Determination of oestrus in the female tammar, Macropus eugenii, by analysis of cellular composition of smears from the reproductive tract

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
M Westcott ◽  
NG Simms
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Periodic Model ◽  
Consistent Feature

Oestrus in the tammar, Macropus eugenii, was diagnosed from observed changes in the proportion of partly cornified epithelial cells in smears taken from the anterior urogenital sinus throughout oestrous cycles in both pregnant and nonpregnant females. Intra- and inter-animal variability in counts of cells necessitated smoothing of the data, which were also rescaled to a cycle length of 30 days. A simple non-sinusoidal periodic model was fitted to the proportions of partly cornified cells in each cycle. The analysis confirmed a common structure across cycles. A marked and consistent feature of this structure was a decrease from about 80 to 20% in partly cornified cells commencing just before oestrus, a feature tested as a detector of oestrus. The procedure proved to be reliable, but to invoke a rule developed for this purpose, a run of daily smears was needed. The maintenance of a routine record for individual animals over 10-1 1 days, including oestrus, may seem onerous but in practice has proved to be more dependable than reliance on chance observations of matings or a retained seminal plug. With experience, an empirical diagnosis of oestrus can be achieved with a shorter run of smears.

Cellular composition of the late milk of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Young ◽  
E. M. Deane
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Macropus Eugenii

The changes in cellular composition of the milk of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) have been investigated in late lactation and after the loss of pouch and back young. During lactation, the polymorphonuclear neutrophil was the most frequently observed cell. After loss or removal of the young, macrophages and foamy epithelial cells were detected in moderate to high numbers. In one animal, mammary secretions containing lymphocytes and unidentifiable, immature mononuclear cells continued for 120 days after the loss of pouch young. These observations of cellular composition of late- and post-lactation secretions are consistent with reports from a number of eutherian mammals and also with another marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

scholarly journals Sexual Transmission of XMRV: A Potential Infection Route

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Sharma ◽  
Kenneth A. Rogers ◽  
Suganthi Suppiah ◽  
Ross J. Molinaro ◽  
Nattawat Onlamoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation

Although XMRV dissemination in humans is a matter of debate, the prostate of select patients seem to harbor XMRV, which raises questions about its potential route of transmission. We established a model of infection in rhesus macaques inoculated with XMRV. In spite of the intravenous inoculation, all infected macaques exhibited readily detectable XMRV signal in the reproductive tract of all 4 males and 1 female during both acute and chronic infection stages. XMRV showed explosive growth in the acini of prostate during acute but not chronic infection. In seminal vesicles, epididymis, and testes, XMRV protein production was detected throughout infection in interstitial or epithelial cells. In the female monkey, epithelial cells in the cervix and vagina were also positive for XMRV gag. The ready detection of XMRV in the reproductive tract of male and female macaques infected intravenously suggests the potential for sexual transmission for XMRV.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF DETERMINATION OF PARENCHYMAL ORGANS DISTURBANCES DURING ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Strahinja ĆIBIĆ ◽  
Miloš PAVLOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Follicular Cyst ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Invasive Method

Ultrasound Real time 2D diagnostics, being an available and non-invasive method, issuccessfully used in human medicine, veterinary medicine and biology to diagnose bothphysiological and pathological conditions. In the case of small animals, the ultrasound is often usedto diagnose gravidity, number, size and vitality of fetuses as well as to diagnose pathologicalconditions present in the genital tract, and is also used to examine testicles and prostate of maleanimals. Today's advanced use of the ultrasound diagnostics provides us with an opportunity todetect numerous pathological conditions of reproductive tract of both female and male animals, andthose conditions directly affect health status of other internal organs. The aim of this study is todiagnose primary genital tract disorders using the ultrasound diagnostics, as well as proving itsconnection to the changes in parenchymal organs. The ultrasound examination was performed onthe total of 12 dogs, 6 male and 6 female dogs. Ovaries, uterus and the organs in the abdominal areawere examined using a transducer ranging from 5 to 8 MHz. A transducer of 7.5 MHz was used toexamine prostates and testicles. The patients were in dorsal position. Three out of six examined maledogs exhibited changes on their prostates, and the remaining one had a tumor on the testicles. Cystitisand hyperplasia of prostate were also found upon the examination of these dogs. One out of sixexamined female dogs, had cystic endometrial hyperplasia, three of them had pyometra, and one ofthem was diagnosed with an follicular cyst. In addition to these pathological conditions, changeswere noticed in the liver and pancreas. Along with the detection of primary changes in the genitaltract of both male and female animals, the ultrasound diagnostics can be used to discover consequentchanges in parenchymal organs.

Determination of fetal maturity by cellular composition and thromboplastic activity of amniotic fluid

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
D. P. Ignatieva ◽  
B. G. Sadykov ◽  
N. D. Bodua
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Obstetric Practice ◽  
Fetal Maturity ◽  
Thromboplastic Activity

In obstetric practice, early termination of pregnancy is often required in the interests of the fetus or mother.

Mechanism of interference with the Jaffé reaction for creatinine.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Kroll ◽  
N A Roach ◽  
B Poe ◽  
R J Elin
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cyclic Ketones ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Aliphatic Ketones ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
The Common

Abstract We investigated the mechanism of the Jaffé reaction for determination of creatinine by studying the spectrophotometric, kinetic, and equilibrium properties of the reaction of picrate with creatinine and with cyclic and aliphatic ketones. Absorbance spectra for the reaction products of picrate with all the ketones were superimposable with that of creatinine (Amax, 490 nm). Cyclic ketones not containing nitrogen had a molar absorptivity less than half that of creatinine and equilibrium constants approximately 0.01 that of creatinine. Aliphatic ketones, except for benzylacetone, had molar absorptivities similar to that of creatinine, but all of these compounds had equilibrium constants approximately a tenth or less that of creatinine. The common structure for all of the compounds reacting with picrate is the carbonyl group. The variable magnitude of interference for aliphatic and cyclic ketones is ascribable to the different rate constants, molar absorptivities, and equilibrium constants as compared with creatinine. Structures adjacent to the carbonyl group significantly affect the absorptivity and equilibrium constant, but steric hindrance is the major factor affecting the rate of reaction. We postulate that the carbonyl group is required for the Jaffé reaction, and we suggest a mechanism for the reaction.

scholarly journals Solar Activity and Global Temperature

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Friis-Christensen ◽  
Knud Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Solar Cycle Length

A major problem in the determination of the magnitude of a possible solar effect on climate is that no physical parameter of solar energy output exists that has been observed long enough to be used for long-term analyses. Therefore, a number of indirect parameters have been proposed, with the sunspot number as the most commonly used parameter. Recently it has been suggested that climatic effects may be more directly associated with the length of the solar cycle. Whereas the magnitude of the sunspot number is only believed to be reliable back to 1750, determination of solar activity minima may be based on other types of data. A recent reconstructed series of solar cycle lengths back to 1500 gives new information about solar activity in particular before and during the Maunder Minimum. A comparison with reconstructed temperature records has revealed that the good agreement between the solar cycle length and the global temperature found for the modern instrumental temperature record is also characteristic for the total series of reconstructed temperature data. A further result is that the response of the temperature during the pre-instrumental era is the same as for the modern temperature record. This finding confirms the close association beween terrestrial temperature and solar activity measured in terms of the solar cycle length.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document