Incubation of eggs of the Australian broad-shelled turtle, Chelodina expansa (Testudinata : Chelidae), at different temperatures: effects on pattern of oxygen consumption and hatchling morphology

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Incubation temperature influences embryonic development and the morphology of resultant hatchlings in many species of turtle but few studies have addressed its effect on oxygen consumption and total embryonic energy expenditure. Eggs of the Australian broad-shelled river turtle, Chelodina expansa, were incubated at constant temperatures of 24˚C and 28˚C to determine the effect of temperature on oxygen consumption, embryonic energy expenditure and hatchling morphology. All embryos at both incubation temperatures experienced a period of developmental diapause immediately after oviposition. Once this initial diapause was broken, embryos underwent a further period of developmental arrest when the embryo was still very small and had minimal oxygen consumption (<20 µL h–1). However, once rapid embryonic growth started, development appeared to be continuous. Rate of increase and peak rate of oxygen consumption were temperature dependent, both being highest at 28˚C. Net production efficiency (total oxygen consumed during incubation divided by yolk-free hatchling mass) was 120 mL O2 g–1 at 24˚C and 111 mL O2g–1 at 28˚C. Hatchling mass and yolk-free hatchling mass were independent of incubation temperature, but hatchlings from 28˚C had larger residual yolks and smaller head widths than hatchlings from 24˚C.

scholarly journals Morphological Abnormalities and Gene Expression Changes Caused by High Incubation Temperatures in Zebrafish Xenografts with Human Cancer Cells

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Pablo Cabezas-Sainz ◽  
Carlos Coppel ◽  
Alba Pensado-López ◽  
Pedro Fernandez ◽  
Laura Muinelo-Romay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Morphological Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Published studies show that most of the human cancer xenograft studies in zebrafish embryos have used incubation temperatures in the range of 32–34 °C for 3–6 days post-injection, trying to find a compromise temperature between the zebrafish embryos (28 °C) and the human injected cells (37 °C). While this experimental setup is widely used, a question remains: is possible to overcome the drawbacks caused by a suboptimal temperature for the injected cells? To clarify the effect of temperature and injected cells on the host, in this study, we analyzed the development and health of the last in response to different temperatures in the presence or absence of injected human cancer cells. Comparing different incubation temperatures (28, 34 and 36 °C), we determined morphological abnormalities and developmental effects in injected and non-injected embryos at different time points. Besides this, the expression of selected genes was determined by qPCR to determine temperature affected metabolic processes in the embryos. The results indicate that an incubation temperature of 36 °C during a period of 48 h is suitable for xenotransplantation without morphological or metabolic changes that could be affecting the host or the injected cells, allowing them to proliferate near their optimal temperature.

scholarly journals Effects of constant incubation regimes on eggs and hatchlings of the egg-laying skink, Oligosoma suteri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Maree Hare
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

<p>The conditions under which reptilian eggs are incubated affect survival probability and physiological attributes of the progeny. The egg-laying skink, Oligosoma suteri, is the only endemic oviparous lizard in New Zealand. No controlled laboratory incubation had previously been undertaken, and thus no information was available on the requirements for successful captive incubation. I studied the effects of incubation regime on the eggs and hatchlings of O. suteri to four months of age. Oligosoma suteri eggs (n = 174) were randomly distributed among three constant incubation temperatures (18°C, 22°C and 26°C) and two water potentials (-120 kPa and -270 kPa). Hatching success and hatchling survival were greatest at 22°C and 26°C, with hatchlings from 18°C incubation suffering from physical abnormalities. Incubation regime and maternal influence did not affect sex of individuals, with equal sex ratios occurring from each incubation treatment. Hatchlings from the 22°C and -120 kPa incubation treatments were larger, for most measurements, and warmer incubation temperatures resulted in increased growth rates. Juveniles from 22°C and 26°C and individuals with greater mass per unit length (condition index) sprinted faster over 0.25 m. Sprint speed was positively correlated with ambient temperature. At four months of age sprint speed decreased in 18°C individuals and individuals incubated at 26°C and -270 kPa compared to their performance at one month. The results suggest that the most successful captive incubation regime for O. suteri is 22°C and -120 kPa. This study also shows that temperature-dependent sex determination does not occur in O. suteri, but that fitness traits are influenced by incubation temperature.</p>

Rate of Oxygen Consumption in Fingerlings of Major Carps at Different Temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B Tabinda ◽  
Moazzam Ali Khan . ◽  
Omme Hany . ◽  
M. Ayub . ◽  
M. Hussain . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Major Carps

Hibernation, temperature and rates of oxidative phosphorylation by heart mitochondria

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. South
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference

The effect of temperature on rates of oxidative phosphorylation (pyruvate substrate) by heart mitochondria obtained from hibernating hamsters, control hamsters and rats was studied. Apparent energies of activation ( Ea) determined between 5° and 24°C were, respectively, 20.4, 20.8 and 28.3 Kcal. for the rates of oxygen consumption and 20.6, 21.4 and 29.5 Kcal. for the rates of phosphorylation. The difference between the rats and either group of hamsters were significant statistically. The slope of the regression line fitted to the data obtained from hibernating animals did not differ significantly from that of the control hamsters. However, a parallel vertical displacement of the lines indicated a probable increase in these oxidative enzymes upon preparation for, or during, hibernation. No significant alterations in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation with variations in the incubation temperature were noted in any of the preparations.

Effect of Temperature on Growth and Alpha Toxin Production by Clostridium perfringens1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. PARK ◽  
E. M. MIKOLAJCIK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Growth and alpha toxin production by a strain of Clostridium perfringens was determined in Thioglycollate medium, beef broth with ground beef, and beef broth with ground beef and soy protein. Incubation temperatures ranged from 15 to 50 C. In Thioglycollate medium, maximum alpha toxin production occurred at 35 C and was 40 times greater than that observed at 45 C. However, generation time and maximum population were approximately the same at 35 and 45 C. At 15 C, a two log cycle reduction in viable counts occurred within 6 h. Irrespective of incubation temperature, alpha toxin levels in Thioglycollate medium declined as the incubation period was extended beyond the stationary growth phase. In the beef broth with ground beef system which was studied at 35 C only, the organism grew slower and produced less toxin than in Thioglycollate medium. The amount of alpha toxin detected was influenced to a greater extent by the incubation time and temperature, the holding time beyond the stationary growth phase, and the growth medium than by the population level of C. perfringens.

The relationship between cirral activity and oxygen uptake in Balanus balanoides

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Newell ◽  
H. R. Northcroft
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

The rate of cirral beat of Balanus balanoides is related to the logarithm of the body weight as an exponential function. In any one animal, there is little effect of temperature on cirral activity between 7·5° and 10° C. Between 10° and 20° C, however, there is a rapid increase in cirral beat with temperature followed by a fall at temperatures above 20° C.Balanus balanoides exhibits a fast, medium and zero rate of oxygen consumption. These rates of oxygen consumption correspond with (a) normal cirral beating, (b) ‘testing’ activity with no cirral movement, and (c) with the closure of the mantle cavity. Both of the possible levels of oxygen uptake are related to the logarithm of the body weight in a logarithmic fashion over the temperature range 7·5°–22·5° C. Temperature affects the two rates of oxygen consumption differently. In the slower rate (rate B) there is an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 7·5° and 14° C but there is no significant increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 14° and 22·5 C°.

scholarly journals Time and Temperature Dependent Changes of Platelet Aggregation

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Breddin ◽  
H.J. Krzywanek
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Induced Aggregation

ADP-, collagen and epinephrine-induced aggregation change markedly if citrate blood or PRP are kept at different incubation temperatures or/and if the time interval between blood sampling and testing varies. With a growing time interval the response of PRP to ADP, collagen or epinephrine increases. Desaggregation after ADP-aggregation decreases with time. If PRP is incubated at 4°C or 10°C aggregation is increased in comparison with room temperature. At 37°C aggregation is markedly inhibited. This inhibitory effect is almost fully reversible several hours after blood sampling. Corresponding results were obtained with PAT III, measuring spontaneous aggregation tendency. Morphologic platelet changes show some correlation with the time and temperature dependent changes of the aggregation pattern. In clinical studies the time interval between blood sampling and testing and the incubation temperature of PRP should be strictly controlled. If enhanced platelet aggregation is to be studied the time interval between venepuncture and performance of the test should be 30 - 60 min for ADP-or collagen-induced aggregation and between 90 and 360 min for PAT III. PRP should always be kept at 20 - 25°C.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent sex-biased embryo mortality in a bird

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1652) ◽  
pp. 2703-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne A Eiby ◽  
Jessica Worthington Wilmer ◽  
David T Booth
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Molecular Sexing ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Female Embryo ◽  
Male Embryo ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Sex ratios have important evolutionary consequences and are often biased by environmental factors. The effect of developmental temperature on offspring sex ratios has been widely documented across a diverse range of taxa but has rarely been investigated in birds and mammals. However, recent field observations and artificial incubation experiments have demonstrated that the hatching sex ratio of a megapode, the Australian brush-turkey ( Alectura lathami ), varied with incubation temperature; more females hatched at high incubation temperatures and more males hatched at low temperatures. Here, we investigated the causes of this temperature-dependent sex-biasing system. Molecular sexing of chicks and embryos confirmed that male embryo mortality was greater at high temperatures while female embryo mortality is greater at low temperatures, with mortality in both sexes similar at intermediate incubation temperatures. Temperature-dependent sex-biased embryo mortality represents a novel mechanism of altering sex ratios in birds. This novel mechanism, coupled with the unique breeding biology of the brush-turkey, offers a potentially unparalleled opportunity in which to investigate sex allocation theory in birds.

The effect of temperature on the oxygen consumption of isolated human umbilical arteries

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Colthart ◽  
Margot R. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Arrhenius Plot ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High And Low Temperatures ◽  
Umbilical Arteries

The oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] of isolated segments of 40 human umbilical arteries was measured at different temperatures from 5 °C to 37 °C with a modified Fenn microrespirometer. The values varied from 8 μl/g per h at 8 °C to 70 μl/g per h at 37 °C. The Arrhenius plot was nonlinear, and the Q10 varied from 0.11 (30–40 °C) to 1.8 (20–30 °C) and 7.1 (10–20 °C). This suggests that the metabolic processes may be different at high and low temperatures. The results were consistent for at least 5 h post partum, and did not seem to vary from one segment of the cord to another.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON METABOLIC RATES OF LIVER AND BROWN FAT HOMOGENATES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Roberts ◽  
Robert E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature in vitro upon metabolic rates of homogenates of brown fat and liver from control and cold-acclimated rats have been examined over the range 10–37 °C. At all temperatures, brown adipose tissue exhibits a higher rate of oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] than does liver, α-ketoglutarate being used as substrate. At 10 °C, brown adipose tissue retains a larger percentage (36–38%) of its 37 °C metabolic rate than does liver (22–24%).Q10 values and energies of activation (Ea) have been determined and compared with other data reported for these tissues. At 20 °C, breaks appear in the Arrhenius plots for liver from both control and cold-acclimated rats and also for brown fat from control rats, but not for the brown fat from cold-acclimated rats. Thus brown adipose tissue from cold-acclimated rats retains relatively higher levels of respiration at temperatures below the 20 °C breaking point than does brown fat from control rats.In view of previously reported cold-induced increases in mass, vascularity, and [Formula: see text] of brown fat, this decreased temperature sensitivity in the cold-acclimated rats appears wholly consonant with the adaptive behavior of brown fat in its role as a thermogenic effector.

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