Estimate of the population structure of the estern water dragon, Physignathus lesueurii (Reptilia : Agamidae), along riverside habitat

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

A population of eastern water dragons, Physignathus lesueurii, was investigated along 1.5km of the Gloucester River in central eastern New South Wales from November 1989 to December 1992. Dragons were caught in all months from September to April, but not in June. In all, 373 dragons were marked and 69 of these were recaptured on one or more occasions. Females are ovigarous in late October, November and December. Only about one third of females have palpable eggs during these months. Hatchlings enter the population in February and March at 4.5g, with a snout-vent length (SVL) of 53mm. In the next season they are 19.5g (SVL 80mm). The dragons grow rapidly for four years to reach adult size. Growth rates are fastest during the first year at 2.25mm SVL per month or 1.25 g per month. The Jolley-Seber population estimate for adult females was 103 +/-49 in the study site or 69 per km of river. Estimates for males and for the total population could not be calculated because individuals were not equally catchable (Leslie's test for equal catchability). However, theoretical considerations place the density of adult dragons at 138-215 per km of river. The largest male was 304mm SVL, 54mm longer than the next-largest water dragon reported. One male was heavier than 1000g. The largest female was 230mm SVL and the heaviest was 490g, or approximately half the mass of the heaviest male. Adult males and adult females have the same proportion of broken tails. Water dragons are fairly sedentary, with an average distance of 76m (range 0-785m) between captures.

Distribution and Aspects of the Biology of the Parma Wallaby, Macropus parma, in New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Maynes
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
The Mean

M. pauma, which was formerly thought to be extinct in Australia, has been found in the Great Dividing Range of coastal New South Wales between 29D 28' and 32D 23's. The optimum habitat appears to be areas of wet sclerophyll forest with a thick shrubby understorey in association with grassy areas. Although the species may be locally common, its present status is best defined as rare; it has a limited distribution and normally occurs at a low density throughout its range. Limited data indicate that most young are born between February and June. Two of six females examined were probably in embryonic diapause. Females may mature sexually as early as 12 months old, and at a weight of 2.6-2.8 kg. Adult females in Australia were significantly heavier than those in New Zealand (Kawau I.), and larger in seven external body measurements. In contrast, adult males were significantly larger in Australia than Kawau I. in ear length only. The species is mainly nocturnal and the mean group size is 1.34 animals, i.e. it is usually single individuals that are encountered.

The population pattern of Miniopterus schrebersii (Chiroptera) in north-eastern New South Wales

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Population Pattern

In north-eastern New South Wales Miniopterus schreibersii is found at a wide range of cave and mine roosts as colonies that may include up to several thousands of individuals. Between April 1960 and September 1963 a field study of the biology and population characteristics of this species was carried out. Field criteria permitting aging of individuals were developed. Age classes considered were juveniles (< 9 months), yearlings (9-21 months), and adults (> 21 months). Seasonal changes in numbers, and in the sex and age composition of colonies were followed in detail at several roosts and comparative information was obtained at others. Movement patterns were assessed by a marking and recapture programme in which 1365 recoveries were obtained from a marked (toe clips and bands) population of 8775. Conspicuous sex or age biases or both were shown to exist in clusters of M. schreibersii at specific roosts and it was suggested that clustering in this species functions, in part, as a social spacing mechanism. Segregation of different sex or age classes at specific colonies permitted classification of colonies as (1) maternity colonies in which adult females and their young predominate, (2) "adult" colonies which are predominantly adult, or adult and yearling, in composition, and (3) "juvenile" colonies in which juveniles, or juveniles and yearlings, are almost prevalent. The observed social biases of colonies appeared to be related to particular phases of the reproductive cycle. Certain adult colonies were interpreted as important sites of copulatory behaviour. Recovery data for two of these mating colonies showed that adult females were more transient members of the colony than adult males. Juveniles are often well represented at adult colonies in the autumn, and during this season their presence may be correlated with a drop in the abundance of older males.

Association of Social Classes of the Wallaroo, Macropus robustus (Marsupialia : Macropodidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Adult

The association of individuals of different social classes of the wallaroo was examined on two properties (Lana and Newholme) in the New England Tablelands of New South Wales. The density of wallaroos on Lana was seven times greater than that on Newholme. Individuals of different social classes differed in the extent to which they were found alone. More animals were seen alone on Newholme than on Lana but this increase was not uniform over the social classes. Individuals of different social classes did not associate at random. Association patterns differed for individuals in groups of different size. No differences in habitat use were found between different social classes during grazing periods; however, during sheltering periods a greater proportion of large adult males was found in areas with many rocks compared with medium adult males or adult females with young-at-foot. The adaptive significance of the pattern of association of social classes is discussed.

Population dynamics of the common wallaroo (Macropus robustus erubescens) in arid New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Clancy ◽  
DB Croft
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Common

The population dynamics of the common wallaroo or euro (Macropus robustus erubescens) were investigated in two adjacent sites in far western New South Wales. Wallaroo densities were generally higher in a site of high relief (South Ridge) than in one of low relief (South Sandstone); however, both sites exhibited large fluctuations in numbers (ranges of 2.23-18.31 per km*2 and 3.48-19.99 per km*2, respectively). The proportion of adult males relative to adult females was significantly higher in South Sandstone (c. 1.1 : 1) than in South Ridge (c. 0.4: 1), indicating a difference in habitat usage by the sexes. At both sites, fluctuations in overall density were best explained by changes in the density of adult females; however, the relative importance of changes in the numbers of other size-sex classes in determining density fluctuations differed between the two sites. Total density was significantly related to the previous rainfall regime in South Ridge but not in South Sandstone. Reproductive condition of females and survivorship of young were related to environmental conditions. Adult mortality ranged from 4.55 to 25.81% per year and adult survivorship was positively correlated with the abundance of grass. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that dispersal of subadults is predominantly a male phenomenon.

What Trainee Teachers and Teachers Should Know About Aboriginal Children.

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aboriginal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Teachers ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Aboriginal Students ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Consultative Group

The New South Wales Aboriginal Education Consultative Group feels that more emphasis needs to be placed on the training of teachers in regards to Aboriginal education.Many first year teachers are sent to country areas with a relatively high percentage of Aboriginal students. In the main, these teachers have had little or no contact with Aboriginal children or parents.

Effects of logging and fire on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest, near Bega, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lunney ◽  
B. Cullis ◽  
P. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

This study of the effects of logging on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales included the effects of a fire in November 1980 and a drought throughout the study period from June 1980 to June 1983. Rattus fuscipes was sensitive to change: logging had a significant impact on its numbers, response to ground cover, and recapture rate; fire had a more severe effect, and drought retarded the post-fire recovery of the population. The three species of dasyurid marsupials differed markedly in their response to ground cover, canopy cover, logging and fire. Antechinus stuartii was distributed evenly through all habitats and was not affected by logging, but fire had an immediate and adverse effect which was sustained by the intense drought. A. swainsonii markedly preferred the regenerating forest, and was not seen again after the fire, the failure of the population being attributed to its dependence on dense ground cover. Sminthopsis leucopus was found in low numbers, appeared to prefer forest with sparse ground cover, and showed no immediate response to logging or fire; its disappearance by the third year post-fire suggests that regenerating forest is inimical to the survival of this species. Mus musculus showed no response to logging. In the first year following the fire its numbers were still very low, but in the next year there was a short-lived plague which coincided with the only respite in the 3-year drought and, importantly, occurred in the intensely burnt parts of the forest. The options for managing this forest for the conservation of small mammals include minimising fire, retaining unlogged forest, extending the time over which alternate coupes are logged and minimising disturbance from heavy machinery.

Sydney rock oyster farming in Australia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Programme

Abstract The 120-year-old Sydney rock oyster industry in New South Wales (NSW) and southern Queensland is one of the oldest aquaculture industries in Australia. The industry has been forced to adapt to competition from other species, tighter harvesting and oyster storage and handling requirements as well as eroding profit margins. Recent changes in farming practices include the move away from stick culture to single seed culture, as the half-shell market demands a more uniformly shaped oyster. When selective breeding demonstrated that it could reduce time to market (50 g whole weight) by nearly a year out of an industry average of 3.5 years, the industry wanted to try hatchery technology. Although the industry had never used hatchery technology before, it purchased 10 million spat or 8% of its annual spat requirement from hatcheries in 2003-2004, the first year that they were made available to farmers. The industry also embraced the Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, which requires that shellfish harvest areas be classified on the basis of a sanitary survey and the results of an ongoing strategic water-sampling programme. This programme ensures product safety for the consumers and helps to provide the industry with a long-term future.

The individual and health sector costs of asthma: the first year of a longitudinal study in New South Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kenny ◽  
Emily Lancsar ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Madeleine King ◽  
Meredyth Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
First Year ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

The effects of age, sex, reproductive status and temporal factors on the time-use of free-ranging red kangaroos

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Watson ◽  
TJ Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Time Use ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Foraging Time

The effects of temporal (time of day and season) factors and size, sex, female reproductive state and group size on the diel time-use of free-ranging red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) was examined. Particular emphasis was given to the effects on their foraging behaviour, with foraging divided into cropping, chewing and searching components. The study was conducted in semi-arid western New South Wales from July 1991 to March 1992, a time of deepening drought conditions in New South Wales. Group size had very little influence on the time-use of M. rufus. It was negatively but only weakly correlated with the proportion of foraging time spent chewing (chewing intensity). No significant differences in time-use were found between size classes of adult males (large and medium-sized males), females with or without pouch young, or females with different-sized pouch young (no visible young, small pouch young or large pouch young). Differences occurred between adult males, adult females and subadult kangaroos. These differences were mainly associated with their chewing and searching behaviour and were related to body size; as body size increased the proportion of time spent chewing and the intensity of chewing increased while the proportion of time searching and the proportion of foraging time spent searching (searching intensity) decreased. Neither the proportion of time spent cropping or foraging nor the proportion of foraging time spent cropping (cropping intensity) or the proportion of active time spent foraging (foraging intensity) differed between any size/sex/reproductive class. Temporal effects had a considerable influence on time-use. M. rufus were most active at night and in the few hours after sunrise and sunset. Seasonal changes in time-use were largely a result of changes in daytime behaviour. M. rufus foraged less and rested more during the day in winter than in spring or summer. There was no increase in the intensity or proportion of time spent foraging or cropping at night to compensate for the reduction in diurnal foraging. It is hypothesised that temporal variations in time-use were related to variations in weather and vegetation conditions.

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