Log TL – 2.040 in female. The mean Kn were found to be 1.02±0.155 for male and 0.97±0.276 for female which indicates satisfactory condition of the fish population. The mean relative fecundity was ranged from 88495 to 264104 with a mean value of 171581±17855, having a average total length of 21.21±0.44 cm, body weight 70.22±4.62 g and gonad weight 2.74±0.31 g. The relationships among the fecundity, the total length, body weight, gonad weight were found to be linear and positively correlated. The mean GSI value was 3.42±0.33 and the highest GSI value was recorded 9.34±0.71 in the month of September. This study will help to introduce this species in sustainable aquaculture through proper management and for the development of induced breeding technique.

scholarly journals Age relative height, weight and body mass index percentiles of children in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Ovayoza O. Mosugu ◽  
Francis Shinku ◽  
Jacob C. Nyam ◽  
Emmanuel S. Mador
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
North Central ◽  
The Mean

Background: Interpretation of body mass index in children is quite different from that in adults which use standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages and for both men and women. Aims and Objective: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of childhood obesity in Jos. Materials and Methods: A total of 371 children were enrolled in the study. Weight was taken with only light clothing and without foot wears. Height obtained without head-gears or shoes and the measuring flat tops pressed down to avoid errors due to tall hair. Body mass index were calculated for each subject as ratio of body weight to body height. All data were analyzed statistically and separately for different ages and the mean values for height against age, weight against age, height against weight and BMI for age was obtained with centiles of absolute deviations from the mean. Results: The age of the studied population ranged from 3 – 14 years with mean of 8.4 ± 2.8. Height of the children on the other hand ranged from 0.9 – 1.64 meters with mean value of 1.26 ± 0.15 and their weight ranged from 10 – 76 kg with mean value of 25.6 ± 9.2. Out of the 371 children studied, 14 (3.8%) were found to be underweight, 302 (81.4%) had healthy weight while 41 (11%) were at risk of overweight and 14 (3.8%) were overweight. In addition, the body mass index of girls was found to be significantly higher than those of boys at 12 and 13 years only. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of childhood obesity is high in Jos, North-central Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effect of Group Size on Field Metabolic Rate of Arabian Babblers Provisioning Nestlings

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Anava ◽  
Michael Kam ◽  
Amiram Shkolnik ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Adult Body Mass ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Male

Abstract Arabian Babblers (Turdoides squamiceps; adult body mass 65–75 g) are territorial, cooperatively breeding passerines that inhabit hot, dry deserts. Groups include breeding adults and helpers and generally consist of 3 to 5 individuals (range 2 to 22). All group members provision nestlings at similar rates, and individual visitation rates decline with increasing group size. Consequently, we predicted that the field metabolic rate (FMR) of individuals provisioning nestlings would decrease with increasing group size. To test this prediction, we determined FMR of primary female, primary male, female helper and male helper babblers in different sized groups provisioning nestlings. Field metabolic rate of primary females, but not other classes, decreased linearly with group size. This energy savings could allow primary females in larger groups to start a new nest more quickly. FMR for all babblers was 61% to 66% of the value predicted for a passerine of its body mass provisioning nestlings and was 3.11 × BMR, similar to the mean value of 3.13 × BMR reported for a number of terrestrial species.

scholarly journals Statistical study on bodyweight and body fat among students from the Physical Education and Sport Faculty in Iaşi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Marius Neculăeş ◽  
Paul Lucaci
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This papers aims at identifying the mean body mass index and body fat percentage among students from Physical Education and Sport Faculty in Iaşi. The study was conducted on a series of 297 students majoring in Physical Education and Sports, but also in Kinetotherapy and Special Motricity (bachelor studies and master studies). By determining the body mass index mean and body fat mean for students within five specialties, we managed to classify them into categories. The assessment of body mass index was conducted using the standard formula BMI= weight in kilograms/height in meters2 and that of body fat using the Fat Track II body fat calliper. Research findings highlighted that the body mass index mean values for each academic year range within normal parameters. As for body fat, the mean value of all academic years ranges in the “very good” and “good” categories. Whereas most mean values range within normal limits, it must not be neglected that overweight or underweight cases were also pinpointed, which should be a warning sign for the future specialists in the field of Physical Education and Sports.

Temporal aspects of feeding events in tammar (Macropus eugenii) and parma (Macropus parma) wallabies. I. Food acquisition and oral processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Lentle ◽  
I. D. Hume ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
M. Kennedy ◽  
B. P. Springett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Free Ranging

We studied parameters that influence the efficiency of food acquisition and oral processing in the tammar wallaby (a grazer) and the parma wallaby (a grazer/browser), both in captivity and under free range on Kawau Island, New Zealand.In captivity, both species spent less time feeding per gram of dry matter intake when browsing than when grazing, and there were no significant differences between the species with respect to the rates of feeding per gram of dry matter intake of a given food. However, under free-ranging conditions, tammar wallabies spent longer feeding than did parma wallabies, so it was likely that tammar wallabies spent more time grazing than browsing. Differences in the relationships between feeding event and inter-feed interval duration in captive and free-ranging wallabies indicated that feeding behaviour was influenced by different factors in the two situations.Microtemporal analysis of the chewing sounds of free-ranging tammar and parma wallabies showed that the interval between the first and second sounds in a 'run' of chewing sounds was longer than that between subsequent intervals, indicating that there was a time cost associated with food aquisition. However, as there were no significant differences between the two wallaby species, either in the mean duration of 'runs' of chewing sounds within feeding events or in the mean duration of whole feeding events, this cost was similar for grazing and browsing. Chewing characteristics differed from those of larger (eutherian) herbivores in that the numbers of chews in a run were not randomly distributed, both species having a preponderance of runs with seven chews. Whilst, the intervals between the second and subsequent chewing sounds in a run did not vary in a periodic manner, such as would occur in batch processing of food, they were more prolonged in runs with more chewing sounds and were significantly longer in tammar wallabies than in parma wallabies. Thus, the slower rate of oral processing of grass was likely due to a generally slower rate of chewing when grazing than when browsing.

Moments of Inertia of Bat Wings and Body

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKAEL THOLLESSON ◽  
ULLA M. NORBERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Moments Of Inertia ◽  
Wing Span ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Roll Axis ◽  
The Moment

The moments of inertia of the wings about the shoulder joint and about the roll axis were estimated in eight species of bats, using strip analysis. The moment of inertia of the bat's trunk about the roll axis was estimated by assuming the body and head to be ellipsoids. The slopes of the regressions of moment of inertia of one wing about the shoulder joint (Jw) versus body mass (mtot), wing span (b) and wing area (S) were as expected for geometrically similar animals of different size. The exponent for Jwversus body mass in bats deviates from that found for birds, while the exponent for Jw versus wing span does not. A multiple regression was used to show that Jw may be estimated by: J w = 4.49 × 10−3mtot0.53b2.15S0.65. The mean value of the moment of inertia originating from the trunk is 7 % of the bat's total moment of inertia (of wings and body combined) about the roll axis. The mass of one wing (mw) was plotted against body mass for the eight bat species, which gives: m w = 0.112mtot1 11. The slope for our bats, 1.11, is similar to that obtained for birds, 1.10. Adaptations to reduce the moments of inertia may be more important for increasing a bat's flight agility (roll acceleration) than for decreasing the total mechanical power required to fly. The influences of wing moment of inertia and wing shape on manoeuvrability and agility are discussed.

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