The Effects of Grazing by Kangaroos and Rabbits on the Vegetation and the Habitat of Other Fauna in the Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, Australian Capital Territory.

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Neave ◽  
MT Tanton
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Grey Kangaroo

Exclosures established in 1979 at 3 grassland sites in the Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve kept out kangaroos and rabbits, kangaroos only or rabbits only, at each site. The occurrence of some plant species changed over time in all treatments as a result of natural plant succession, but other changes were caused mainly by grazing by the grey kangaroo [Macropus giganteus]. The 3 sites were different floristically mainly in the percentage cover of Themeda australis, Bromus molliformis, Hypochoeris radicata and Trifolium spp. The frequency of occurrence of moss, Haloragis tetragyna, Rumex acetosella, B. molliformis and Trifolium spp. also differed between sites. Compared with ungrazed plots, exclosures grazed by kangaroos had decreased percentage cover of Glycine clandestina, Aira caryophyllea and Haloragis tetragyna whereas moss species increased. Bothriochloa macra, which occurred only at 1 site, increased on plots grazed by kangaroos and produced a significant site-treatment interaction. The plots grazed by kangaroos had increased frequency of occurrence of dicotyledonous seedlings, A. caryophyllea, Danthonia sp. and H. radicata. Since 1982-83, the frequency of occurrence of G. clandestina, Lomandra filiformis and Verbascum thapsus decreased where the grey kangaroo grazed. New species recorded in 1986, that appeared only in sites grazed by the grey kangaroo, included B. molliformis, Eriochilus cucullatus, Trifolium campestre, Luzula sp. and Silene gallica. Species such as Hibbertia obtusifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Lactuca serriola, Conyza bonariensis, Danthonia sp. and Hydrocotyle laxiflora were not present on plots grazed by the grey kangaroo. Height of Acrotriche serrulata, dicotyledonous seedlings, G. clandestina, H. laxiflora, Hypericum gramineum, H. radicata, L. filiformis, Poa sp., Sorghum leiocladum and T. australis was reduced markedly in plots grazed by the grey kangaroo, although grazing did not always appear to be the reason. The reduction in the height of the vegetation made the areas unsuitable for stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis) and Richard's pipit (Anthus novaeseelandiae), and also affected certain invertebrates.

scholarly journals The flora and vegetation of an old solvay process tip in Jaworzno (Upper Silesia, Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E V. J. Cohn ◽  
B. Tokarska-Guzik ◽  
L. C. Trueman ◽  
G. Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Solvay Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Future Loss

This paper demonstrates the flora, plant communities and substrates of an old solvay process spoil tip in Upper Silesia, Poland. In an area of 15 000 m<sup>2</sup> there are growing 136 vascular plant species. The flora is characterised by the preponderance of Asteraceae - species and long-lived perennial herbs, many of them coming from meadows and grasslands. Ninety-five percent of species are apophytes despite the anthropogenic origin of the site. A majority of species are associated with moderately dry, base-rich soils with low or moderate levels of nitrogen. The site is shown to be an important refuge for some protected species, montane species and other elements uncommon in the local flora. An analysis of a series of samples used a methodology based on the assessment of percentage cover of particular species and multivariate analysis based on TWINSPAN. Both suggested a relatively high overall similarity between the samples with minor variations associated with moister substrates.Elemental analysis and pH determinations of soil samples associated with the relevés revealed a narrow range of pH and an absence of any strong concentrations of heavy metals. A redundancy analysis of the soil-plant relationships suggested that the strongest trend of differentiation was most closely associated with a phosphate gradient, and the next strongest was pH and possibly waterlogging. The most species-rich vegetation was associated with low phosphate and high pH levels. The results could be interpreted to suggest that processes of soil development and plant succession are slow but nevertheless perceptible, with implications for future loss of diversity. The vegetation constitutes an assemblage essentially of one type showing only weak relationships with described vegetation types such as <em>Molinio-Arrhenatheretea</em> meadow, <em>Festuco-Brometea</em> grassland and <em>Caricetalia davallianae</em> mire. The results also suggest that the vegetation of the site is of considerable value for nature conservation. The site should be protected and be the subject of further research.

Chemical weed control in young peach trees

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
K Koffmann ◽  
J Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Peach Trees

The effects of five residual herbicides and two mixtures of herbicides on tree and weed growth were studied in two trials over two consecutive seasons in a young peach orchard at Bathurst, New South Wales. In the first trial, dichlobenil at 4.5 and 9.0 kg ha-1 increased tree growth and suppressed weeds, but the residual effects of the low rate were short; simazine (2.2 kg ha-1), trifluralin (2.2 kg ha-1) and simazine (1 1 kg ha-1) plus trifluralin (1.1 kg ha-1) also reduced weed incidence but did not improve tree growth. In the second trial, terbacil (2.2 kg ha-1) and mixtures of diuron (1.1 kg ha-1) and terbacil at 1.1 or 2.2 kg ha-1 effectively controlled weeds, giving faster tree growth. Terbacil (1.1 kg ha-1) and diuron (1.1 kg ha-1) suppressed broadleaf but not grass weeds. Terbacil (1.1 kg ha-1) improved tree growth only in the second season; diuron (1.1 kg ha-1) did not affect tree growth. None of the peach trees displayed toxic symptoms. The main weeds present in the trial site were: Amaranthus powellii, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, Lepidium hyssopifolum, Lactuca serriola, Rumex acetosella, Sonchus oleraceus, Plantago lanceolata, Cynodon dactylon, Bromus sp, and Eragrostis sp.

scholarly journals The bryophyte flora of nature reserves in central Chile. 1. The moss flora of Los Ruiles Nature Reserve, near Talca

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Müller ◽  
Iris Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Species List ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Small Forest

The moss flora of the Los Ruiles Nature Reserve, Maule region (VII), central Chile was investigated. Los Ruiles is a small forest reserve dominated by Nothofagus trees and surrounded by plantations of Pinus radiata. The moss species list contains 72 taxa, among which are 36 species newly reported for the Maule region. Several species reach their northernmost known limit in the reserve, including Achrophyllum magellanicum var. magellanicum, Ancistrodes genuflexa, Cryphaea consimilis, Dendrocryphaea lechleri, Lembophyllum orbiculatum, Leptostomum menziesii, Symblepharis krausei, and Zygodon papillatus. To ensure the survival of these rare or local bryophytes, an increase of the proportion of Nothofagus trees in the forests surrounding the reserve is desirable.

A Technique for Estimating the Numbers of Eastern Gray Kangaroos, Macropus-Giganteus, Grazing a Given Area of Pasture

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Perry ◽  
ML Braysher
Keyword(s):  
Decay Rate ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Pellet Group ◽  
Potential Error ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Pellet Counts ◽  
Pellet Density

This paper outlines a technique for estimating, by means of faecal pellet counts, the absolute number of eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus, grazing on a given area in the A.C.T. Absolute numbers were obtained by comparing relative density of pellets on the area to be assessed, with pellet density in the grey kangaroo enclosure at Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, which has a known area and a known kangaroo population. The decay rate of pellets in three different areas did not vary significantly. The average number of pellets per pellet group was similar in all three areas, but during drought kangaroos tended to drop fewer pellets per group. However, the potential error caused by this can be avoided if the control and test areas are assessed at the same time. The problem of defining a group is eliminated by counting individual pellets rather than groups.

To moss flora of the planned nature reserve «Kaita» (Murmansk Region)

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
M. A. Boychuk ◽  
N. V. Polikarpova
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Data Book

The first annotated list of mosses of the planned Kaita Nature Reserve with 139 species and 1 variety was compiled. Rare species (Leucodon sciuroides, Philonotis caespitosa, Schistidium apocarpum, Sphagnum annulatum, Sphagnum inundatum, Splachnum rubrum et al.) have been found. One species (Orthotrichum speciosum) is listed in Red Data Book of the Murmansk Region (Krasnaya…, 2003). Half of the recorded moss species often occur throughout the Murmansk Region. The lists of mosses of the planned Kaita Nature Reserve and two neighboring protected areas (Lapland and White Sea part of Kandalaksha Strict Nature Reserves) were compared.

scholarly journals Primary plant succession on freshly degraded yedoma (ice complex) in Lena delta (Eastern Siberia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00047
Author(s):  
Nikolay Laschinskiy ◽  
Alexey Faguet ◽  
Christina Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Herbaceous Communities ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
One Year

Primary plant succession was studied on freshly eroded yedoma in the southern part of Lena River Delta. Four stages of vegetation development were clearly distinguished. The first stage starts on bare ground and lasts from two-three months to one year. Its vegetation is represented only by fragmented cover of young mosses and a few seedlings of vascular plants. The most abundant moss species at this moment is Ceratodon purpureus. The second stage lasts from one to three years depending on slope steepness. Plants cover 20 to 60% of the soil surface. Main dominants are Descurainia sophioides and Tephroseris palustris. The third stage of succession presented by closed species-poor grasslands with Arctagrostis arundinacea as main dominant. This stage lasts for up to 20 years. The fourth stage is represented by species-rich herbaceous communities, which also have Arctagrostis arundinacea as main dominant but enriched with many perennial herbs. There is not enough data to determine the duration of this stage but it is at least few tens of years. This successional system requires a long time for its development. It means that IC degradation is not a recent process but accompanied yedoma deposits through all of its history.

scholarly journals Invasion of alien plants in fire-damaged forests at southern boundary of the taiga zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. eSC13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy A. Khapugin ◽  
Elena V. Vargot ◽  
Gennadiy G. Chugunov ◽  
Nikita I. Shugaev
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
In Fire ◽  
State Nature

Aim of study: Biological invasions are one of the most important areas of forest research. In this study, we revealed invasibility of fire-damaged forests at the southern boundary of the taiga zone.Area of study: The Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Central Russia).Material and Methods: Altogether, 11 square plots of each 100 ×100 m were established in different types of fire-damaged forests. To test plant invasion outside the established plots, field researches were carried out by route method in fire-damaged area of the Mordovia Reserve.Main Results: Six alien species (Erigeron canadensis, E. annuus, Oenothera biennis, Lactuca serriola, Sambucus racemosa, Viola arvensis) were registered within the established plots in 2011–2014. In addition, two alien invasive plants (Solidago canadensis and Bidens frondosa) were found outside these plots. No differences were detected in invasibility of the tested forest ecosystems.Research highlights: Among the revealed alien species, Erigeron canadensis, Lactuca serriola and Solidago canadensis are the most invasive plants in forest ecosystems. The first one was observed with a high occurrence frequency and abundance in all forest types tested. The second one has not been differed by abundance, but it characterized by a high competition as well as a large biomass and a large number of seeds. Solidago canadensis penetrated to natural forest ecosystem in a short time period due to closest location of its dispersal centers near the boundary of the Mordovia Reserve. These species are the most probable invaders of the forest ecosystems.Keywords: Invasive plants; invisibility; post-fire successions; Mordovia State Nature Reserve; wildfire; forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Impact of different soil cultivation on weed species in winter rape (oilseed)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Věra Zelená
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Number Of Factors

A community of weeds and crops is affected by a number of factors, including, among other things, also tillage. In the years 2000–2002, the composition of weed species in rape stands was evaluated on the fields with the total area of 551 hectares (1 hectar equals to some 2.47 acres). The evaluation was carried out with the application of methodology developed by Kühn (1982). On the fields located in the cadastral area of Olomouc – Holice, which had been cultivated in a traditional manner, 115 relevés were recorded. On the fields in the cadastral area of Bohuňovice, which had been cultivated with the application of reduced tillage, 97 relevés were recorded and evaluated. All of the above fields were subjected to the application of chemical agents reducing the occurrence of weeds. The data thus received were processed by means of multidimensional analysis of ecological data with the application of a RDA method (Redundancy Analysis). In the course of three years, 75 weed species were found on the fields under conventional tillage, on the average, 8.2 species per a relevé, while 66 weed species were found during the same period of time on the fields cultivated by means of reduced tillage, on the average, 8.6 species per a relevé. The application of RDA analysis enabled us to sort out the selected species of weeds (i.e. those the frequency of occurrence of which exceeded 15 %) into three groups. The conditions provided by the conventional tillage appeared to be more satisfactory for the weed species included in the first group (Arctium tomentosum, Elytrigia repens, Helianthus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, Lolium perenne and Papaver rhoeas). The species included in the second group, i.e. Alsinula media, Apera spica-venti, Atriplex patula, Bromus sterilis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Myosotis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense., responded to reduced tillage by the increase in cover or by increased frequency of occurrence. The third group consists of species such as: Cirsium arvense, Chamomilla recutita, Galium aparine, Lactuca serriola, Matricaria maritima, Triticum aestivum and Viola arvensis. Their cover and frequency of occurrence were in a more degree influenced by factors different from the type of tillage. The manner of tillage appears to be only one of a number of factors that affect the occurrence of weed species. It influences them together with other factors and it is a factor of polyfunctional nature.

CHECKLIST OF HIGHER AQUATIC PLANTS OF OMSK REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
A. Efremov ◽  
K. Evzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Ruppia Maritima ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
Najas Marina ◽  
As Species ◽  
Veronica Beccabunga

The article presents the results of generalizing the factual material on the diversity of hydromacrophytes from the divisions Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta and Magnoliophyta in the territory of the Omsk region. For each species the geographical frequency of occurrence in natural zones, the group of halobility and trophicity are indicated. For the region 176 species of higher hydromacrophytes have been identified. The division Magnoliophyta is distinguished by the greatest species diversity, which includes 116 species (65.9% of all higher hydromacrophytes), the division Bryophyta accounts for 49 species (27.9%), Marchantiophyta – 7 (4.0%), the divisions Equisetophyta and Polypodiophyta include only 2 species each (1.1%). Currently in the region 24 species of higher hydromacrophytes are included in the number of protected species with an established category of protection or as species that need special attention to their state and natural environment. In total, the following moss species are known from several habitats: Riccia fluitans, R. frostii, R. rhenana, Ricciocarpos natans, Fissidens adianthoides, Paludella squarrosa and vascular plants: Ceratophyllum platyacanthum subsp. oryzetorum, Elatine hydropiper, Veronica beccabunga, Najas marina, Sagittaria trifolia, Potamogeton rutilus, including brackish Ruppia maritima, Althenia orientalis, Zannichellia palustris var. repens.

Group SIze in the Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Macropus giganteus, and the Wallaroo, Macropus robustus

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
North Eastern

Data were collected on the occurrence of eastern grey kangaroos and wallaroos in groups on two properties (Lana and Newholme) in north-eastern New South Wales. The density of both species was higher on Lana than on Newholme. The frequency of occurrence of groups of different size was significantly different from that expected if the occurrence was random for both species. For the grey kangaroo on Lana, mean group size was smaller during early morning than during the rest of the day. Mean group size was significantly greater on Lana than on Newholme for both species, and smaller for wallaroos than for grey kangaroos on both properties. For both species, mean group size was significantly correlated with the density of kangaroos in each habitat.

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