Water and Energy-Metabolism and Estimated Food-Consumption Rates of Free-Living Wambengers, Phascogale-Calura (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
D King ◽  
a Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Lactating Females

The metabolic rates and water fluxes of free-living Phascogale calura were determined with doubly labelled water. The highest rates of water influx occurred in October, when the adult population consisted of lactating females only. The highest metabolic rates occurred in June, and the lowest rates of both water influx and metabolism occurred in March. The value of the data in designing toxic baits for the control of foxes or other exotic pests, while minimising the hazard to phascogales of accidental poisoning, is discussed.

Field Metabolism and Water Requirements of Spinifex Pigeons (Geophaps-Plumifera) in Western-Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Williams ◽  
D Bradshaw ◽  
L Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
A Value ◽  
Maintenance Metabolism ◽  
North Western

Spinifex pigeons (Geophaps plumifera) are one of the few avian species that have evolved the capacity to reside in the hot and dry regions of central and north-western Australia. Previous investigation has revealed that their basal metabolic rate (BMR) equals only 68% of allometric prediction. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that these birds have a reduced field metabolic rate (FMR) and water influx as a result of their lowered BMR. We measured the FMR and water flux of free-living spinifex pigeons by means of the doubly labelled water method. Although body mass of free-living male and female pigeons differed significantly, with males weighing on average 90.8 +/- 7.7 g (+/- s.d.) and females 80.2 +/- 5.6 g, FMR was statistically indistinguishable between sexes. For sexes combined, FMR averaged 139.9 mL CO2 h-1, or 73.5 kJ day-1, a value 38.7% of allometric expectation. These data support the hypothesis that spinifex pigeons have a markedly reduced FMR, probably, in part, the result of a depressed BMR compared with other birds of similar size. Our phylogenetic analysis of the BMR of pigeons lacked sufficient data to determine whether a reduced BMR in Australian pigeons was the consequence of ecological adaptation or phylogenetic constraint. Water influx ranged from 2.5 to 39.0 mL day-1 and averaged 18.4 mL day-1. Of the total water intake, 83.5% came from drinking; their food, seeds, supplied about 4%. Maintenance metabolism, energy allocated to basal plus thermoregulatory metabolism, accounted for about 67% of the average FMR, indicating that the activity requires relatively low energy expenditure in these birds.

Energy and Water Metabolism in Free-Living Greater Gliders, Petauroides-Volans

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Foley ◽  
JC Kehl ◽  
KA Nagy ◽  
IR Kaplan ◽  
AC Borsboom
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates

Water flux and metabolic rate were measured using a low-level, doubly-labelled water technique in eight free-living greater gliders, Petauroides volans which were maintaining constant body masses at about 1 kg in eucalypt forest near Maryborough, Queensland. Mean water influx was 88.0�3.2 mL d-' and mean metabolic rate was 25.1 L C02 d-' or 520 kJ d-'. These arboreal folivores have field metabolic rates and water influx rates that are 96% and 71% respectively of those predicted for a herbivorous marsupial of their body mass. Assuming that faecal energy losses were 43% of gross energy intakes and that urinary energy losses were 15% of digestible energy intakes, the gross energy intake of the animals was about 1130 kJ d-'. Animals would need to eat between 45 and 50 g of dry matter daily to satisfy these energy requirements. Based on these results, a preliminary energy budget for greater gliders has been proposed.

Seasonal daily, daytime and night-time field metabolic rates in Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps)

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (22) ◽  
pp. 3571-3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Anava ◽  
Michael Kam ◽  
Amiram Shkolnik ◽  
A. Allan Degen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Influx Rate ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates

SUMMARY Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps; mean adult body mass=72.5 g) inhabit extreme deserts of Israel. Previous studies have shown that their daily field metabolic rates are similar in winter and summer and that there is an increase during the breeding season. We hypothesized that the difference in seasonal daily field metabolic rate would be a consequence of differences in daytime metabolic rate, and that night-time metabolic rate would be similar during the three seasons. We used doubly labelled water to determine daily,daytime and night-time field metabolic and water-influx rates in breeding babblers in spring and nonbreeding babblers in winter and summer. Daily and daytime energy expenditure rates were higher during the breeding season than during either summer or winter, but there was no difference among seasons in night-time energy expenditure rates. Thus, our hypothesis was supported. The daytime field metabolic rates in summer and winter nonbreeding babblers were 3.92× and 4.32× the resting metabolic rate (RMR),respectively, and in breeding babblers was 5.04× RMR, whereas the night-time field metabolic rates ranged between 1.26× RMR and 1.35× RMR in the three seasons. Daily and daytime water-influx rates were highest in winter, intermediate during the breeding season and lowest in summer, but there was no difference among seasons in night-time water-influx rate. Daytime water-influx rate was greater than night-time water-influx rate by 2.5-fold in summer, 3.9-fold in the breeding season and 6.75-fold in winter. Seasonal patterns of daily and daytime energy expenditure were similar, as were seasonal patterns of daily and daytime water influx. Daily and daytime energy expenditure and water-influx rates differed among seasons whereas night-time rates of both did not. Daily and daytime field metabolic rates of babblers were highest during the breeding season, whereas daily and daytime water-influx rates were highest in winter.

The Energetics of Free-Living Little Penguins Eudyptula-Minor (Spheniscidae), During Molt

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gales ◽  
B Green ◽  
C Stahel
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Little Penguin

Levels of circulating triglycerides and cholesterol in moulting little penguins in Tasmania were measured before, and throughout the moult. Levels at the initiation of moult were similar to those in breeding birds but increased by 2.5 times (triglycerides) and 1.8 times (cholesterol) during the moult. Water flux rates and field metabolic rate (FMR) were measured throughout moult with tritiated and doubly labelled water. TBW ranged from 54 to 70% body weight and increased during moult. Water influx rates were significantly correlated with rate of weight change. Mean FMR of moulting little penguins was 657 kJ kg-' day-', or 1.5 times basal metabolic rate (BMR), and there was no difference between sites or sexes. The water influx rates of birds foraging immediately after moult were 11 times higher than in moulting birds. The energy required to sustain a moulting little penguin is 15% higher than that required for a resting, non-moulting penguin. Although the cost of moult is elevated above BMR, the main energetic expense is met during the pre-moult foraging period when birds must consume enough food to ensure that they lay down sufficient fat reserves to sustain the moult.

Patterns of Prey Consumption and Energy Use in a Small Carnivorous Marsupial, Antechinus-Stuartii

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
P Catling ◽  
G Turner
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Carnivorous Marsupial

The metabolic and water flux rates of free-living Antechinus stuartii were measured by means of doubly-labelled water. These data allowed rates of food consumption to be estimated on a seasonal and annual basis and variations in body fat reserves to be monitored. There were marked seasonal variations in energy and water use; the highest rates were found in lactating females during late spring, the lowest were recorded in males during the breeding season just prior to their deaths. These results are discussed with regard to the breeding pattern, and it is demonstrated that the existence of males in the population during spring could seriously constrain breeding success.

Field Energetics and Water Balance of Sugar Gliders, Petaurus Breviceps (Marsupialia:Petauridae).

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Nagy ◽  
GC Suckling
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Acacia Gum ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates ◽  
Petaurus Breviceps ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Mass Basis

Doubly labelled water measurements in free-ranging sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) weighing 121 g indicated that field metabolic rates (FMRS) averaged 62.5 litres CO2/kg daily, equivalent to 169 kJ per animal daily (3.8 times basal metabolic rate). The females, most of which had small pouch young, weighed significantly less than males (112 g compared with 135 g), but mass-specific FMRS did not differ significantly between sexes. Rates of water influx (mass-specific) also did not differ between sexes, and were 208 ml/kg daily. The diet consisted of about two-thirds acacia gum, one-third mixed arthropods and traces of bark (on a dry mass basis). Apparent assimilation of dietary substances was 88% for DM, 89% for energy, 86% for nitrogen and 61% for water. Gliders consumed 11.2 g DM of food daily. The diet contained 44% water (fresh mass basis), and provided about half of the water gliders obtained. The other half presumably was ingested as rainwater. In comparison with the ecologically similar Leadbeater's possums (129 g), sugar gliders had lower metabolic rates while active outside their nests (17.4 compared with 31.4 kJ/h for the possums), primarily because possums spent energy for activity 2.5 times faster than did sugar gliders. This suggests that gliding affords sugar gliders a considerable energetic saving, but portion of time abroad spent foraging and resting, and distribution, abundance and predictability of food resources may also account for this difference.

Water, Sodium and Energy Turnover in Free-Living Little Penguins, Eudyptula-Minor

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Green ◽  
N Brothers ◽  
R Gales
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Sodium

Water influx rates of adult little penguins ranged from 20 ml kg-' day-' in fasting (incubating and moulting) birds to about 650 ml kg-' day- ' in birds that were foraging at sea over extended periods. The sodium influx rates of adults ranged from almost zero up to 87 mmol kg-' day-', depending on the activity patterns of the birds, and were closely correlated with water influxes. The metabolic rates of adult penguins were 1.7 and 2.8 times standard metabolic rates during fasting and foraging respectively, and were also closely correlated with water influx rates. The mean food consumption rate for the maintenance of chicks was about 236 g kg-' day-', equivalent to a maintenance energy intake of 1460 kJ kg-' day-'. Partitioning calculations show that sea water ingestion during foraging represented about 10% of total water influx, but about 40% of total sodium influx. Nasal salt secretions were hyperosmotic to serum and it was calculated that daily sodium influxes could be totally eliminated via this route within 4 hours.

Comparative water flux and daily energy expenditure of lizards of the genus Gallotia (Lacertidae) from the Canary Islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Baez ◽  
Roland Vernet ◽  
Jacques Castanet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Average Water

AbstractWater fluxes and daily energy expenditure (DEE) of Gallotia galloti, G. stehlini and G. atlantica, were estimated over a three-year period using the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method. Water influx varied little between seasons and between sexual categories. Juveniles tended to have higher water fluxes in spring in all three species; after a dry period the water turnover tended to decrease for all sexes in G. galloti and G. stehlini, whereas little variation was observed for G. atlantica. The average water influx, combined for all periods, was 46.27, 50.97 and 38.20 ml H2O.kg-1 d-1 for the three species respectively; only the last value differs significantly from the remaining two. The mean DEE, for all periods combined, were 189.7, 179.4 and 146.5 J g-1 d-1 for the three species respectively. As for water turnover, only the value for G. atlantica differed significantly. These data suggest that: G. atlantica may be better adaptated to maintain homeostasis during dry periods and that differences in interspecific DEE can also be explained by others factors than differences in habitat, climatic conditions, daily profiles of activity or body temperatures. We suspect that the incidence of intraspecific competition has more importance in G. atlantica than in the two other species.

Water and Energy Turnover in a Small Monitor Lizard, Varanus-Acanthurus

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dryden ◽  
B Green ◽  
D King ◽  
J Losos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates

The field metabolic rates and water influxes of Varanus acanthurus were determined by means of doubly-labelled water during late spring. The mean metabolic rate was 0.101 +/- 0.032 mL CO2 g-1 h-1, which was equivalent to an energy expenditure of 63 kJ kg-1 day-1 and a fresh food consumption rate of 13.2 g kg-1 day-1. The mean rate of water influx was 15.9 +/- 6.8 mL kg-1 day-1 and it is suggested that up to 30% of water influxes are via pulmo-cutaneous exchange and drinking. It is considered that V. acanthurus is a secretive 'sit and wait' predator and that this accounts for the lower than predicted water influx and metabolic rates of this species.

scholarly journals Non‐invasive measurement of metabolic rates in wild, free‐living birds using doubly labelled water

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Bourne ◽  
Andrew E. McKechnie ◽  
Susan J. Cunningham ◽  
Amanda R. Ridley ◽  
Stephan M. Woodborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Measurement
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