The Water Fluxes of Rattus-Fuscipes and Antechinus-Stuartii Before and After a Prescribed Fire

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Catling ◽  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

We examined the postulate that fires would induce shortages of food and water and would be reflected in changes in water influx and efflux, loss of body weight and body fat, and an increase in mass specific body water in populations of Rattus fuscipes and Antechinus stuartii. A low-intensity, prescribed fire had no effect on any parameter and food supplies appeared adequate for the survivors in the short term. Some parameters differed between sites, sexes and species. The differences observed in male A. stuartii resulted from their unusual life cycle and not from fire.

scholarly journals Short-term renoprotective effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor for renal function and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunobu Kubota ◽  
Eri Shiroyama ◽  
Kanako Tanaka ◽  
Yoko Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients is a factor that determines the prognosis of life. Empagliflozin and canagliflozin, two oral diabetic SGLT-2 inhibitors, have shown improved renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease in a large clinical study. These results suggest that SGLT-2 inhibitors could be used not only for hypoglycemic effects, but also for renal protective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is not fully understood in which contexts the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is likely to exert its renal protective effects. The purpose of this study was to clarify the profiles of patients in whom SGLT-2 inhibitors are more likely to exert a renal protective effect in clinical practice. We examined renal function and urinary albumin changes in short-term use of SGLT-2 inhibitors by patient background. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical record information of sixty-three type 2 diabetic patients (33 males, 30 females, average age 53.0 ± 13.0 years) who were given usual doses of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. We investigated changes in body weight, blood pressure, glucose metabolism index, lipid metabolism index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, UACR) three months before and after administration of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. Results Three months after administration of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, there were improvements in glucose tolerance, weight loss, blood pressure, and lipid indices. In all cases, there was no significant change in eGFR, but UACR decreased significantly. UACR decreased regardless of Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker medication and significantly decreased in nephropathy patients with microalbuminuria or overt albuminuria. UACR decreased only in the group in which blood pressure, body weight, and hemoglobin A1c decreased before and after administration of the SGLT-2 inhibitor. Conclusions Our study shows that the renoprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors are more likely to be exerted in diabetic nephropathy patients who have advanced to at least microalbuminuria stage, and in addition to direct renal protection, the comprehensive effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which lower body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose, are also important for their renal protection effects.

scholarly journals Short-term renoprotective effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor for renal function and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunobu Kubota ◽  
Eri SHiroyama ◽  
Kanako Tanaka ◽  
Yoko Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients is a factor that determines the prognosis of life. Empagliflozin and canagliflozin, two oral diabetic SGLT-2 inhibitors, have shown improved renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease in a large clinical study. These results suggest that SGLT-2 inhibitors could be used not only for hypoglycemic effects, but also for renal protective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is not fully understood in which contexts the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is likely to exert its renal protective effects. The purpose of this study was to clarify the profiles of patients in whom SGLT-2 inhibitors are more likely to exert a renal protective effect in clinical practice. We examined renal function and urinary albumin changes in short-term use of SGLT-2 inhibitors by patient background. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the chart information of sixty-three type 2 diabetic patients (33 males, 30 females, average age 53.0 ± 13.0 years) who were given usual doses of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. We investigated changes in body weight, blood pressure, glucose metabolism index, lipid metabolism index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, UACR) three months before and after administration of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. Results Three months after administration of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, there were improvements in glucose tolerance, weight loss, blood pressure, and lipid indices. In all cases, there was no significant change in eGFR, but UACR decreased significantly. UACR decreased regardless of Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker medication and significantly decreased in the nephropathy stage 2 and 3 groups. UACR decreased only in the group in which blood pressure, body weight, and HbA1c decreased before and after administration of the SGLT-2 inhibitor. Conclusions Our study shows that SGLT-2 inhibitors are independent of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, and in addition to direct renal protection, the comprehensive effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which lower body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose, are also important for their renal protection effects.

Short-term response of the long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta, and the southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus obesulus, to low-intensity prescribed fire in heathland vegetation

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Hope
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hazard Reduction ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Context Prescribed burning is routinely performed within the Sydney Basin as a method of fire-hazard mitigation. Despite the widespread use of prescribed fire, knowledge of the impact of prescribed fire on most fauna species remains unclear. This is particularly the case for bandicoot species. Aims To determine the impact of a low-intensity prescribed fire on the survival of the long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta, and the southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus obesulus (hereafter abbreviated to I. obesulus), immediately after the fire and at 5 weeks, 5 months and 13 months following the fire. To document the spatial ecology and nesting requirements of I. obesulus and P. nasuta before and after fire. Methods One I. obesulus and seven P. nasuta (five female and two male) individuals were radio-tracked. Animals were tracked before, during and following a hazard-reduction burn to assess the impact of fire on home range, survival and nesting behaviour. Key results Post-fire survival of P. nasuta and I. obesulus was high and the population remained stable up to 5 months following the fire. All animals tracked within the burn area (three female P. nasuta) survived the passage of fire. The home range for one male I. obesulus was found to be 2.35 ha 50% kernel-density estimate (KDE) and 12.35 ha 95% KDE. Female P. nasuta (n = 5) had a home range of 1.3 ha ± 0.2 s.e. 50% KDE and 7.5 ha ± 1.7 s.e. 95% KDE. Male P. nasuta (n = 1) had a home range of 1.1 ha 50% KDE and 6.5ha 95% KDE. Nesting for both species tended to occur in dense vegetation, with a slight shift to non-combustible refuge sites post-fire. Animals tended to maintain exclusive and relatively stable core home ranges, although overlap of non-core home ranges was common. Conclusions The survival of bandicoots following a low-intensity hazard-reduction fire was high in the short term; however, further research is required to determine how the components of a fire regime affect native species, in particular peramelids. Implications Hazard-reduction fires should be used with caution to manage the isolated and endangered northern Sydney population of I. obesulus, so as to ensure the persistence of this species.

scholarly journals Short-term Renoprotective Effect of SGLT-2 Inhibitor for Renal Function and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunobu Kubota ◽  
Eri Shiroyama ◽  
Kanako Tanaka ◽  
Yoko Yoshii
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients is a factor that determines the prognosis of life. Empagliflozin and canagliflozin, two oral diabetic SGLT-2 inhibitors, have shown improved renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease in a large clinical study. These results suggest that SGLT-2 inhibitors could be used not only for hypoglycemic effects, but also for renal protective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is not fully understood in which contexts the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is likely to exert its renal protective effects. The purpose of this study was to clarify the profiles of patients in whom SGLT-2 inhibitors are more likely to exert a renal protective effect in clinical practice. We examined renal function and urinary albumin changes in short-term use of SGLT-2 inhibitors by patient background. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical record information of sixty-three type 2 diabetic patients (33 males, 30 females, average age 53.0 ± 13.0 years) who were given usual doses of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. We investigated changes in body weight, blood pressure, glucose metabolism index, lipid metabolism index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, UACR) three months before and after administration of a SGLT-2 inhibitor. Results Three months after administration of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, there were improvements in glucose tolerance, weight loss, blood pressure, and lipid indices. In all cases, there was no significant change in eGFR, but UACR decreased significantly. UACR decreased regardless of Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker medication and significantly decreased in nephropathy patients with microalbuminuria or overt albuminuria. UACR decreased only in the group in which blood pressure, body weight, and HbA1c decreased before and after administration of the SGLT-2 inhibitor. Conclusions Our study shows that the renoprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors are more likely to be exerted in diabetic nephropathy patients who have advanced to at least microalbuminuria stage, and in addition to direct renal protection, the comprehensive effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which lower body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose, are also important for their renal protection effects.

Potential Positive Effects of Fire on Juvenile Amphibians in a Southern USA Pine Forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Brown ◽  
John T. Baccus ◽  
D. Bruce Means ◽  
Michael R.J. Forstner
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Status Effect ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Prescribed fire is a common tool used to conserve and manage the integrity of forest ecosystems. We investigated short-term juvenile amphibian capture and body condition changes subsequent to fire (i.e., one prescribed burn and two wildfires) in a southern United States pine forest. We surveyed amphibians and predatory invertebrates before and after fires occurring during summer 2010. We tested for treatment (i.e., control, wildfire, or prescribed burn) and status (i.e., preburn or postburn) differences in 1) genus-level captures, 2) amphibian health (inferred through a body condition index), and 3) predatory invertebrate captures. Bufo and Scaphiopus captures increased in the prescribed burn treatment; whereas, no differences in Gastrophryne captures were observed. We did not detect a burn status effect on amphibian body condition. Predatory invertebrate captures were higher postburn in the control and wildfire treatments. Neither a low-intensity prescribed burn nor high-intensity wildfires negatively impacted short-term juvenile amphibian captures. Further, we speculate that Bufo and Scaphiopus survivorship may have been higher after the prescribed burn.

Short-Term Effects of Fuel Reduction Burning on Populations of Small Terrestrial Mammals

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Thompson ◽  
G Medlin ◽  
R Hutchinson ◽  
N West
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Low Levels

Small mammals (Rattus fuscipes, Mus musculus, Antechinus flavipes, Isoodon obesulus) were livetrapped for 18 months prior to fuel reduction burning (FRB) in dry sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua south of Adelaide. Although the fire prescription was hotter than that normally conducted for a FRB in this habitat, the fire was of low intensity, removing most of the litter and understorey but only singeing the canopy in a few places. Trapping continued for 16 months after the burn, when the study site was destroyed by a wildfire (Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983). No animals were known to have died as a direct result of the FRB and little effect was observed on the population dynamics of A. flavipes. However, numbers of R. fuscipes declined precipitously in the 3 months following the FRB and remained at low levels with no summer recruitment of juveniles over the following 16 months (2 summers) as there had been in the summer prior to the FRB. No movements to unburned areas were recorded in either species after the FRB. There was no influx of M, musculus after the fire and there was no marked affect on the population of I. obesulus.

Identification of the Filial Relationships of Free-Living Small Mammals by 35Sulfur

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Dickman ◽  
DH King ◽  
D.C.D. Happold ◽  
M.J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Different Levels

A technique for determining the filial relationships of free-living small mammals is described. The radioisotope 35*sulfur is injected into a lactating mother, and this passes from the milk and is incorporated in the growing hairs of the young. In three species, Mus musculus and Rattus fuscipes (Rodentia) and Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia), radioactivity in the hairs of the young was detected for up to 130 days after injection of the mother. The technique has the following advantages: (1) the half-life of 35*S is only 87.4 days; (2) 35*S had no evident adverse effects; (3) different treatments, ranging from 0.75 �Ci [27.75 kBq] g-� to 4.25 �Ci [157.25 kBq] g-� body weight of the mothers, resulted in different levels of radioactivity in the hair of the juveniles; consequently, the filial relationships of several mothers and their young may be established. The application of this technique to field studies of small mammals is outlined.

Reproducibility of short-term food intake and subjective appetite scores after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold, and body composition in boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
Paul B. Pencharz ◽  
Robert C. Goode ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Ventilation Threshold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

The objective of these studies was to assess the reproducibility of (i) short-term food intake (FI) and subjective appetite following a glucose preload, (ii) ventilation threshold (VT) and subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and (iii) body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). On two separate weekend mornings, boys (n = 11; aged 9–14 years) received drinks containing 50 g glucose made up to 250 mL with water 2 h after a standardized breakfast. FI from a pizza meal was measured 30 min later. Subjective appetite was measured before and after the glucose loads and the VT measures. VTs were measured on 2 weekday evenings, 1 week apart. BIA was measured during the FI assessment sessions. Short-term FI after the glucose preload was highly reproducible. Mean energy intake was 925 ± 139 kcal on the first day and 988 ± 147 kcal on the second day (coefficient of repeatability (CR) = 259 kcal; intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96). Moderate reproducibility of the average appetite score was found at 30 min (CR = 24 mm; ICC = 0.82). Subjective appetite was increased similarly by short-duration exercise on both days (CR = 19 mm). Absolute VT was more highly reproducible (CR = 359 mL O2·min–1, ICC = 0.85) than VT expressed on the basis of body weight (CR = 8.0 mL O2·kg–1·min–1, ICC = 0.59). Fat mass (FM) estimated from BIA was highly reproducible (CR = 2.7 kg, ICC = 0.95), but underestimated FM compared with skinfolds. In conclusion, FI and subjective appetite scores in response to glucose preloads, VT, subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and estimates of FM from BIA are reproducible in boys.

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF BMV ON P WAVE DISPERSION AND SHORT TERM PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF P WAVE DISPERSION IN PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON MITRAL VALVULOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND SINUS RHYTHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Daulat Singh Meena ◽  
Vijay Pathak ◽  
Anoop Jain ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Ola
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Short Term ◽  
P Wave Dispersion ◽  
Mitral Valvuloplasty ◽  
Percutaneous Balloon ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral  valvuloplasty (PBMV) on P wave dispersion and to test the correlation between P-maximum and  P-dispersion to right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure before and after PMBV. Also to study the impact of P-maximum and P-wave dispersion on the short term clinical outcome after successful PBMV in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm. Methods: 75 patients undergoing PMBV were enrolled in this study. We evaluated P-maximum, P-minimum and P-wave dispersion before and one month and one year after PBMV . We studied the changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), left atrial (LA) dimension, mitral diastolic gradient, and mitral valve area, in addition to the changes in right ventricular function utilizing tissue Doppler assessment both before and after PMBV, in addition the role of the P-wave dispersion in prediction of late cardiac events. Results: There were significant decrease in mean diastolic gradient, PAP, and LA size and significant improvement in right ventricular tissue Doppler indices after PMBV. Accompany these hemodynamic changes after PMBV. P-maximum and P-wave dispersion were found to be decreased (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Successful PBMV was associated with a decrease in Pmax and PWD. These simple electrocardiographic indices may predict the success of the procedure immediately after PBMV.  The P-maximum and P-wave dispersion changes were correlated with significant impairment of right dysfunction and the degree of pulmonary artery pressure. Keywords: PBMV.PAP,LA

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