The Diet of the Brown Goshawk, Accipiter-Fasciatus, in Southeastern Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Aumann
Keyword(s):  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Prey Items

The diet of the brown goshawk, Accipiter fasciatus, was studied during 1980-83 near Macclesfield, VIc. Birds made up 63% and mammals 26% of 1769 prey items. Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, accounted for 95% of mammalian items. Mammals were estimated to contribute more to dietary biomass than birds (54 v.46%). Other animals recorded in the diet were reptiles (Elapidae and Scincidae), insects (mostly Coleoptera and Orthoptera) and crustaceans (Engaeus spp.). Diet composition varied significantly from year to year, from season to season and, during breeding, between territories in close proximity to one another. There were significant differences in the diets of males and females. Males took relatively more birds (52 v.24%), more insects (41 v.21%) and fewer mammals (2 v. 48%). Differences in food between age classes were also significant. Compared to second-year and older birds, first-year birds took relatively fewer mammals (28 v.43%), fewer birds (23 v.49%) and more insects (43 v.0%).

scholarly journals Mark-Recapture-Recovery Modeling and Age-Related Survival in Little Penguins (Eudyptula Minor)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-827
Author(s):  
Leesa A. Sidhu ◽  
Edward A. Catchpole ◽  
Peter Dann
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract We analyzed yearly mark-recapture-recovery information collected over a 36-year period for the Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) of Phillip Island in southeastern Australia. We show that it is feasible to model age-dependence for the survival, recapture, and recovery probabilities simultaneously, and that such a modeling scheme yields biologically realistic age structures for the model parameters. We provide illustrations of potentially erroneous results that may arise when researchers fail (1) to consider simultaneous age-dependence or (2) to detect annual variations that may mask age-dependence. From 1968 to 2004, 23,686 chicks were flipper-banded; 2,979 birds were encountered after fledging, and 1,347 were ultimately recovered dead. We found low survival of 17% in the first year of life, increasing to 71% in the second year of life, 78% in the third year, and 83% thereafter, and declining gradually after nine years of age. A population model allowing for immigration of birds from areas surrounding the study sites fits the observed stable population in the study sites. Modelado de Marca-Recaptura-Recuperación y Supervivencia Relacionada con la Edad en Eudyptula minor

scholarly journals Patterns and predictors of food texture introduction in French children aged 4–36 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane Demonteil ◽  
Eléa Ksiazek ◽  
Agnès Marduel ◽  
Marion Dusoulier ◽  
Hugo Weenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractThe aims of this study were to describe which and when food textures are offered to children between 4 and 36 months in France and to identify the associated factors. An online cross-sectional survey was designed, including questions about 188 food texture combinations representing three texture levels: purées (T1), soft small pieces (T2) and hard/large pieces and double textures (T3). Mothers indicated which combinations they already offered to their child. A food texture exposure score (TextExp) was calculated for all of the texture levels combined and for each texture level separately. Associations between TextExp and maternal and child characteristics and feeding practices were explored by multiple linear regressions, per age class. Answers from 2999 mothers living in France, mostly educated and primiparous, were analysed. Over the first year, children were mainly exposed to purées. Soft and small pieces were slowly introduced between 6 and 22 months, whereas hard/large pieces were mainly introduced from 13 months onwards. TextExp was positively associated with children’s number of teeth and ability to eat alone with their finger or a fork. For almost all age classes, TextExp was higher in children introduced to complementary feeding earlier, lower for children who were offered only commercial baby foods and higher for those who were offered only home-made/non-specific foods during the second year. Our study shows that until 12 months of age the majority of French children were exposed to pieces to a small extent. It provides new insights to further understand the development of texture acceptance during a key period for the development of eating habits.

Study of Discontinuing Students at Macquarie University

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Baumgart
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Part Time Students ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Second Year

In a study of discontinuing students at Macquarie University major analyses were based on a sample of 444 students divided into four categories: students still persisting in Term 3 of second year, students who discontinued during first year, students who voluntarily discontinued after first year, and students excluded because of failure at the end of first year. Multiple discriminant analyses were used to relate potential predictors to category membership. Predictors included both entry and process variables. Results are reported separately for full-time and part-time students, and for males and females within these categories. The major findings carry implications for those who need to make management decisions in relation to higher education. Additionally, the paper attempts to highlight some of the design problems inherent in correlational studies and to present selected methodological strategies used in this study to minimize the effects of these problems.

Diet and condition of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in Nova Scotia during autumn and winter

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Matlack ◽  
Alison J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Hare Population

A study was conducted from 1980 to 1982 on the diet and condition of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in the province of Nova Scotia. Skinned carcasses were provided by trappers, hunters, fur buyers, and taxidermists. The autumn–winter diet was determined from analysis of 1099 stomachs. Canine teeth were sectioned and aged to group the bobcats into three age-classes: juvenile, yearling, and adult. Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus, occurred most frequently as a prey item, followed by white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virgìnianus, and small mammals. The mean weights of hare and deer consumed per feeding were similar. Male bobcats consumed deer more frequently and in larger quantities than did females. Adults consumed deer more frequently and in larger quantities than did juveniles. Bobcats harvested in the first year of the study (1980–1981) consumed deer more frequently than did those harvested in the second year (1981–1982), while hare population levels were found to be lower in the first year than in the second. A condition index was developed by dividing the sum of the weights of mesenteric, kidney, and sternum fat by the weight of the skinned carcass. The groups (males, adults, and specimens harvested in 1980–1981) that more frequently consumed deer were found to be in the best condition.

Changes in nestling diet composition of the red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva in relation to chick age and parental sex

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Mitrus ◽  
Cezary Mitrus ◽  
Magdalena Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Nestling Development ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Prey Items

AbstractThe composition of nestling diet in the red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva was studied by videotaping 14 broods, in natural stands of the Białowieża Forest, in relation to nestling age and the sex of the parents. On average 51.5% of the prey items were flying insects, 25.9 % spiders and 22.8% caterpillars. Amongst flying insects, Diptera dominated (84.8%), then Lepidoptera (7.6%) and Orthoptera (6.6%). The composition of the diet changed significantly in relation to the age of the nestlings. The proportion of caterpillars decreased with nestling age from 36% to 13%, whilst that of flying insects increased from 42% to 64% and spiders achieved their highest representation in the middle stages of nestling development. Within the group of flying insects, composition of prey types also changed significantly: the proportion of Orthoptera increased from 7% to 11%, and Lepidoptera decreased from 9% to 3%, while the proportion of Diptera was almost unchanged. No differences were found in general in the proportions of prey types provided by males and females, although they differed in respect to nestling age. In the first five days of nestling life, males provided more caterpillars and fewer flying insects than when nestlings were older.

scholarly journals Observation of Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni) C Lutching without the Presence of Males and Eggshell Mortality on a Large Tortoise Farm in Slovenia Over a Three-Year Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stvarnik Mateja ◽  
Lindtner-Knific Renata ◽  
Štokar Žan ◽  
Gregurić Gračner Gordana ◽  
Mićunović Jasna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Second Clutch

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the percentage of hatched and fertilized eggs in female Hermann’s tortoises before and after the removal of males after breeding.A breeding group of Testudo hermanni boettgeri with 50 females and 12 males was included in the study. In the first year, all adults were together in the same habitat until reproductive activity was observed. After the end of May, the males and females were separated for the next two active seasons. The number of eggs and number of second clutches decreased gradually. In the first year, 76.0% of females laid eggs; in the second year, 24.0%; and in the third year, only 8.0%. Second clutches were observed in ten females (26.3%) in the first year, while in the next two years, one female had a second clutch. There was a small but significant correlation between the weight of a single tortoise and the number of eggs laid but no significant correlation between the weight of the tortoise and its average egg weight. The weight (15.1-16.8 g), length (33.9-36.1 mm) and width of each egg (27.5-28.0 mm) was measured.During the laying season, the eggs were put into incubators. The incubation length varied from 52 to 70 days. After the end of incubation, eggshell mortality and its causes (19.3-52.5%) were examined. In the first year, the viability rate of the incubated eggs was 80.7%; in the second year, 80.5%; and in the third year, 47.8%. Among the unhatched eggs in the first year, 62.5% were unfertilized, 53.1% were infected, 28.1% were dehydrated and 21.9% were found in various stages of embryonic development.

Recolonisation by Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) After Warren Ripping or Warren Fumigation.

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parer ◽  
G Milkovits
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Main Factor

Attempts were made to exterminate rabbits at six separate sites; recolonisation was measured over the following two years. Three sites were treated by repeated warren ripping and three by repeated warren fumigation. At all sites the warren treatments were supplemented by shooting and dogging. Two years after treatment, the density of rabbits was 56% of the original density on fumigated sites and 50% on ripped sites. In the first year after treatment, reopened warrens were found more commonly than newly dug warrens; in the second year there were more new warrens than reopened ones. More of the treated warrens reopened on fumigated sites (40%) than on ripped sites (21%). For individual warrens, the number of entrances at treatment and the distance a warren was from untreated rabbit populations were the main factors influencing the probability of reopening. Population density on the periphery of the sites was the main factor influencing the rate of recolonisation of the sites and group control schemes are recommended to minimise recolonisation after control.

scholarly journals Notes on the growth and biology of the prawn Spirontocaris lilljeborgii (Danielssen)

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sexually Mature

SummarySpirontocaris lilljeborgii is a dioecious species and no protandrous hermaphrodites have been seen.The majority of males become sexually mature in the first year (7–9 months). Some of these may die after fertilizing the females and the majority die after fertilizing the females for a second year (18 months old).Only a small proportion of the females breed in their first year, all breed during their second year and a few appear to live for a third year.A first-year female lays from 130 to 160 eggs, and the usual output of a second-year female is from 450 to 650 eggs.Egg laying begins at the end of November and hatching is complete by the end of March.The total incubation period is about 90 days. Eye pigmentation first appears at about half the incubation period (47 days).Juveniles can be distinguished as males and females by the shape of their pleopods within 4–6 months of hatching.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of oriental sole (Brachirus orientalis) on the Bushehr coast of the Persian Gulf

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Dima Alghada ◽  
Yazdan Keivany ◽  
Fatemeh Paykan-Heyrati
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Prey Items

AbstractThe feeding habits of oriental sole, Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider) were investigated using 300 male and female specimens collected from coastal waters of Bushehr Province (Persian Gulf) between June 2015 and July 2016. The total length of females and males ranged from 16.2 to 38.5 cm and 14.1 to 29.1 cm, respectively. Of the total number of stomachs examined, 225 were empty (vacuity index = 77%). This index varied significantly over the year (P < 0.05), with maximum values in April and September and minimum in October and May. The B. orientalis diet was composed of nine prey species belonging to five classes. The most important prey items were Crustacea and Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda). Diet composition showed little seasonal variation, and Crustacea, Bivalvia, and Gastropoda were the most important prey items in all seasons. Sex did not appear to have any significant effects on dietary composition, and the main prey items were consumed by both males and females (P > 0.05).

scholarly journals Age and growth of sea trout, Salmo trutta L., from new commercial catches in the lower Vistula River

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Rafał Bernaś ◽  
Anna Wąs-Barcz ◽  
Grzegorz Radtke
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The age and growth of Vistula River migratory sea trout, Salmo trutta L., caught in commercial catches in the Vistula in 2017-2018 were analyzed. The mean length of the sea trout caught was 61.4 cm in 2017 and 62.8 cm in 2018. It was confirmed that the fish caught reached an average of 56.5 cm following the first year at sea, 69 cm after the second year, and 82 cm after the third. The dominant age class among the fish in the catches was a sea age 1+. No older age classes than 3+ were noted. The age at smoltification of the sea trout examined in most instances was 2+. The results obtained were compared and discussed in light of historical results. The condition coefficient calculated was lower than that of the 1960s.

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